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Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF FORMAT Display this book on your site! Related Titles Gulf War and Health: Volume 5. Infectious Diseases Growing Up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries Other Related Titles Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics (1966) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 107   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 107 Front Matter (R1-R11) Contents (R12-R14) Human Translation (1-1) Types of Translator Employment (2-3) English as the Language of Science (4-4) Time Required for Scientists to Learn Russian (5-5) Translation in the United States Government (6-6) Number of Government Translators (7-8) Amount Spent for Translation (9-10) Is there a Shortage of Translators or Translation? (11-12) Regarding a Possible Excess of Translation (13-15) The Crucial Problems of Translation (16-18) The Present State of Machine Translation (19-24) Machine-Aided Translation at Mannheim and Luxembourg (25-28) Automatic Language Processing and Computational Linguistics (29-31) Avenues to Improvement of Translation (32-33) Recommendations (34-34) Appendix 1. Experiments in Sight Translation and Full Translation (35-36) Appendix 2. Defense Language Institute Course in Scientific Russian (37-38) Appendix 3. The Joint Publications Research Service (39-40) Appendix 4. Public Law 480 Translations (41-42) Appendix 5. Machine Translations at the Foreign Technology Division, U.S. Air Force Systems Command (43-44) Appendix 6. Journals Translated with Support by the National Science Foundation (45-49) Appendix 7. Civil Service Commission Data on Federal Translators (50-53) Appendix 8. Demand for and Availability of Translators (54-56) Appendix 9. Cost Estimates of Various Types of Translation (57-66) Appendix 10. An Experiment in Evaluating the Quality of Translations (67-75) Appendix 11. Types of Errors Common in Machine Translation (76-78) Appendix 12. Machine-Aided Translation at the Federal Armed Forces Translation Agency, Mannheim, Germany (79-86) Appendix 13. Machine-Aided Translation at the European Coal and Steel Community, Luxembourg (87-90) Appendix 14. Translation Versus Postediting of Machine Translation (91-101) Appendix 15. Evaluation by Science Editors and Joint Publications Research Service and Foreign Technology Division Translations (102-106) Appendix 16. Government Support of Machine-Translation Research (107-112) Appendix 17. Computerized Publishing (113-117) Appedix 18. Relation Between Programming Languages and Linguistics (118-120) Appendix 19. Machine Translation and Linguistics (121-123) Appendix 20. Persons Who Appeared Before the Committee (124-124)

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OCR for page 107
Appendix 16 Government Support of Machine-Translation Research NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Office of Science Information Services, Information Systems Program 1. Cambridge Language Research Unit Grant Number Date NSF Transferred Total GN 3398 3-29-57 $ 7,100 $ 20,000 (RADC) $ 27,100 GN 4788 12-31-57 13,000 20,000 (RADC) 33,000 GN 8212 4-3-59 15,650 20,000 (RADC) 35,650 GN 8212.1 5-6-60 5,500 (RADC) 5,500 $ 35,750 $ 65,500 $ 101.250 2. Georgetown University Grant Number Date NSF Transferred Total 2723 6-29-56 $ 35,000 $ 65,000 (CLA) $ 100,000 3867 6-6-57 35,000 90,000 (CIA) 125,000 5513 6-6-58 36,600 150,000 (CIA) 186,600 $ 106,600 $305,000 $ 411,600 3. Harvard University Grant Number Date NSF Transferred Total GN 4982 1-31-58 $ 14,150 $ 15,000 (RADC) $ 29,150 G 5514 6-6-58 26,200 26,200 G 6400 9-23-58 150,000 70,000 (RADC) 220,000 G 10636 12-11-59 100,000 100,000 (RADC) 200,000 G 15924 12-29-60 128,500 21,500 (RADC) 150,000 G 24833 6-30-62 160,160 160,160 GN 162 6-29-63 235,450 235,450 GN 329 6-25-64 24O,500 240,500 $1,054,960 $206,500 $1,261,460 107

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4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Grant Number Date NSF Total 1210 2044 G 3031 G 4378 G 6537 G 10130 G 16843 G 24047 GN 244 5. 10-28-54 10-25-55 10-23-56 9-30-57 11-3-58 10-26-59 3-3-61 6-6- 62 1-22-64 $ 18,700 24,800 35,200 41,400 90,600 126,000 150,000 225,000 200? 000 $911,700 University of California, Berkeley $ 18,700 24,800 35,200 41,400 90,600 126,000 150,000 225,000 200,000 $911,700 Grant Number Date NSF Total - G 6399 G 8737 G 14147 GN 92 GN 306 9-30-58 6-12-59 8-15-60 2-1-63 6-8-64 6. Ohio State University $ 40,500 57,600 208,000 249,000 167,300 $722,400 $ 40,500 57,600 208,000 249,000 167,300 $722,400 Grant Number Date NSF Total - G 18609 G 25055 GN 174 6-16-61 6- 30-62 6-24-63 7. Wayne State University $ 14,700 40,000 100,000 $154,700 $ 14,700 40,000 100,000 $154,700 Grant Number Date NSF Total . GN 159 GN 430 8. Ramo-Wooldridge 6- 15-63 6- 11-65 $200,000 244 000 $444,000 Contract Number Date NSF C 233 10-2-61 $119,477 Thompson Ramo-Wooldridge $200,000 244 000 , $444,000 _otal $119,477 C 233 (Amend) 3-1-63 152,084 152,084 C 320 8-20-63 50,223 50,223 108

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Bunker-Ramo Corp . C 372 6-30-64 $240,000 9. University of Texas Grant Number Date NSF Total G 19277 GN 54 GN 208 GN 308 8- 18-61 9-27-62 10-24-63 6- 18-64 $ 95,000 200,000 150,000 168,200 $613,200 10. University of Pennsylvania Grant Number $240,000 $561,784 $ 95,000 200,000 150,000 168,200 $613,200 Date NSF Total - G 3027 10-16-56 $ 1,950 $ 1,950 G 3397 2-1-57 24,300 24,300 G 4981 2-- 15-58 42,300 42,300 G 6538 10-24-58 31,450 31,450 G 8217 6-15-59 321,800 321,800 G 17446 4-28-61 180,400 180,400 G 24340 6-5-62 346,000 346,000 GN 311 6-11-64 .414,000 414,000 $1,362,200 11. National Bureau of Standards Grant Number Date NSF Total G 17815 G 19659 GN 107 GN 320 6-7-61 10- 3-61 3-26-63 6-29-64 $ 15,000 73,000 75,000 58,200 $221,200 12. University of Chicago (Yngve) Grant Number Date GN 412 5-22-65 $1,362,200 $ 15,000 73,000 75,000 58,200 $221,200 NSF Total $294,000 $294,000 13. National Academy of Sciences, Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee Contract Number Date NSF Transferred Total - C 310 4-20-64 $19,000 $20,000 (C LA) $59,000 T. O. 80 20,000 (RADC) $19,000 $40,000 $59, coo 109

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14. Linguistic Society of America, MIT (Conference) Grant Number Date NSF Total G 11302 2-8-60 $15,000 $15, coo 15. Wayne State University (Conference) Grant Number Date NSF Transferred Total - G 12887 5-12-60 $3,938 $1,000 (ONR) $ 4,938 G 15859 12-16-60 3,328 3,328 G 22890 3-27-62 357 5,000 (RADC) 5,357 $7,623 $6,000 $13,623 16. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Conference) Grant Number Date NSF Total G 2337 5-1956 $1,059 $1,059 G 2888 10-1956 5,351 5,351 $6,410 $6,410 17. University of Washington Grant Number Date NSF Total G 13579.1 FY-62 $ 1, coo $ 1, coo G 13579 FY-60 53,700 53,700 $54,700 $54,700 TOTAL NSF SUPPORT: $6,585,227 TOTAL TRANSFERRED FUNDS: $623,000 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Georgetown University Grant Number Date Total NSF G 5513 6-6-58 $ 9,890 Supplement XG 2230 7-1-59 XG 2239 7-16-59 XG 2312 7-1-60 XG 2427 9-1-61 Supplement to 3- 31- 63 24,979 153,000 439,000 438,000 250,000 $1,314,869 Note: Other CIA funds in support of the Georgetown machine-translation project (amounting to $205,O00) were transferred to NSF. See above. 110

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 1. United States Air Force Fiscal Year 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Total 2. United States Navy Fiscal Year 1953- 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 $ 400,000 700,000 800,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 927,000 561,000 600,000 2,045,000 680,000 $9,613,000 $ 416,600 50,000 75,000 130,000 150,000 150,000 Total $ 971,600 3. United States Army Fiscal Year 1958-1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Total $ 184,000 223,000 225,000 110,000 175,000 230,000 175,000 $1,322,000 TOTAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT: $11,906,600 DOD CIA NSF $11,906,600 1,314,869 6,585,227 GRAND TOTAL $19,806,696 111

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The Committee feels that these data form the best estimate now available of government expenditures in support of machine- translation research. Other estimates could be obtained, however, depending on the extent to which one would include or exclude funds for the support of work in related areas of data processing and information technology and the costs of the operation of the Foreign Technology Division mechanical translation facility. Criteria for what constituted support of mechanical translation research were determined by the individual sponsors. 112

Representative terms from entire chapter:

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