National Academy of Sciences | 150 Year Anniversary

Questions? Call 800-624-6242

| Items in cart [0]

The National Academies Press

Rights & Permissions

topleft topright

Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics (1966)

Citation Manager

. "Appendix 6. Journals Translated with Support by the National Science Foundation." Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1966.

Please select a format:

BibTeX EndNote RefMan


Page
45
bottomleft bottomright
Page
45
Front Matter (R1-R11)
Contents (R12-R14)
Human Translation (1-1)
Types of Translator Employment (2-3)
English as the Language of Science (4-4)
Time Required for Scientists to Learn Russian (5-5)
Translation in the United States Government (6-6)
Number of Government Translators (7-8)
Amount Spent for Translation (9-10)
Is there a Shortage of Translators or Translation? (11-12)
Regarding a Possible Excess of Translation (13-15)
The Crucial Problems of Translation (16-18)
The Present State of Machine Translation (19-24)
Machine-Aided Translation at Mannheim and Luxembourg (25-28)
Automatic Language Processing and Computational Linguistics (29-31)
Avenues to Improvement of Translation (32-33)
Recommendations (34-34)
Appendix 1. Experiments in Sight Translation and Full Translation (35-36)
Appendix 2. Defense Language Institute Course in Scientific Russian (37-38)
Appendix 3. The Joint Publications Research Service (39-40)
Appendix 4. Public Law 480 Translations (41-42)
Appendix 5. Machine Translations at the Foreign Technology Division, U.S. Air Force Systems Command (43-44)
Appendix 6. Journals Translated with Support by the National Science Foundation (45-49)
Appendix 7. Civil Service Commission Data on Federal Translators (50-53)
Appendix 8. Demand for and Availability of Translators (54-56)
Appendix 9. Cost Estimates of Various Types of Translation (57-66)
Appendix 10. An Experiment in Evaluating the Quality of Translations (67-75)
Appendix 11. Types of Errors Common in Machine Translation (76-78)
Appendix 12. Machine-Aided Translation at the Federal Armed Forces Translation Agency, Mannheim, Germany (79-86)
Appendix 13. Machine-Aided Translation at the European Coal and Steel Community, Luxembourg (87-90)
Appendix 14. Translation Versus Postediting of Machine Translation (91-101)
Appendix 15. Evaluation by Science Editors and Joint Publications Research Service and Foreign Technology Division Translations (102-106)
Appendix 16. Government Support of Machine-Translation Research (107-112)
Appendix 17. Computerized Publishing (113-117)
Appedix 18. Relation Between Programming Languages and Linguistics (118-120)
Appendix 19. Machine Translation and Linguistics (121-123)
Appendix 20. Persons Who Appeared Before the Committee (124-124)

Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.

OCR for page 45
Appendix 6 Journals Translated with National Science Foundation Support ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS APPENDIX AGI AGS AGU American Geological Institute American Geographical Society American Geophysical Union American Institute of Biological Sciences AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers AMS ASME ESA GChS IEEE IJSM ISA OSA SIAM SSSA ST American Institute of Physics American Mathematical Society American Society of Mechanical Engineers Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc. Entomological Society of America The Geochemical Society Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Journal of the Science of Metals Instrument Society of America Optical Society of America Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Soil Science Society of America Scripta Technica, Inc. 45

OCR for page 46
o Hi ·_1 $- o ¢ EN ~Q a, Q C) ~Q .m o a 46 CO r - C) ~Q ·_I C~ CO 5- C~ C~ C) ~Q ·_I C~ CO r t_ C~ C) ~Q ·_I CD C~ a, C) .. - C~ o o a) o ~Q o ~Q · O ~ O O O O o C~ U: L~ O ~ L`:) CD a) ~ O O O O U~ O O O O Lf: O d~ ~) CK1 1 ~1 C<) C~ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 - 1= u7 ~ r~ oo ~ c~ L~ ~ C~ C~ ~i ·_1 a) CO ~ 0 ~ 0 0 0 L~ 0 0 0 ·o 0 ·o O hD L~ C~ co ~ ~ L~ O C~ L~ O ~ ~ o ~ c~ ~ r~ ~ ~ ~ oo 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ a) ~ ^ ~ O C~ ~ O O U: O O C~ ~ CD U: L~ C~ ~ O CD ~ O O O O L~ O O O O O ~ ~1 0 1 C~ O L~ O O C~ ~ ~ C~ ~1 ~1 L~ CKl C~) Q a) ~2 . o ~ C: 02 V: ·_f ~ ~ ~o ¢ _i · ,~ :> S~ a) ~q ~ ~ ~0 >, U) O ~ ~b.0 ·--CD ~~ ~ - s~ ~ a bOa ~ e ~, ,S, a) ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~Q m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U) ~ ~ ~ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ V: ~? O I {jO O ~ ¢ · I o GO a) a) . ~ ·— O O GO ~ ~ o ) v ¢ · . . O a ·—l o l a .—l ·— o o u: (Q GO E-' ~ ~o 1 1 l .—l ·— o o : oo .o ~ CD o oo c~ o c~ ~ ~ oo co c~ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o Lo Oo o ~ o c~ ·o oo ~ oo ~ ~ u: O L~ ~ r~ ~ ~ ~ cs c~ c) a., . U2 f~ ,= H ~ y y ~ .o cd o c) ~Q ¢ ¢ ¢¢s¢¢¢¢¢s¢¢~¢¢¢ o cd cd a bD - ) · l— ~ (Q ~ cd ,= ~ a~ ~ f~ oo c~ oo o ~ ~ ~ l c~ ~ c~ oo ~ oo ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ c~ ~Q a, ~ o ~ o ~ m o C) Ct a ~; c) a ~2 . . · - ~2 U2 o m l · — O O Y ~ ~ U: ~ U) ~Q

OCR for page 47
o o c~ oo oo ~ o o o o ~ o Lo o o co co c~ 's ~ Lo c~ ~ u: ·o ~ c~ CO O ~ O ~ ~ O CD O ~ O O ~ O co oo ~ o o oo co r~ ~ r~ u: CD C~ ~ C~ U~ ~ C~ ~ ~ C~ c~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 r~ ~ 0 0 ~ L~ ~ CO ~ 1~) C~ ~1 ~ CD ~ 0 1 0 1 1 o ~ ~ c~ ~ cc ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ co c~ Io C~ CO U: CO C~ oo ~D O CD O CD ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ O 00 C~ V CO ~ C~ ~ ~ L~ ~ Ll:\ O C~ C~ O CO C`;1 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ C~ ~ CO ~ C~ ~ cD ~ ~ C~ ~ ~ ~ O 00 GO ~ , 5. j ~ O e 3 ~ ~ · ~ 0 ~ ~ · 0 8 ~ Yt O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 s ~ ~ 3 ¢ ~ ~ ~ ~ U2 ~ &m ¢ () () C) ~ ~ 01 ~ H H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ¢ ¢ ~ ~ . O · - Ql O U: · I P~ ~ ~ V U: U: ·- O ~ ·_' d =¢ C~ 1 1 1 ~ ~ C~ a) ~ CD CD O CD ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 . O O O ° S~ ~ ~ ~ C~ ~ P~ ~ .s ~ ~ O H O o a) ~ ') ~ ~ c' $- ~ a) ¢ a) a) `6 8 ~ ~ ~ . ~ . . ~ ~Q ~ ~ ~ ~ O ¢H o ¢ ¢H ¢ ~ CO O ~ O ¢ · H ~ C) ~ . ;>> D2 O ~ ~ ,S C2 ¢0 1 0 .o · ;_' ct H ~ 0 ~2 =0 Q, Q, o2 (Q ~, - C) O¢Z ¢ U: _ _ CD CD · ~ m v 1 C~ CD CO . ~ · ~ U: U: CS CD cr: o C~ · - ·— CO ~ ~ 5- O O O O =4 =4 ~Q U: a) ~ S~ o V o a) o V - :^ , - O O 1 a) V CD O ~' Q a) V C~ ~L a, . _ ~ · b.l) 47

OCR for page 48
TABLE 2. Translation Journals That Achieved Self-Sufficiency IN JANUARY 1964 Soviet Phys. - JETP Soviet Phys. - Dokl. Soviet Phys. - Usp. Soviet Phys. - Solid State Soviet Phys. - Acoust. Soviet Phys. - Cryst. Soviet Phys. - AJ Soviet Phys. - Tech. Phys. Appl. Math. Mech. Phys. Metals Metallog. Dokl. - Biol. Sci. Sect. Dokl. - Botan. Sci. Sect. Dokl. - Biochem. Sect. Plant Physiol. Microbiology IN JANUARY 1965 Metal Sci. Heat Treat. Metals Metallurg. Refractories Friction and Wear in Machinery A:E' AIP AIP AIP AIP AIP AIP A:E, ASME/Pergamon IJSM/Pergamon CB CB CB CB CB IJSM/CB IJSM/CB IJSM/CB ASME 48

OCR for page 49
o ~ o · - — . - U2 c~ o cn o o v ct .~- u' 5 ._' ~ U) CQ Ct a o o C) s~ o ao P~ ._, o.0 5- ¢ E¢- ~ o .~, ~Q Ct o ~Q o rn LO ~ C`;l C`;l ~ ~ C~ L~ O C.Q C~ ~ CO C`;l CKl C~ C~ O C`;l C~ ~ CeD ~1 CKl C`;l C~ ~i C`;l C~ ~ ~1 ~( C`;l CKl C~ C~ C`;l C~ CsJ C~ C~ L~) ~ ~ L~ ) l~ L~ ~ ~ LC) ~ ~ L~ L~ ~ C1) C~ ) C:l C~ ~ C!D L~ LO (Q CC) C!:l ~ C:> C~ CD ~ ~ CC) C;: Ci) Ci) 00 ~) 00 ~ L~ ) C~ L~ CD C~ C!~) C~ ~ ~ LC) LO CO LO CO ~ Ct Ct C;} Ct Ct C<3 ~ ~ ~ 00 C~ ~ ~ C~ 00 ~ LO O C! ~ ~ ~ 1 - 0 ~ O ~ O C`;l ~ 00 ¢ ¢ ~ ~ ~ ~ ¢ ¢ ¢ ~ ¢ ¢ ~ ~ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ O . ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ O ~ ,,7 - ~ OS ~ ~, ~ ' V ~ ~ ~ ¢ · - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ¢ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , V ~ ~ . ~ o ~ ~ ~ o° ~, ~ C) C) o ° ~ ·— ·— ·— ~ ·— — ·— ·— ·— ~o ~ ~ ~ ~ V o° o° ~ O 0> 0> ~ o~ 0 o~ o~ 0 0 0 0 m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ v2 ~Q ~ ~ ~Q ~ ~Q 49 c ., C~ ~Q s~ ·_t a' ._~ a) .,4 ._ .,

Representative terms from entire chapter:

aip aip