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Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF FORMAT Display this book on your site! Related Titles Gulf War and Health: Volume 5. Infectious Diseases Growing Up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries Other Related Titles Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics (1966) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 7   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 7 Front Matter (R1-R11) Contents (R12-R14) Human Translation (1-1) Types of Translator Employment (2-3) English as the Language of Science (4-4) Time Required for Scientists to Learn Russian (5-5) Translation in the United States Government (6-6) Number of Government Translators (7-8) Amount Spent for Translation (9-10) Is there a Shortage of Translators or Translation? (11-12) Regarding a Possible Excess of Translation (13-15) The Crucial Problems of Translation (16-18) The Present State of Machine Translation (19-24) Machine-Aided Translation at Mannheim and Luxembourg (25-28) Automatic Language Processing and Computational Linguistics (29-31) Avenues to Improvement of Translation (32-33) Recommendations (34-34) Appendix 1. Experiments in Sight Translation and Full Translation (35-36) Appendix 2. Defense Language Institute Course in Scientific Russian (37-38) Appendix 3. The Joint Publications Research Service (39-40) Appendix 4. Public Law 480 Translations (41-42) Appendix 5. Machine Translations at the Foreign Technology Division, U.S. Air Force Systems Command (43-44) Appendix 6. Journals Translated with Support by the National Science Foundation (45-49) Appendix 7. Civil Service Commission Data on Federal Translators (50-53) Appendix 8. Demand for and Availability of Translators (54-56) Appendix 9. Cost Estimates of Various Types of Translation (57-66) Appendix 10. An Experiment in Evaluating the Quality of Translations (67-75) Appendix 11. Types of Errors Common in Machine Translation (76-78) Appendix 12. Machine-Aided Translation at the Federal Armed Forces Translation Agency, Mannheim, Germany (79-86) Appendix 13. Machine-Aided Translation at the European Coal and Steel Community, Luxembourg (87-90) Appendix 14. Translation Versus Postediting of Machine Translation (91-101) Appendix 15. Evaluation by Science Editors and Joint Publications Research Service and Foreign Technology Division Translations (102-106) Appendix 16. Government Support of Machine-Translation Research (107-112) Appendix 17. Computerized Publishing (113-117) Appedix 18. Relation Between Programming Languages and Linguistics (118-120) Appendix 19. Machine Translation and Linguistics (121-123) Appendix 20. Persons Who Appeared Before the Committee (124-124)

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OCR for page 7
Number of Government Translators The exact renumber of government in-house translators is impossible to determine, although it is a simple matter to determine the num- ber of persons in the Civil Service classification, "Translator." It sometimes happens that the translator who decides to better his economic situation must first contrive to secure a more prestigious occupational title. Thus the way is open for advancement, even though the bulk of his duties might remain the same. The picture is further obscured by the fact that bilingual persons in other job categories are often called upon to produce rough or oral translations for their colleagues or superiors. This situation is not, of course, peculiar to agencies of the U.S. Government. Keeping in mind the indefiniteness of the number of persons actually classified under "Translator," we give the figures obtained from the Civil Service Commission for October 1962: Translators and clerk-translators employed in the United States 262 Translators and clerl:-translators employed worldwide 453 (For the number of translators in each division and grade, in each agency, and for the CSC salary schedule for 19 64, and CSC qualifica- tion standards, see Appendix 7.) From the data supplied by the CSC, we have figured the average yearly salary of the federal translator (clerk-translator not included) employed in the United States to be approximately $6,850. When one compares this figure with the median annual salary of government scientists ($9,000. American Science Manpower, 1962, A Report of the National Register of Scientific and Technical Per- sonnel, NSF 64-16, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1964), it is apparent that technically trained bilingual persons would derive more advantages from working as scientists and technologists in their subject specialties than from serving as technical translators in their respective fields . Despite the fact that the average pay for government translators 7

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is not as high as the average for government scientists, there seems to be a very low rate of turnover among government trans- lators. Indeed, the facts are that the supply exceeds the demand. Although there is not now on hand at the U.S. Employment Service (Washington, D.C.) a single request for a full-time translator, there are approximately 500 translators on its rolls who desire work (part time or full time). (For the availability of translators and their languages, see Appendix 8.) 8

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civil service