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OCR for page R1
Alternative
Applications of
Atomic
Vapor Laser
Isolop
TechnOl°9U
epa ratio n
A Report Prepared by the
Committee on Alternative Applications of Atomic
Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Technology
Energy Engineering Board
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington D.C. 1991
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NOTICE: The project that is the subj eat of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National
Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Eng~neenag, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible
for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by
a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy
Of Eng~neenug, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating someW of Lists shed
scholars engaged In scientific and eng~neenng research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology
and to they use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Confess In 1863,
the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters.
Dr. Frank Press Is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineenag was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel org~7ation of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration
and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising
the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at
meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of
engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the
services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the
health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by
its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identity issues
of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is the president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate
the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and
advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy,
the council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Academy of En~eenng in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and
eng~neenng communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
Dr. Prank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National
Research Council.
This is a report of work supported by Contract No. DE-AC03-90SF18536 between the U.S. Department
of Energy and the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Energy Eng~neenng Board
Commission on En~eer~ng and Technical Systems
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed ~ the United States of America
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COMMITTEE ON ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS OF
ATOMIC VAPOR LASER ISOTOPE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
C. BRADLEY MOORE (C7tainnan), Dean, College of Chemistry, University of California-
Berkeley, Berkeley, California
ANTHONY J. DeMARIA (Hce-Chai~nan), Assistant Director of Research for Electronics & Photonics
Technologies, United Technologies Research Center, Fast Hartford, Connecticut
RICHARD L. ABRAMS, Chief Scientist, Hughes Research Laboratones, Hughes Aircraft Company, Malibu,
California
WALTER H. BERNINGER, Manager, Eng~neenug Physics Research Center, Research and Development
Center, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York
MARTIN BLITHE, Deputy Director, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
RICHARD W. DAVIS, Phillips Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
ERSEL A. EVANS, Retired Vice President and Laboratory Technical Director, Westinghouse Hanford
Company, Consultant, Kennewick, Washington
RICHARD R. FREEMAN, Head, Electronics Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories' Holmdel, New
Jersey
JOHN M. GOOGIN, Senior Corporate Fellow, Martin Manetta Energy Systems, Ince, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
ANDREW KALDOR, Director, Resource Chemistry Laboratory, Exxon Research & Engineering Company,
Annandale, New Jersey
MARVIN Me MILLER, Senior Research Scientist, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambndge, Massachusetts
JAWS E. SMITH, Senior Director, Imaging Agents R&D, Medical Products Department, E.I. du Font de
Nemours & Co., Inc., North Billerica, Massachusetts
DALE F. STEIN, President, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
ROBERT J. VON GU~ELD. IBM T. J. Watson Research Laboratory, Yorktown Heights, New York
N~on~l Research C~nci] Staff
KAMAL J. ARAJ, Sway Director, Energy Engineering Board
JAN C. KRONENBURG, Study Assistant (to February 1991)
SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, Study Assistant
·.-
111
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ENERGY ENGINEERING BOARD
JOHN A. TILLINGHAST (~ai'7nan), Tiltec, Portsmouth, New H=npshire
DONALD B. ANTHONY, Consultant, Houston, Texas
RICHARD E. BA=HISER, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
BARBARA R. BARKOVICH, Barkovich and Yap, Consultants, San Rafael, California
JOHN A. CASAZZA, CSA Energy Consultants, Arlington, Virginia
RALPH C. CAVANAGH, Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, California
DAVID E. CO=, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
H. M. HUBBARD, Midwest Research Institute, Golden, Colorado
ARTHUR E. HUMPHREY, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (to February 1991)
CHARLES IMBRECHI, California Energy Comm~on, Sacramento, California
CHARLES D. KOLSTAD, University of fllino~s' Urbana, Illinois
HENRY R. LINDEN, Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
JAMES J. MARKOWSKY, American Electric Power Seance Corporation, Colurn bus, Ohio (to February 1991)
SEYMOUR L. MEISEL, Mobile R&D Corporation (retired), Princeton, New Jersey
DAVID L. MORRISON, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
MARC H. ROSS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
MAXINE L. SAVITZ, Garrett Ceramic Component Division, Torrance, California
HAROLD H. SCHOBERT, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
GLEN A. SCHURMAN, Chevron Corporation, San Francisco, California
JON M. VEIGEL, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
BERTRAM WOLFE, General Electric Nuclear Energy, San Jose, California
She
ARCHIE L. WOOD, Executive Director, Commission on Engineering and Technical
Systems =d Director, Energy Eng~neer~g Board (to January 1991)
MAHADEVAN (DEV) MANI, Director, Energy Eng~neer~g Board
KAMAL J. ARAJ, Senior Program Officer
ROBERT COHEN, Senior Program Officer (retired)
GEORGE ~OS, Senior Program Officer
JAMES J. ZUCCHEl1O, Senior Program Officer
JUDITH A. AMRI, Adminictrative/Finanmal Assistant
THERESA M. FISHER, Administrative Secretary
JAN C. KRONENBURG, Ac~mini~trative Secretary (to February 1991)
PHILOMINA MAMMEN, Administrative Secretary
NANCY WHITNEY, Administrative Secretary
1V
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ASMI American Society for Metals International
AVLIS Atomic vapor laser isotope separation
CALEOT Center for Applications of Laser and Electrooptics Technologies, LLNL
CANDU Canadian deutenum uranium reactor
CRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
cw Continuous wave
DOD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DUV Deep ultraviolet
FWHM Full width half maximum
HDTV Higl~-definition television
IC Integrated circuit
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
MLIS Molecular laser isotope separation
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
M=F Mean time between failures
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ORAL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Prf Pulse repetition frequency
PSP Plasma separation process
PUREX Plutonium/uranium extraction
R&D Research and development
RGU Reactor-grade uranium
SWU Separative worlc unit
TRUEX Transuranic extraction
WGU Weapon-grade uranium
v
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Acknowledgments
The committee thanks the AVLIS staff at LLNL for their extensive briefings, written documents,
and frequent help ~ colDecting the information needed for completion of this report.
The committee wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of the following
orgy lions which provided information on various topics of interest dunug the course of this study:
Ames Laboratory., AT&T Bell Laboratories; Babcock & Wilcox Battelle Pacific Northwest
Laboratones; Brookhaven National Laboratory, General Electric Co.; Idaho National Eng~neenng
Laboratory, KMS Fusion Inc.; Martin Marietta Energy Systems; Science Research Laboratory, Inc.;
SD Laboratories, Inc.; Texas Instruments; Westinghouse-Energy Systems; Westingl~ouse-Hanford
Company, Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Company, Inc.; and Westinghouse-Savanna}~ River Company.
V1
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Preface
The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate possible alternative applications for the
atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) tec~hnolo~ for uranium enrichment and plutonium
purification developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL3 and to recommend steps
needed for further development of the most promising applications (see Appendix B for Statement
of Task). This report provides a brief summary of the technology and subsystems that have resulted
from the major development program at LLNL.
The committee considerM many suggested applications, some of which have been recommended
for further study or development. Recommendations also include mechanisms to enhance the
effective utilization of existing facilities and the timely transfer of technologies to U.S. industry. For
those unfamiliar with AVLIS technologies, it is hoped that this report will also provide a useful
starUng point for considering other possibilities.
C. Bradley Moore, Chainnan
Committee on Alternative Applications of Atomic
Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Technology
ee
V11
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