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Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 SENSITIVITY OF THE SPACE PROGRAM TO
WEATHER ELEMENTS
Historical Perspective, 10
Weather Factors Important for Space Operations, 12
Climatology of Critical Weather Elements, 16
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2 ORGANIZATION OF WEATHER SUPPORT SERVICES 20
Weather Observations, 22
Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 24
Applied Research, 25
3 OBSERVING SYSTEMS
Upper-air Soundings, 28
Boundary Layer and Surface Weather, 30
Precipitation, 32
Lightning, 33
Cloud Electric Fields, 35
Other Weather Elements, 35
4 ANAI,YSIS AND FORECASTING SYSTEMS
Data Acquisition and Display, 38
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Local Objective Analyses, 39
Interactive Forecast Systems, 40
Mesoscale Forecast Models, 41
IMPLEMENTATION OF APPLIED RESEARCH,
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND TRAINING,
AND EXPERIMENTAL FORECASTING
Applied Research and Forecast Facility (ARFF), 44
Observing Systems and Technique Development
(OSTD), 48
Forecaster Education and Training, 49
Cooperative Applied Meteorology Program
(CAMP), 49
Weather Support Advisory Committee, 51
APPENDIXES
A Letter from NASA to the Academy Requesting
Establishment of Pane!
B List of Attendees and Participants
C Recommendations from the Report of the Space Shuttle
Weather Forecasting Advisory Pane!
D Proposed Weather Factors Governing Launch Commit
Criteria and Flight Rules
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