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- - 22 Exhibit 13 _ T.~lIN~IOGY 0F SI:lEI`.I}~RY ROCK;, 1937-1939 F. J . Petti j of Univorsity of Chicago, Chic&go, Tll'r.ois The ndnera1ogy of the sedimentary rocks is sometimes thought to be just the Seder of the chewy minerals" of the sedimonts, partic1l1arly of the sands. In the broadest senso, however, fit includes the composition of all sediments including the loss colon typos such as coal, photo, salines, etca In this bibliography the mineralogy of common sediments only is ~hasizod a~ the tochnia.,ues applicable to such materials are Mauri owed ~ ~ survey of the published Caners of the Cast three vears reveals significant trends. Clay-mineral research deserves special mention. The newer todhn~ques of s~plo treatment and the rosined optical, chc~ical alla X-ray methods hairy made possible the progress show in this difficult field. During the past talc years, the Nobly of the fu~lor's earths ~s boon given ~ch attention (65, 77, 92, 1Ol) and it Is apparent that montmor~llonite, the chief clay mineral of these deposits, can for fr=. several types of per ant mat will. min=als are, in some places, precipitate from solution seems certain (114' 133~. 33=orimenta1 to~.ticn of the clay minerals by hydrothe~1 action is of ~ntorest to students of ore deposition as wo11 as those of clay Minoans (103) ~ ~e description ~d ~d~tification c't the "soricito-like" clay Dingy of shales, n=~d illite, by GriE' =~d his associatos (60) arid the excoll=t sundry of tho p:ccs~t state, of our knowledge of the clay Tires and their problems by Grin (58) care givers in two outstanding papers Axe the field of clay-nunera1 investigation. Several stew summaries also merit attention (31, 4~, 9~3, 141' IBM. X-ray studies (17, 63, 69, lob) of the structure of the clay minerals continue to advanea our understands of their properties and affinities. Other cl~y~inoral studies are also rid (3, 4, 52, 59, 61, 76, 117, 155, 143) . ~e tochn~ques of minora1 separation, mounting, identification and frequency determination continue to receive attention. The papers by Tylar a~ t.~=rsd on (140) and Grout (62), prepared for tho Committee. on the Accossory Ir~ls' are the best a~ roost complete crit~ca1 reviews of - the 7abor£~to~rymethads published in recant years. Othor techr~ique papers include those related to separation problems (1~, 28, 47, 56, 67-68, ~52) , sample ap]~tting ~5), mounting ~123, 147), optico.l identifi- cation (34), staining (75), dote:min~tior of minor. frequency (36, 54, , That beid<311~e and =me odor clay At, Oth or techninu ~
E~ibi t B _ __ 23 -- 70' 9S, 122). I;;Iieropyc~cz:~etr~r ~d density dete:emination hairs recentered special ~rnl3hasis of late (fit 115 72' (IS, 158). Iloteworthy also is tile trend toward the adoption o~ the frequency scale and ~neth.od of plotting of Evans' layman and Reed (Wo-] 8 Pe~trol~llm Congress, vol. ~ ~ 1933, London, p. 251-256) as shown by the papers by Carroll (23, 24>, ~r~l;hs (57), and others. In these instances the method of plotting, devised for stratigraphic problems, is used for ar¢al relet' ons a:~ As; not c~ ~ e to the orig~r=1 work of :E0vans and assoc~atos. ~thigenes~s and authigenic minerals also recoined co-~sid=~ation. Of special interest is the high authige:nic feldspar content of shales (en), the Suggestion that authig~.nic feld:~ar is diagnostic of marine sedr~mta- tion (333, the outgrowths on zircon (1243, the relation of ~ntrastratal solution and :rainaral freo~uencies (125), authigenic titanium minerals (2l, 107), authig;enic dolom.~e in glaoio~acustrine silts (1183, a now stud~- of loucoxeno (13g) ~ aM a new X0G=6 0t authigOnic tousling (97) . The auconitc problem contin:ues to roccivo attont~on (2, 51, 60, 1327. The problem of mineral stability aM persistence has merited t~al`y attention from several workers. Ace stability of minerals under-weath.e'- i~; conditions was the subject of &O especially thorough petroch=ic~ study by Goldich (53), from which study- a Umin~a:t stability sorts, identical in species a~ order with the' ''roaction series" of tho ignocus potrdiogists, ~ noticed out. RussOll's suds of tho .7~!ississipvi Rive sands (ilk) is tho most i';~pc:>rtant paper or mino:cal pcx~s~sionce in strew since ~ckie's won't 0~3. the Scottish rivers. Russell depreciates the role of abrasion or breakage in the elind~tion otmineral species . . . during transport. The conclusion to which us self was forced, namely, the olimination of contain spocice by solution following the deposition of the sediment, rocoivos support Ram ~=thsonts work on tho Estuarina series cot Yorkshiro. Smithson (125) showed that the :*richr~oss of thy suitor of hungry ndnorals was in con s,dcrablc paw duo to intrastratal solution. Exporim`3~1 work on resistance to wind abrasion is the Reject of the study by hassled alit Woodruff (963. . . ~ithson's paper is one of the most stimulating and original papers and is therefore revel at leach. It is a Angularly bike example of- t:~e trend, pointed: out by this reviewer in his last report (104), toward collection of quantitative data on the mineral composition of sed~- monts and the preparation of isopleth was to show such data. kot~ne~ f:euit~l Ad unusually co~pleto study is tat of Boa'< (6) on the bottom sediments of the southern: Nor to Sm. The motI=ds end philosophy of the 33dO1n~n school of spry petrol ogi sts pro we11 statea ~n this paper. The value of heavy mineral percentages i ~ exceptionally IBM show by the papas of Russell, Smithson Lana Beak. The study of accessory Dineros of sediments is now Ural more oxtmsively in the study of g;lacia1 geology and its p3~=s Am, 49,. 57,
}bible B _ . . . _ 81, 84) (soo also I~.ynin`3, ^. Jour. Scz., vol. 33, 1937, p. 111-1393 as well as to the o~ucidation of ordinary strat~graphic problems and paloo- geography ~ 12 ~ 16, 20 ~ 25 ~ 37, 42 ~ 71~ 73 ~ 89, 94, 113 ~ 128 ~ 130 ~ 144 150), economic geology (85) and industry (44, 50). . , , Iho imp ortanco of sc>di~no=tol¢~gy and the interest in this fiord are demonst}~ated.not only by the large Further of papers published ~n recent years, but also by the appearmuce of a number of larger works devoted entirely or in co~iderab~e part to this sub ject. These include Barth, Correns, and E6kola, 'nester der Gesto~no" (8), ~bein and Petti30hn, 'manual of Sedimentary Petrography" (82), a second edition of l~cI;el~ 's "termination of the Fr=ontal :!locks" (134), Trask And collaborators "Recent Dire Scdimonts" (157), ~ third oration of Thatch Id R.astal1 (revived by Slick) "Potrology of thc Sodixnontory Rocks" (66), am W. H. Tw=hotei 'tPrinciplos of Sedimontat~c:~138~. Tho rogulor aberrance of ~e reports of the Co~nn~1ttee on Sedimentation and the publication of a sprig "Sediment Heft" of Geolo;;,~sche Rundschau (1938) are farther witness to the virility awl promise of the study of sedi=.~onts. . . . . .. . Acknowledgment is ;herob~y made to the Geological Society of ~rler~ca for certain references included ~n this bibliography. ~ch roforences, not examined by the minor, care marked with ,'G. S. h.t' enclosed: ~n paren- theses following the retercece in question. 1. Align, Honrictto and Vatan, A.. Contritu Lion a ~ ' Etude petrographiqlle dos sables stamp' ens. Soc. Gcol. France, B. s. 5, i. 7, p. 141-162, 1937. . . . . Heavy m~no~l and grain sizo &.ll~l7SOS, Bra =~?holocy ~ St=`pinn (terti~ry3 sands of the Paris basin, :Fra::co. If. S. A.) . ~. . . .. 2. ^11~n, Victor T.: ~ shady of Missouri glauco~t0. An. Mineral., vol. 22, p. 11~-13 83, 1937. Tho absence of rutilo roodlos cold the low i;~tania contort of the glue of tho Bounetorre dolomite of t~.tIissouri led ^13= to doubt ~ bauxite origin for the s Edge, such as was postulctod by Gali5:her for the glauconits of Montoray Bay, California. ~ biotito origin for the glaucon~te-like min=~1 coated the s=facc of the sand grains in too upper port of the St. Pot On is likewise doubtful accord: to =1~. On tho other hand, the gl~.uconito of the Portors CrecI; and the Clayton fo~tioins (Eocono) of I.~issouri could . . . . . . well have forr,~d: from biot-ito as contained rutted x:codlos Ad : associated heavy minor~ls of metamorphic origin sit, . - · . .. . .
Whit it B 3. -- 25 - : The Cheltenham clay of Missouri. Appendix 7, . 59th i3~enni~ Rept. Missouri Gool. Survoy arid flitter -resources, 1937. We Cheltenha~ clay of Penns,~,rlv~a~ian age contains valuable commercial flint Id plasti c fire clays in east ce~-ltr~ ~isso~i. This report contains ~nfo~ation concerting the occurrence and mineral composition of the Cholto~ara clays and should be valuable in the exploration, utilization, and solution of problems rolotod to the bur3:~irg behavior of these clays. The flint clays are colored mainly of ~lloysi te am mi cros copi c kaolinit e . The pi asti c clays are composed chiefly of k~ol'~ito with scam quartz and smaller amounts of ~ sericite-like mineral and minor accessory :~3~norals. The clay m' n¢rals deposited to form tho Cholic~hom wore derived by Authoring of the sericite-liko Anoraks in the clayey, dolo:nitic la~n~cstones of isS~Puxi, and tho rcsid~1 =antlo below the Pennsylvanian contains these m~ncraa ~ and pet ch¢s of the soric~to-liko m~er.~.~1 altered to koolinito. Disconfotmchly above too Choltenh~n Biro ~;xcon Ad gray clays composed of tho sericite-11~e r=~oral, kaolinito, and quartz that were crodod from the lowor part of the rogolith Ad from the Cheltonh~n - author 's abstract. 4. ^antanc.ray<=a Iyer, ANTI. R.: On the possible ocotu~rc~ace a~ co~posi- t~vn of ~ now kind of m~or£~1 substance ire. SQ=O clays. t..{j.ysorO Geol. :~opt., Roc. v. 36, p. 108-117, 1938. ~ G.S .A. ~ 5. Anonymous: Splitting ~11 silos ~ccuratol~y with the micro-spl~ticr. Em. tvill~ TOUR., vol. ITS, p. 185-186, lg37. The nocossity for accuratcl-~- t.~;ir~ small plus for Ct1~1C~ and microscopic analysis is cmphasiz'3d. Tho problom of taking small sompl£'s is solved by maws Q t~ micro-split/or of miniature Jones type riffle wilt up from natal paw cut Id bolted together in ~ manner very similar to the Otto I~6icrosplit (Joint. Sod. Potrology, vol. 3, p. 30, 1933~. 6' Bask, J. A.: Rogiona1 petrology of the southern Forth Sea. Wag eking en, 1937 ~ ?), pp. 127. This work Is prefaced with ~ review of the philosopher and methods of the :E:de~man school of sedimentary petrology. lhe definition Qua a sedimentary petrologic province, the criteria for the ~ .-_ delineation of ~ province, the several kinds of variations in Mineral as so ci ati ons and thoi ~ c ~ scs are bri oily rovicwod. Tho :mot ho d used Is t,':at of common practice with the exception of ~ rather drastic
-- 26 -- Exhibit B digest of the sand first with concentrated HC1 Id then with EJO~. No separation into sizes is Garde. One hundred grains of non-opaque minerals are counted. Both light a~ heavy fractions wore ex~n¢d. : The mineral composition of over 400 samples is tabulated. . . . ; . . .: . . i : Fo3zlowing; a repin ct al n former stud es of the pathology of the North Soa bottom am mrroundi~ coasts, Beak presents his data based on. the study of over lOOO samples. Five provinces Or mineral assoed;at.ion type me Recognized, .n~mely, an F-~;ro up. marked by a gqx~et - epidot-sau$~r~te-ho~blende assQc~ati ion, an A-group- mainly g;~net-ep~dote-~rnblende' ~ grip Wilt a garnot-aug~to association, a~North Under group, s~;=lar to recent Rhine sand and.marked by ax aug~te~hornblende-saussurite association, arm lastly a bottom type. of. Tertiary dertrat~;on marked .~,J a z~rc~-garx~et-~tile assemblage. The r.egionaQ di stributi-on of tho associations ma the mixed border typos are described Id mapped.. Special discussion is gi.ven.of the Dutch aM French coastal zones. . -- . A chapter is devoted to the deseription.of the minerals identified. Over 30 species and varieties and rock fragments are recognized. Finally;a section on the..geologic Houston of the North Sea basin aids probable sources.of the several ~:ue=:L associations is . . .. . . . . . . . . . . outlined. Basically the North. Sea bottom,. is a sub~.,erged landscape and not an area in which sedimentation ~s taking place on ~ large scale. Hence the bottom deposits do relate to the later :;eologic I}~stor:r of this areas .: The A-grollp is mainly glacial from ScaxLdanavia;; ;the E-group is also~glacicl but of English Id Scottish origin, -the Tertiary group is locally derived from Tertiary sub- agueous outcrops; the H-g;roup is ~ Mingling of ~ino-type sand with subordinate-flu~oglac~.~1 ~teri~1 who n the Riss ice blocked the North Sea and forced the drainage through .the English Channel; the North timider group is ~ sand deposited by the Rune dur'~.a "low terrace" stage. Bannister, F. A. and hey, he lI.: ~ Ash micro-pyRnocnetric method for the specific gravity of heavy solids; ~th a note on the accuracy of specific grayly dote~minations. Mineral. Rag., . VQ). 25, p . 30-34 j 19~ . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Barth, T. ~ Corrals, C. and Esko~a, P.: vail Clues 422 pp. Berlin, 1939. . . . , . Dio Enstelmn~ der Ges . This volume consists. of three parts' on. the igneous' the sedimentary and:met~o~ph~e rocks, written by Barth, Correns and
~hitit B - -- 2 7 -- Ursula, respect rely. - The pa:: t dealing with the sediments is ~n four sections. The first section on weathering followers the usual treatment with perhaps a little more emphasis on the ~;eochemica;L aspects than is common in texts. T'ne second section, on classic sediments, is ~ discussion of the mass transport of material in light of mod=n hTdro- dynamic theory and also ~ discussion of the "George" of the classic rocks, and finally a resume of the characteristics of the principal types. ~e chum; cat and b~oge:~' c sedi~-~nts, Portia the sub Jack of the-third section, are handled in forms of "geoch~ Cal cycles." The phase relations involved in salt deposition receive ample treat;mant. Theses elements which participate ~n che~,ical-biogen~c cycles but which do not form deposits, such as bromine, barium, etc., are given special attention. A final section on diagenesis concludes the part dealing With sodim~ts. Tho quantitative approach is emphasized through; by the nitrous tables, cats and-d~agrar~. 9. Barkedale, Julian D.: Silicitied wooden dolonite. am. Olin., vol. 24, p . 69g-704, 1939 . 10. Baudre, G. and Berthois, L.: . Cont~=butiorl a l' etude de quelques sables du department de la Blanche. Soc. Linn. Nor~andie, 33. s. 8, vol. . 9, p. 89-102 1 1937. 11. Behrens, Martin and Holzuer, Julius: :Eine Schnell- used ~omethode zur Besting des Suez. Gewichts von Minezalien und Gesteinsk=ponenten. Zentr. Bin., Abt. A, p . 373-384, 1937 . ~ rapid method for the determination of the specific gravity of small samples of Lateral. Too pieces of apparatus, (1) to make at'd~fusion" col,~Tun in a centrifuge tube, and (2) a pipette-manometer to Ample and measure density in column at any level. 12. Bellair,- Pierre: Sur yes Iotas- sableuses de 1a Masse Provence ori~tale. Acad. Scot . Paris, C. B. t . 205, p . 999-1000, 1937 . The sanely sediments of the Terrub~ Donation, Provence, are assigned to the Permian on the basis of their heavy mineral content. Comparisons are made between the minerals of the sands in question Id thos ~ o ~ b oth 33oceno ~d Fermi an age . 13. : Was cents lourds den ~ es sables d~sertiques. Acad. act . Paris, C. Pt. t. 207, no. 22, p ~ 1054-1056, 1958.
if O<] - - ~ ~ - - E~ib~t. B ~_ ; . Detelmir~tlon of Me heavy mineral fractions of two grasps .0t So fry the .~hara D.es=~.. : . 14. Berg, Ernst: ~ method for the mneralog~ca1 fractionation of sediments by m~ of heavy liquids and the centrifuge-. J . Sed. Petrology, ~1. ~ ~ p. 51-54 ~ 1937 . The minerals that settle from heavy lia,,uid to the lower ma of ~ common centrifuge tube Star run may be removed by pipette designed by Berg. The constriction and use cuff this pipette are dosc3:ibed. 15. Berthoi s, L. and Furnestin, ~ .: Etude des . sediments - dresses par lo President Theodore Tillier (Plateau Continental Colte-~ncho et Mer du Nord).. Acad. Sci. Paris, C. R. t.. 20d, p. 1876- ~ 878, 1937 . A study. af the bottom samples collected bar the President Theodore Till' e' from the contln=tal plateau Celte-;~.anche and the North Sea shows four sedated types. The authors, unlike Eden man (42 7 43) and Bay, (6) conclude tat the quantitative mineral composition of a Wayne sand is not Efficient to detonnine its origin. 16. Bohmer, J. C. A.: Over de potrologische Sarnonstelli~g van de ou~artalre sodi~cut¢n in noordolij~ Ned~land. Guile & ~jubouw, 's-~rav~age, fig. 16? nos. N 1, 1937. 8, p . 6C-64, 0 1, . .. . . . . - On the petrologic composition of the early Qua ternary sediments of north;:e~ Netheriands. (G. S. A.) . . . .. . . 17. Bragg, William H.: 1. G1a'Je Roy. Inst. Great Britain, Pr. v. 30, pt . 1, no . 140, p . 39-67 ~ 1938. X-ray analyses to determine estructura1 properti es of claym~nerals. be. S. a-.) 18. Brammall, A.: The correlation of sediments by mineral criteria in The science of petroleum (Dunstan ~d others). -; v. 1, p. 312-314, London, 1958. hi. S. I.)
exhibit B , _ -- 29 - 19. Bray' A.: Structure and non-calcaroous residues of the Carboniforons limes tone ct the Clitheroe area. p . 423~30, 1959. Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. 50, Samples collected from each inch or two across each stratum were crushed and dissolved in dilute BC1. Me liquid was decanted from the residues which were then elutriated Id droll which material larger tan .02 am. was separated into light and hungry fractions. Detrita' material - o:~;cept in the shyly beds - was. very Mall in quantity and detrita] mineral species are accordii~ly very rare. Secondary mineral s, namely, pi - to, fluorite and some quartz, are locally abundant. The limestones are interpreted as (l ~ black muds of shallow water origin with Cal careou~ rains of tora=niferal tests j etc., (2) reet-knolls marked by reef~bullding foes and by deity of true laud, and (3) relatively non-foss~l~terous well- bedded limestone 'devoid of Scaly material aid toraminif~al remains. .. 20. Brin~an. R.: Schwe~inerale und Palaor:so~raPhie. Geol. Bur~dsch. Bd. 29, p. 3468-356, IO38. Study of the occurrence of heavy minerals in sediments is an aid in interpreter paleogeography, shown by analyses of Mesozoic sediments of northwest Germany. 21. Butterfield, T. A.: B:rook~te in the brim stone G:=t of Yorkshire. Geol. Sage, vol. 76, A. 220-22S, 1939. In the Pen=na area the Millstone Grit is rich in titanium minerals. The bookie present shows a variate 0[ habits, namely, (3) a grime type, , . a d~b-bell habit, (2) a lattice type, a bundle type, and (5) a cluster type. In addition some brookites have ususual markings and colorations and still another type i s marked b y opt ical anomaly es . The stratigraphic distribution of the varietal forms is satirized in quantitative manner in a table. 22. Carroll, Dorothy: Come aspects of soil mineralogy. Roy. 5oc. Western Australia, T. v. 23, p. 7-12, 1957. Investigates heavy mineral assemblages from soils of several West Australian localities with ~ vierr to detent, the nature of the parent rock. (G. S. A.)
-~ 30 -- prohibit B _ _ 23. : Recording the results of heavy mineral analyses. ~ . . en J. Sed. Pot3~olo'gy, vol. 8, p. 3-9 ~ 1938. Ibe heavy manuals of the soil s of the Wostorn Australian goldfiolds were isolated and about 500 grains counted. Ire mineral frequencies were grouped into three sub-grmps and the composition of each sample was rspresentod by a point on ~ trade diagram. Two fisids Wor& ow dent, namely, a "Gro¢nstono" Bell and a t?graniti c, gneiss! c and mota-s Dry" field. ~ rr oditi cation of tho method of the Bush Oil Company (florid Potrol. Oo~. Proc., vol. 19, 1935, p. 251) was also used. (Iroal Lathe than strati- graphic position make the "curares" obtained by this method meani~- less -F. J. P.) 24. 25. Beach sands from :~3~bur~r, Western Australia. . . . . . Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol ~ 9 ~ p ~ 95-104 ~ 1939 ~ Sixteen sales of beach sand were sieved (We~dworth scale) and the equivalent grade and grading factor determined. Tile sands from beaches Prosed to the open sea were in general coarser than those tram the somi-enclosed bay. Heavy minerals from two grades wore isolated. Species idontit~ed Marc :~agnotite, i~on~' calcite, amphibole, to~&line, ~ oucoxene, garnet, epidote, kyanite, ziroon, Utile, monazite, zoisite, stau:mlite, silliman~te, sphere, apatite, pyroxene, spiel, topaz?, and corundum. The light minerals and the carbonate cont eat wore also did. The Recut deposits of the coastal plain, the local tholoiito flow, Permian sandstonos, the pro-Cambrian oft tho :~e,xU~ scamp and plateau, the pr-Cambrian guesses of the Nat~al~ste area am even the local breakwater all sem to have contributed to the salads. : ~ note on the mineralogy of the Gibbon Chalk, Western Australia. Proc. Geo].. Assoc., vol. 50, p. 226, 1959. Samples of the Cretacoous origin Chalk were reduced in acid, the residues dried, sieved and the h - vy manuals isolated by bromofo~m. }leavy minerals identified Ad described were "opaques," zircon, garnet, Futile, to~alino, epidote, a~phibo.le Ad chlorite, Sphere, lactase, kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, brookite and monazite. Light Minoans include glauconite, quartz ~d feldspar. Lost of the species are detrita], though some (glauconite and the tita:~iterous g~c~up) are authigenic. lye distributive province at the sc~ty heavy mineral residue is not Ce~J idmlifiod.
Exhibit B _ 26. vol. 76, p. 6-22, 19~39. -- 31 -- 1.~ovement of sand by the wind, Geol. Wag., Its sand on the beach near Perth, Rested ~ustra3.ia, was examined in detail. Wind velocities rm,uired for cloy one nt wore. recorded. I''1echan~ca:1 analyses the 17 samples are tabulated and axe represented by We curves and h~tog;ra:rs. I~e roundness of the grains (estimated) and the heavy minerals of the sands were d etexmined and tabulated. The ,~orrolations betwoon sand novomor~ and dampness, size, roundness, mineral composition,, End velocity arid ~rariati~it,,: are briefly summarized fry the data gown in this study. 27. Cleaves, Arthur B.: Discussion c,£ 'tCond~tions of sedimentation And sources of the Oriskany sandstone as indicated by petrology'' by Marce11us B. Saw. 13u11. A. 4. P. G., val. 22, p. 1108- 11 ~ 1, 1938 . I,16~nly a criticism of the st~at~graphic part on Stow 'a paper. Z8. Cohee, George V.: Intensive equipment for reclaiming; heavy liquids. Joy . Sed . Petrology, Carol. 7, ~ . 54-35, 1957 . Cohee unifies the oft described technique of removing the alcohol in br~nofo~ or acetylene tetrabror;~de bar washing It water. The apparatus co mists of ~ inverted 2-1~ter reagent bottle supported bar ring stand from Each the heavy liquid hay be conv=~ent- ly draw af ter s eparc;tion f rc`n the ~1 sion we ~h water . 29 . : Sedi`.~nts of the su~x~arine c=yons off the California coast. Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. 8, p. 19-33, 1938. The sediments in the numerous subr~ar~no canyons off the California coast may be ch£~racte~zed as sad, Mostly fine sand, mth an abundance of silt aM sore May. They are ~n general very well sorted. Rock trag~e;lts and boulders have been dredged from many canyons. Bed rock' crops out ol1 the sates of Monterey, Carme1, and Scripps canyons. The median grain sizes in the canyons are slightly lower than on the adjacent is of the shelf. There are variations in Bedim grain sizes in the canyons but the: e ~ s It always a decrease in median grain size ~th increasing depth. Short cores fry 9i:re Bill mn-yon showed no stratification of the sediments. Heavy minerals melee up only ~ very small part of the sediments. Authigenic minerals Clod organic material are common
-- 32 -- .. A. Exhibit B ~n the deep or porti offs of the canyons. The c alc~.,m carbonate contort ;; incro~ses with depth dale to incroast3 in abundanoo of or&;anisr~s - - Author's abstract. . . . . . . - · . . . . · . · , ! ' . , Statistical constants (median and coefficients of sorting and ~ :~3~vne5~) 'are Live tor''45 bottom''s~pl~3s and for three-port~ons : each of seven bore samples'. Analyses shown graphically' as. histograms. . . . '\aaln emphasis' on' mechanics 'analyses;' minor treatment of mammals. :~ .: : - . . ,. . , . , %,. . . . . 30. Oooke,'H. ':3. S.: ~ eyep iBC e micro-planir~eter. ' Mineral. I., "vol'. 25,; p. 388-3g4, 1938. · . · . . ... ..- . · - For a reel measurements v; ~ th petrographi c mi cro s cope . 31. Correns, Carl;W.:; 'Die Tone.''': Geo1.' Runaschau Bd. 29, p. 201-215, '' ' ' '' :~9563 - . . ~.. . · . r2 ~ Methods of study;' components of clays - residual, detrital9 and authige~c material, and b~ogenic and amorphous constituents; relation between mayoral content and grain sizes .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . ~ . . · . . ~ ,. : Zu:e Frag,e der Noubildung van Glimmer in . . ; jungBn ~edi~.ent=. 'Geol. :2unds'chau :~3d. 29, p. 220-222, 1938. Secondary for.~on of Icy in present~day sediments is Me - to change in the~physico-chemicalpropert~es clothe sediments. · . .. . : 33. Crowl'e~y, A. J.:,' Possible criteria for d~sti~u'~ing between marina and non-m~r~ne' sediments. Bull . A. A. :~. G., vol. ' 23, p.' 1716-ZO, Ig39. Orow1ey no~s that the Brine sediments exhibited e' ther (~) well formed enbedral crystal of feldspars, (2) new growth a:b out nucleus of c1astic [eldsp~s, or (3) aggregates of feldspar and/or quartz grains cernent<3a by secondary-growth feldspar. In no case see non-ma:r~ne sediments show those relations. One hundred samples wem examined. 34. Denae~,rer, E. and Gonieau,' ].: I,Iethode optique de d'~temination et tab1 eaus des minerals transparent s ou opsa,.ues dos . . . concentres des sables d~al'1uvions. Boo. Gcol. Bol~iq,ue, In. t. 60,: B. p."'i3-266-B-29G, 19'37'. ...... . , .. ; . ..
Exhibit B a_ 33 liLothod and tables for the microscopic determination of tr~s- parent and opaque minerals in alluvial sands. The procedure consists of (1) dying followed by sieving to r~r.~.ove gravel, (2) extraction of magnetic minerals, (3) t~act~onation with brm~oform (2.9), methynene iodide (3~3), cold Clerics solution (~.2) and hot Clerici solution (5), (~) preliminary microscopic examination of each separate, (5) extraction of moderately magnetic minerals in fractions over 3.3 in density, ( 6 ) e-~n, nation of a ports on o f each serrate in one, two, three or fur retractive index liquids (N ~ 1.54, 1.657 and 1.795 and 2.06) for approximate determination of index, (7) detenn~na- tion cf other optical characters, am (~) mounting of the opaque minerals In plastic, polisI}'ng the Saran and examination with metallurgi cal hi croscope. Preparation of the heavy arm refractive index liquids, remarks on the techniques ~^nplo~red, Ed remarks on the determinative tables conclude the papers A large chart shoring the several sub-~;roups defined by density and retractive indices together with tables of optical properties of each of the $ub-groups thus defined are appended. 35. Dorm, C. F.: Petrography of two Mississippi River Deltas. lea. Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 8, p . 339-402, 1936. (P`ewe~ved in Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. ?, p. 135, 1937) 36. Do1lar, A. T. J.: ~ integrating micrometer for the geometrical analysis of rocks. Mir~e:cal. t,Idg;., vol. 24, p. 577-594, 1937. . The integrating micrometer is desired to keel? a running total on from one to six c=.~ponents by the Delesse-:Rosiwal method . It differs fry other such micrometers in that it used the "travell'ng nut" method of mmsurir~ and summit lengths, it has only one micrometor screw, and in that it con be turned through 360° on the stage of the microscope. The design, described in detail, is illustrated by working drawings. Directions for operation and . . recording of resu.l ts are also given. 57. Dryd=, Lincoln am Hayden, Clarissa: (;trat~graph~c importance of heevy mineral studies in. the Philadelphia region. Proc. Penn. Acad. $ci ., vol. 12 , p . 97-105 , 1938. Tori s parer is largely a discussion- of the larger geology c problems of the Philadelphia region and the robe that heavy minerals might play in the solution of these problem. Preliminary work on the source of the Tr~assi c sediments, the <age of the rocks of the Piedmont and the source of the Coastal Plain sediments ~ s as yet inconclusive ~
-- 34 -- Philip B ~.. ,. . _ 38. 33ardley, A. J.: Onconsolida;ted sed~en~ts and topography c features of the Lower Yuk or: Valle,~,~ ( With p etrograph~ c dete~inat i ons by W. £. Runty. Geol. Soc. An., Bull. Carol. 49, ?. 303-342, 1938. fig. 40. Sews of Great- Salt Lake, Utah. Bull. _ . . . · . . . A. A. P. G., Sol. 22, p. ~ 305-141 7, ~ 933. This important paper embodies ~ cor.~pl~e investigation of the . sedimentary env~ro`=ent including hydrography of the lake basin, chemistry of tlie lake and araihage basin v`-aters? The biology of tl's lake waters and the physical an} cl~em~cal properties of the sedi- ments. · ,, , ··- · · ; The three common types of permanent sediments are described. These are (1) the clays, (2) the oolites, and (3) the calcareous algal deposits. rThO petrology of these deposits is treated more completely than in any hitherto published paper and the conclusions reached, as well as the description will be of interest to all sediment olog~sts . Sediments of. Great Salt Lake, Utah. Conwents. Bull. A. A. P. O., vol. 23, p . 1 089_1090, 1939. . · . · . . . . . . 41. .. Edel=,.an, C. To.: . Petrology of recent sands of the Rhine and ths Reuse 'n the Netherlands. your. Sed. Petr01~3~;y, vol. 8, p. 59-66, lg38. . . . . . . . . The Rhine sands are derived from aid Devonian and Carboniferous gray,racke, slates add basic eyes, glacial moraines and tho volcanic rocks of the RILenian massive. Etch has its own characteris- tic butte and province. These are, in turn, saussurite suite with associated 1 ight separate containing ~lagioclase and chalcedony; a garn~et-.epidot c-green hornblende suite. witl1 associated light separate contained red ortl?oclase; finally, a basaltic aug;ite and hornblende suite with Serene. Irene Rhine SQ=S SLOW ~ composition indicating derivation brow all these sources and varying de,gre'3s of mining. . . . . . . . . . . . The Effuse, unlike the Paine, shows different types of sand along deferent parts.o.f its course. Each is ;dete~ined by the nature of.the source materials through which the river i$:.~]OWI~. According to Oman ncither.the; Whine nor the Reuse succeeds in transporting any sand to the sea. Tile End of the estuaries is sea-sa:~d, not river sand.
Exhibit B 42. 43. -~ 35 -- : ~gebuisse den sedimentpetrologischen Forschung in den N' edex~a:aden und den ar~;renze:nden Gebieten ~ 932-1937 . Geol. Bausch. Bd. 29, p. 223-273, 1938. A scalar-; of tile work of }iXle~an and his students on the Tertiary and Recent sediments of the i~the:rlands and neighboring areas including the southern North Sea. (See Baak, 6) : Metrological relations of the sediments of the ~.. . . southern North Sea. Tn Recent Marine Sediments, Tulsa' p. 343-347, 1939. A brief s~nr.~ary of recent work on the sediments of the southern North Sea. Essentially an abstract of the larger work by Bask ~ 6 ~ ~ 44. Irons, P. C. alga Wilcox, Rater: h mineralogic study of silicosis. Am. coin., vol. 22, p. 256-267, 1937. 45. lSngelbardt, Wolf von: Ueber sit ikati sche To:~,~nerale. Fortschr. Joiner. Bd. 21, p. 276-540, 1937. General discussion of the properties, structure, and distribution of the various silicate clay minerals, including the development of I;r~owledge regarding Sheen; bibliography. (G. S. A.) 46. Erberich, Gunther: SedimentpetrographischeUntersucl~ungen an rezer~te3~ Rheinsanden vom Mainzer 13ecl~en bi s an di e Holla~sche Grenze, Decheniana Bd. 95, A, Geoff. Abt. p. 1-420, 1937. Petrographic study oI. recreant Rhine river sands fry the ll~inz basin to ~e boundary of the Matherlands. (G. S. A.) 47. Evans, R. C,: A:a alectrom~netic separator for mineral powders. Mineralogical Amp, vol. 25, p. 474-478, lg39. ~ separator in p~ncil~l.e similar to that designed by r~ll~mond Chin. I~a,g., vol. 22, p. 377, 1930~. The chief :~.~od~f,- cat;ions are that it is Store compact arm durable - capable of running; enemy hours, d~lst-proof and easy to clean, and with a mercury contact match to control the magnets and brushless production motor for the drive.
-- 36 -- Alibi t B __ _ . 48. Fiedler, A..: Sedineo~tpetrographische Gliederun~ der Geschiebe~ergel Mecklonburgs. Preuss. Gec1. Tend esanst., JO ~ 1936 ~ Bd. 57, p. 111-145, 1937. Correlation of the various meters of the Mecklenburg glacial till (Germany) by use of Bra: frequency determinations. Sin: principal mineral assemblages are recognized. =~e are based mainly on epidote-amp~bole-garnet ratios anti are shown to advantage on ~ triangle d~agr~. The aroal distribution of the she assemblages is sawn by means of appropriate symbols on a mcLp. The stratigraph~c relations of the several facies are determined [Tom borings and geologic relations. Mineral frequencies for over lOO samples from 67 loca:lLities are su~nar~zed in suitable tables. 49. Sedimentpetrograph~sche G] iederung der nordwest _~__ deutschen Reecho eb~merge~ (Abet. ~ Dout. Giso~ ~ Ges., Zs, B. 89, p. 561-562, lg37. Differentiates the bonder clam of northwest Germany, west of the Rostock-Leipzig region, by their heavy mineral content. 50, Foster, W. D. Ad Scarers, H. H.: Petrographic identification of atmospheric dust partied es . U. a. :~ t . I!tines, Rept # Investigations, 336S, 1938. The composition of air-borne industrial dust Is best deter- mined by means of petrographic microscope. rite seal 1 size of the quartz particles, however, renders identification difficult. The authors, therefore, recommend a modification of the ~.ethod of Marshall, i.e., mounting the dust in am immersion limed and using dark-field illuminate on. This meted, though ~ t fails to identity quartz as such, places an upper limit on the possible quartz content since all minerals with index the same as quartz are counted as quartz. Particles of but a fraction of a micron ,~ size can be seen and counted. IZodit~cation of tine method by use of a graduated series of liquids serves to identity other minerals. 51. Galliher, I:. blame: B~ot~te-glaucon~te transformat~ on and associated mineralse Tn Recent Anne Sediments, Tulsa, p. 512-515, 1939. Evidence of the fo~mat~Gn of glaucorite from blots ~s reiterated. X-ray analyses on the structure of glauconite by G=ner
Inhibit B _. . _ -- 37 -- are cited as con:tirmatory evidence of such relationship, though ex~in- ation of the Monterey Bay glau;cor~ite revea:Ls some differences between the Monterey material and true glauconita. 52. Garrison, d11~n D.: Surface chemistry of clays and shales. Mining Technology, vol. 3, p. 1-13, 1959. 53. Goldich, S. S.: A study in rock~weathering. Jour. Geol., vol. 46, p . 17-58, 19138. Four districts furnished samples for a study in rock-weathering. Mineralogical data and fourteen new chemical analyses are presented in tables and diagrams. He granite gneiss of Morton, Minnesota, shows a marked loss of soda and line in early stages of weathering but a more gradual loss of potash and balsa. lane purrers of the decomposition is interpreted from a series of six samples of residual clay. Kaolinite is an end product. New thence analyses of material from the Bedford, ~ssach~- setts, diabase are presented as a check on the older data. Ferrous and ferric ion dete:eminations on samples of database and of glacial till suggest that the till is less oxidized than the underlying database; indicate pre-glacial weathering at the diabase. A diabase on the north shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota, is weathered locally to a depth Of 40 feet but shows little chenical change except oxidation. An ~phibol~te from the Black Ills, South Dakota, yielded bs~dellite or related clay minerals by decomposition of its hornblende. Calcite has been leached, and other minerals attacked. On the basis of the present aM earl:Ler studies, a mineral- =_; is proposed. The arrangement of the common rock-fo~mingninerals in this series is found to coincide with the reaction series. Experimental work on the attack of sili- cate missals by water is in accord with the suggested mine: ral~ stability series.- Author's abstract. 54. Goldman, F. H. and DallaValle, J. it.: An accurate method for the determination of the components of a heterogeneous particulate mineral system. Ad. satin., vo1. 24, A. 40-47, 1939. Several hundred grains are identified, counted arLd the r,mxi~n "horizontal projection diameter' recorded. The medially of
Prohibit B I . . _ . ~ A.. the distribution and the geometric standard deviation were grapilically determined tro~ ~ special log-probability graph paper devised by Hatch. Prom the flues obtained' . 0, the diameter of ~ p`:rt~le hang the avorago volume, is ccql~puted. flowing D7 the n:w~be~ of particles of the specie; in question, the density of the species, and a shape [actor, the weight of the component is computed. The theory am practice of. tile Method are givm in detail. The method of calculation of a shape factor is also outlined. . . .. . . . 55. Goldthwait, J.. W. and Kruger, A. -by: . .. . . . .. . under the drift in New P~mpshire. vol. 49 , p .; ll83-11913., ~1938 . Weathered rock z~ and Geol. Soc. Em. Bull., Heavy mineral analyses me used to support other evidence of pro- or inter-glacial weatho~rir~ of bedrock bon=th fresh till. . 56. Granzig, _: New laboratory apparatus for magnetic station of mint minerals. Befall, used Erz, 34 (11), p. 280-282, 1937. · . . 57. Gx~ffi~ths, J. C.: The mineralogy of the glacial deposits of the region between the rivers Neat h Id Tow:, South Valise . . . . . Proc. Geol. Aesop., vol.. 50? A. 453-462, 193g. · · .... . · . This paper Bodies ~ successful attempt to trace the limits of glacial drift. sheets by moons of; the minerals car a particu- lar grade sized ; Two local ice caps combined wi th a continental (Irish sea ice] lobe of distant origin provide petro~;ra~hically distinct drifts. . The glacial caters involved furcticrLed as centers of ice acoumulat~on during TV distinct pert oafs. Two distinct spatial distributions of drift correspond with the two p eri od s of gel a ci ati on. . .. . - . :. tourer. 55 species of minerals were.-reco=-~zed and.described in detail.. The restive abundance, distribution and origin of the minerals are discussed in detail and show b:~.~eans of tables and charts . . . ; 58.. Grim, Ralph E.: Properties of clay. In Recent Marine.Sedi . . meats, Tulsa, p. 466-495, 1939. . : . . · · · - . Clays are agg;regates of minute crystalline particles of; one or more species of a sell ~;roup of minerals know as the . clay-~ne=l s. Three -im~?ort~nt aivi signs, the kaolin) te, the
E2rhib' t B __ 3g __ ___ _ montnorillonite and the illite sub-gro~u-?s, are recognized together with several unrelated Laciest The optical properties of the Gracious members of these sub-groups arc tabulated. ~ s11mrn~ry ~s also given of their chemical compo;si thou, base~exchan~o capacity, dehydration properties and lattice structure. The structure of cla- and relationship of mineral composition to the gross p:cope~t~es of clay are briefly stated, as is also the relation of the physical properties to the exchangeable bases. I~ne geological aspects of clay mineralogy-, such as distribution of the clay minerals, their In,. Id the Post-depositiona~ changes in argillaceous sediments, are adequately Ted. Mechanical analyses of clays are depreciated since such analyses are believed only to represent the degree of disaggreg;at~on, ever 160 titles is appended. ~ bibli ography of Grim, R. E. and Allen, V. T.: Petrology of the P~sylv~ian under- clays of I] lincis. GQO1. SOC. Ad. BU11., 901. 49, P. 1485- 1514, 1938. The results of a detailed petrologic ~nvest~;ation of underc~ays of various types occurring beneath the coals in Illinois are presented. The mineral composition of the clay grade was determined by optical, X-ray, arid chemical criteria, frec~ue:~tly follower sedimentation and supercentrifuge separations into fraciciomsuffic~entl,J simple neralogica11y so that the anal~,,rtica3L data could be definitely inter- preted. Constituents coarser than clef. were identified With the petro~;raphic microscope. . . ~. . . . Base-exc~;e capacity ~r21Ues and textural cnaracter~st~cs are presented ma discussed. The completely non-c alc~reous v'.~derclays occurring most . . cc~mmo~y beneath coal tio. 2 and older coals are composed largely of kaol~nite. Varying amounts of itlite and quartz are also present. Occasional beds are found in these underclass which are composed almost Wholly of ~ distinctive member of the illite clay mineral group. He ca:Leareous underclass and those grad~n,g from r~on- calcareous to calcareous which occur beneath Roger coals contain Allis as the essential clay mineral constituent. . . . . . . . . . . . _ Except for variations in the calcite and quartz content and a slight concentra- tion of limonita in ~ zone several inches below the coal, thee is loo evidence of variation ~n the mineral constitution or chemical composi- tion within beds of the latter u.adercla~,~s as they are traced downward from the overlying coal. The an£~Ical data definitely indicate no appreciable vertical variation of the cornp~etel~r non-calcareous underclass . Underclass seemingly Eve been subjected little or not at all to
- - .4o ' - - Alibi ~ . ~ _~ processes scalar to those forr;:ing modern soils. The significance of the petrographic: data on the origin and genesis of underclays is discllss- ed in detail - for' absl;;.act. - 60. Grim, :~. 33., tram. B. R., and. :E3radleg W. F.: - sediments. Am. Chin.-, Sol. 22, p. 813-829, 1937. The mica in argillaceous The "sericite-like" mineral of Various coils, clays and shales is named. illite. Relatively pure ~ llite cre3?-rations were made by means of the super-.centr~:tuge. optical prc~perti es, X-;ray diffraction data, chemical ana3yses,-deby~-atic~n curves, axed base-excha~e data show the nature of illite and the differences between this mineral and true sericite or Muscovite.; 61. Grind R. E.` Inner, J. A., and Bradley, VY. F.: Illinois limestones and dolomtes. . . . . p-. 829 - 843? 1937. - The clay minerals in Jour. Geol ., vol. ~45, Studies of the clay minerals contained in the fine fraction of tho insoluble residues from thirty-five Illinois limestone. and dolomite samples ropr¢sent~ the major stratigraphic units.of the Illinois geologic column reveal the Presence of Collate in all singles, kaolinite in tweeter ser~p~es, and beidellite (?) in three sandpiles. Couch of the illume ~ ~ thou£;ht l,o be authigen~ c and probably derived from beidellito; . the knoll ni to is cousido~od to be dotrita1. ECaolnn~te cha acte:~,zes all the Penns~yl-~anian and Silurian sables; studied. Some I`$iss~ss~pp~an and some De~Qni&n .; sample contain kaolinite, others do nut. The Grdovic~n singles contained only it lit e. : ;On the basis of data rel<~t~x~g to the climatic oonditions under which various clay Morals are boomed, it Is Believed that the joint presence of ~ llite and kaol:Luite in a formation indicates a bounce area some Ants of chicle had a bare climate and other parts .. . cool climate. The results of the study suggest Chat the cla~y-mineral data may be valuable for correlation purposes? Me: also that they are of considerable potential economic value ~ Authors' abstract. 62. Grout ? r. Fe: Acc.~=acy of accessory mineral met''~,ods. In Before of the Committee on Accessory dineros, for l9S6-1937, 7~tion~1 - ; · - - -~ ~ Res ear ch ; Council ~ 1Aiasl:~to:1 ~ p . 16-30, 1937 . Grout I.QAdO ~ spOciO1 study of sunlit, ~litti~ of powdered . . . . . samples, 1~gnet~c and heavy liquid separations, acid digest Ad methods
Exhibit B __ 41 _~ of estimation of proportions with special reference to the effects of shape arid size. Grout found that `. well-chosen sample of chips will represent; ~ large area of uniform looking rock. Careful use of tile Otto ~;:icrosplit solves Age problem of dividing a powdered sample, though the probable errors were fewer tharr 50G grains are isolated are large. I.~.~;net~c separation aids identification and saves time in counting. Errors are introduced, however, when the frequency es of the several fractions are combined. Centrifuging - th hear liquids did not appreciably affect the quantity of heavy minerals recovered, neither did evacuation of the centrifuged staple, nor did use of several t,~,rpes of separation glassware. Acid treatment was carried out on the magnetite fraction for removal of iron oxide coat- Amp. Chlorite was affected but apatite, since it occurred only in the non-~agneti c fra ction, was retained. Where the ratio between two minerals is desired, counting of these two species alone, lumping all others togsther,°gave bettor results than counting a fixed inner of grains and identifying all species present. The use of a mechanical stage did not improve accuracy. The frequency by count am the we, per cent of biotite and garnet In an artificial mixture were vastly divert. Shape, in such cases, produc ed si ~ificant errors so that rea~oYa1 of flaky micas may be desirable. Size differences may, in some cases, produce si milar serious errors ~ The skill of the operator in ~dent'{ication of sor,~vhat altered minerals was an i^mporta:~t [actor. 63. Gruner, J. W.: Dens and anally' t es . 3iti es ark structural relationships of l aol~rlites Ad. Mineral., vol. 22, p. 855-86O, 1937. To o~la~n the differences between cmuxite and '~acl~nit0, part~cularI:r the higher SiO2:A12O3 ratio of ~n.~uxite, Gruner proposes the substitution of tetrahedre~1 STOP groups for oct~hedrc1 AlO2~0lI)4 groups. Density dote=~in~t~ one And choice c~1~-~es yiel d death in resoluble agreement With this hypothesis. 64 . Pruned, J . Oh' . and The el , ~ . A.: The oc currence of fi ne cry nod au thigenic feldspar in shales and si ~ is. Am. 7linera1., vow 22, p. 842-Sa=6, 1937. Sa~les of to: Glenwood shale (Ordovician) were disag~;regat- ed by agitation and dispersed in water. bilateral of sand size or Coarser waS rer.,3,red by wet sieving. Phi Si!ZQ distribution was determined by the pipette method. Two maxilla were prose::". The 1 /8-1/lG 1urae grain size contai ned 48 per cent of the total. This
-- 42 . - ~ib~ t -B _ . fraction was 83 her cent quartz. ~erty-tive per cent of the material occurs in the 1,/256-1,/512 mm. grade... This was mostly' feld- spar; and contained no quartz. GO analysis shows the material less than 1/32 ma. in diameter to be about 66 per cent potash feldspar and indicates also the presence of a mo2~tmori~lonite- be~dellite clay mineral. X-ray analysis of the 1l~te~1, however, showed only feldspar lines. Similar analyses of Decorah shale and shaley beds of the Shakopee-Oneota dolomite (all Ordovician) also indicate a-predominance of ortl~oclase. . . . . . . The f~ne-grained feldspar is thought to be-fo~ed by authi- genic reaction of clay Material and potash solutions. Det=~1 origin i s hi ghly improb abl e. .. . , , . - . 65. F=ner, Arthur F.: Adsorptive clays of the Texas Gulf Coast. Am. Latin., vo1. 24, p ~ 67-108 , 1939 . Optical-, ch-Cal, and X-ray studies show that the principal . mineral constituent of the clays mined is montmorillonite. Tut many beds- represent the alteration in sin of volcanic ash is shown by microscopic textures Id structures. Locally kaolinitej halloysite and allophone occur. Tile correlation between physical properties, chiefly adsorp- tive capacity, &~ C5~i=1 am optical analyses is attempted. The adsorptive capacity is affected mainly bit mineral purity which is control led by completeness of alteration to mont;mori] lorute, and by transportation and noising wito other teas. Fish adsorptive cape cut ty i s unaf f ect ed by Hi crotexture or st;~uc-{;ur~ o [ t i s ac com- panied by high percentages of removable bases and water. . . . · . . . The distribute on ma geology of the individual deposits are described ~n detail, ~ exte~si,To bibliography is included. 66. Hatch, F. X., Pastel, R. E. Id play, 3~.: Petrology of the sedimentary rocks. 3rd ea., London, pp. 383, 193~3. .. . . The third edition of tnis wo~l-~now~ work was revised by Black.- This edition dilators from Ho second in that the chapters dealing with the Metamorphosed sediments are Matted }e parts of the appendix on the loose detr~tal sediments by rile Crook - included in the first edition but omitted in -the second - And numerous new illustrations and disarms have: been added. ~ j . . . . r : ; , ' ~ ,' ' . ~ '. references e The biLliog;raph~r is amended by inclusion cat sorno. late
Exhibit B _ __ a=3 __ As in -the earlier ed~t~cns of this book, Methods of study are treated very briefly or not at all, wh~ 1e properties of sedi- mer~ts and processes of sedimentations are discussed ix~c~denta~ly at various places in the book. The book is written mainly around tone description of the various kinds of sedimentary depcs~ts, both anci ant and modern. 67. H6ultaix~, E. :ED. T.: Splitting the minus-20~) with the s~per- panner and intrasi zer. Trans. Canadian Instit. Min. Metal., vol. 40, p. 229-24;0, 1937e (Previewed in Jour. Sed. Petrol ogy, vol. 8, p . 36-3?, 1938. ~ 68. Weller, M. N.: The Curtain sup erpanner. The Fulcrum, vol. 2, No. 2, ~ 938. The sup erpanner is a mineral separate e?. It consists of a slightly inclined, cork-covered, V-shaped deck to which a sidewise and endwise motion is Parted by two motors. This motion combined with water [low separates the components of ~ Azure (crushed ores, etc.) into several fractions, each different and m~neralog~caIly more or less homogeneous. 69. Ile:~dricks, Stewing B.: On the crystal structure of the clay minerals: D' ckite, halloys~t e and hydrated halloys~te. Am. Am., vol. 22, p , 295-301, 1938. 70. Huribut, C. S., Tr.: 1~ electric counter for thin-sectio:r~ analyst s . Em. T. Sol ., vo l. 237 , p O 253-261 , 1939 . The electric counter consists of two parts, a recording unit and a mechanical microscope stage joined to one another by ~ flexible cable. Six mine:~al$ can be measured and recorded at one time according to the Rosiwal methane Traverses are made alternately to tale rift anal left across the thin section, and the totals of all the traverses are carried on the counters of the recording unit. ~ total count automatically adds the sub- totals of the other counters, and thus eliminates the recording and adding of the many readi:n~;s. The electric counter enables one to mum a micrometr~c measurement of a thin section In less than half the time taken by other methods. It has the additional advantage of permitting the thin section to lie directly on the EL' croscope stage - Author' s abstract.
-- 44 -- =:Lib~t B _ . _ 71. Hutton' C. Osborne and Turner, F. J.: The beavy~era~s of some Oretaceous and Tertiary sediments from Otago and Southland. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Tr. & Pr. ~ Carol. 66, p. 255-274` 1937. ~ G. (;. ^4. ~ 72. Ins, Richard H.: Clerics solution for the specific gravity determination of mall mineral grains. Ad. Ins, brow. 24, p. 116-122, 1939. The properties and the preparation of Clerici solution are reviewed. ~ small settling tank, of 0~5 cc. capacity, con- structed from glass slides is placed on microscope stage. The grain, immersed 'n the solution, in this cell, is observed under low power. The solution is diluted with water until the grain resins suspended. Determination of the retractive index gives rapid means of dete~'n~g the Specific gra~rit~r of the Humid (by means of graph). 73 . Kahmann, Wilhelm: Sedimentpetrogra~hische Beitrago our Gliederung des Tertiars der sudlichen nnedex~heinischen Bucht. Decheniana Bd. 95, A, Geol. Abt., p. 157-206, 1937. Petrography of the Tertiary sediments irk the southern lower Rhine basin, Gentry, Stub special reference to t:tacir heady mineral content as a basis for subd~,ris~on Id correlation. (G.S.~.) 74. Keith, Il. L.: Selective staining to -facilitate P`osn~val analysis. ~m. M~n., vol . 24, p. 561-565 , 1939 . Distinction between quartz, potassium feldspar am untwined plagioclase is fact litated by stai nine The clean dry section Is exposed to the action of hydrofluoric acid fumes at 65° C. for 50 seconds. The slide is then immersed 30-40 seconds in ~ cobalti~trite stain which colors potassium feldspar Strom yellow. ~ surface of Corked roughness characterizes the plag~oclase Held span quartz is unaffected. The method is applied, with x~ditication and with the addition of a malachite green stain, to other minerals, most of which, however, are not found in sediments. 75. Keller, W. D. and Moorer G. E.: Staining drill cuttings for calcite-dolomite ditterentiat~on. Bull. A. A. P. G., vol;, 21, p ~ g49-951, 1937 .
Inhibit B _ d ~- _ __ 4S -~ The authors used the ferric chloride method. The material to be tested is wet ~th~water, immersed 5 to lo seconds in a ferric chloride solution, washed arid Rinsed in ammonium sulfide solution and washed again. ~~ ~ ~ - '' - do locust e i is unaf f ec ted . 76. Kelley, W. P. . The calcite stains black, whereas the Base exchange in relation to sediments. In Recent Brine Sediments, 'Tulsa, p. 454065, 1939. ,, . _- . , _ Sediments relatively high in clay are especially susceptible to base exchange, and consequently their properties may be modified substantially. Base exchange, however, is by no means confined to alluvial deposits. It ~y also be enrolled in the ';eather~n~; and transportation of various kinds of rocks. As is well know, the zeol~$es undergo base exchange actively. Noll's work indicates that certain hydrothermal minerals also possess important base- exch~nge capacity. - Author's abstract. 77. Kerr, Paul F.: 1937. Attapulgus clay. ~m. An,, troll 22, P. 534-550? The clay mineral in the fullers earth at Attapulgus (Georgia) Is identified as ~r,.ontmowllonite. The mont,~nor~1lonite is believed-to have foxed by the weathering of the crystalline rocks of the highlands and to have been transported aid deposited in shallow evader. slow settling permitted crientation of the clay-mineral flakes peralle]- to the bedding. 78. ~einsorge, Bert: Die Sand e der Enz imnordlichenSchwarzwald, Homburg Geol. Staatsinst., mitt E 16, p. 47-58, 1937. Weary mineral Dialyses of the sands along the Enz River i n the northern Black Forest, Germany. (G. S. A.) 79. : Be~trag zig den Method en der Deutung scliwe~nineralanalytischer Behinds, III Granatstrand- s5~e von den Ostsee bei doff, Moues Jb., Beil. B6. 74, Abe A, lI. 1, p. 20-35, 1938. Heavy mineral analysis It garnet strand borders of the Baltic Sea near 3!Tiendorf, German.y;. the garnet is concentrated because of the shape of its grains, and the suggestion ~s mado that such concentration may provide a criterion for the d~fferent~a tion of marine and continental deposits. (G. S. A.)
- - 46 - ~ibit IS ~_ 80. Kono, T. and MAIZE\ ? M. Oil the glauco:aite from Taint pre- .fecture, Formosa. Japanese Assoc. Mineralogists. .- ., J. carol. 17 ~ p. l?5-183 (Japanese), ~ 937. (G. S. A. ) 81. gouger' F. O.; A sedimentary and petrographic study of certain glacial drifts of Minnesota. Am. J. Sct., vol. 34, p. 345-563 ~ 1937. det.e~mination was made of the light and heavy mineral com- . position or the sandy components of the drift sheets of Minnesota. . . . These data showed (i; that the drifts call into two groups on the basis of carbonate content, (2) that the~rm~ner~ogyi£; complex, due to admixtures arm r~orki~, and that few species are diagnostic of any one drift sheet, but (3) if the amount of soluble carbonate anal the heavy mineral assemblage be taken together, a fairly certain identification of the drift sheet con be made Id (43 tot the distribution of the heavy mlinemIs: in ail the drifts is smiling by similar to their distribution in freshly crushed gr~ite. The older drifts differ but little from the younger in leaching and weathering and the observed difference may be due to incorporation of pre-glacial rest dual soils in greater abundance in the older drifts. Little post-~1acial weathering has taken place. 82. Krumbe~n, W. O. and Petti John, F. P.: Manual of Sedituenta-~ New York, 1938. ~ comprehensive 5~9 page Equal of methods appl~c~le to the study of sedimentary materials. Part One deals witti the collection of samples, preparation of the same for analysis, principles- and methods of mec~iaica1 analysis, graphic and statistical methods of -treatment of data and the petro.fabric analysis of sediments. ·. Part Too deals w; th the methods of analysis 04 shape-, round- ness and surface textures of sedimentary particles and fragments, preparation of. sample for mineralogic analysis, methods of separation into several fractions, mounting for :microsco~:c study, optical methods of mineral ~ identification, descry ption of :~nerals (hi th figures and identiti cation tables), methods of measuring mass .p~roperti es ~ porosity, p ermeaki li ty, etc . ~ . 265 i llustrations Abhor and sub j ec t i udex. 83. skyline, P.. D.: . Petrography and genesis of the Siwalik Series. · Ad. A. Sci ., vol.34' p. 422-446? 1937. . . . . . . Seventy hind spec~m=~' 35 thin sections and 12 heavy mineral residues town- the basis for the study of the Siwa;lik series
Inhibit 13 . -- 47 -- of Nort'nwest India. This series, 20,000 feet in thickness, consi sts of six to~tions ranging Fran Middle Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene. These beds are se~i-cor~solidated gray sandstones and hard dark gray graywackes, red siltstones am shales, ~ntrafo=:at~onal conglomerates and to a mirror extent true conglomerate. The imperfectly bedded saIldstones ~d grayv~ackes are largely fresh 1n~ter~al and composed, on the average, of 40 per cent quartz, 15 per cent feldspar, 6 per cent mica, and 35-40 per cent metamorphic rock fragments. Secondary calcite is common. Schist arenite is the term used by Marine to describe. these rocks. The red, finer "rained Headstones, siltstones and shales are composed of varying proportions of fe~uginous clay and sand grains - both the end products of champ Cal decay. Intra- formational conglomerates with shale pebbles are reworked hematitic concretions es so c, ated vrith the scent st arenites . Powered chemical weathering concomitant ninth intensive fluv' al erosion accounts for the mixt~e of fresh and decayed materials found 'n the sediments. The heavy minerals examined did not permit "zoning" of the sermon. The faunas evidence is ill accord Bite that of gross Ethology. Such evidence suggests deposition of the lower beds on a broad flat floodplain under tropical humid climate; forma- tion of the middle beds under desert-l~ke steppe conditions and deposition of the upper beds under temperate Ed moderately humid client e c onditions. 84. : Age of till on "Palouse Soil" from Washington. ~m. J. Sci ., vol. 33, p . 205-216, 1937 . The so-called "ancient" till of Washington, said to be of pre W~scons~n age, is shown by petrographic analysis to be really a late g~cial deposit whose weathered and "ancient" appearance Is due to the fact that it contains much reworked and incorporated "Palouse soil", an old and decayed and pre-late-glacia1 loess. Methods of differentiation between "Palouse soil" and till contaminated With Siren very large amount of "Palouse soil" are offered. Finally' the apparent and real effects Qua the a~i~e of volcanic ash in "Palouse soil" and recent superficial loess are described. Author ' s abstra ct . 85. Monthl y, 1938. I'fn neralogy of water [[coding;. Producers The study of thin sections is recommended as a means of determining the st:cactu~al factors affecting porosity and pe:~meability. The pore-pattern or textures Ed strictures are beanie y seen. The diameter of the capillary channels, their 1~3:~gth, their density per
~8 ~. . . . 6. . .. . . E,chibi t 13 ~_ . unit meat ~d their orientation ~a factors a=~.ting .the ease. of t1~W of fluids thrums: the sand. ~ The physical properties, such as nettability and adsorp1;ic~n, of the surface of the walls of the pores In the sand are a function of the mineralogy of the sand. The presence. of clay, for example, wI~i.ch has ~ l~i:;h coefficient of. adsorption;' radically alters the permeability of the cam: to. polar 1iqulds. 5het¢h~ical properties are likewise a Exaction of mir~eralog.~,r; am in. the case of gypsum and calcite, t.~xly soluble menials, cant ~ ff O:~lOGtOd ~ th impunity.; . . . 8 6 . - ~ . . . . - . ~Petrology of- the -~=rewa me beds. Carnegie lust. Wa~hI;n~gton, Public. No. :495, p.- 335-251, 1939. This paper ~s based on a.sui~te:of 15 speci:~ns throw the Pleistocene deposits of Arena Lake, Kashmir,. Ad adjacent territory. Inch specimen is described as to location, field name and correlation, negascopic appearance,:c~bo:iate content, mechanical composition, microscopic examination (textures and minera3:ogy) ~ n=e (patron graphic) and pxchable origin. The specimen are fine-~raiT~ed silty sediments Seth poor . sized and- commonly with notable carbonate co~;te:nt. lline~alogica~ly they are quartzose-teld-~?athic silts. with varyir~,+ accounts of micaceous material, numerous ~ron-ores,; and 19-non~opaque heavy minerals. of mixed deriva.tion.. With the exception;~f the topmost.beds of eolian loess, the beds are of lacus-t~x~e or paludai origin.. The sediments are In part contemporaneous - t'n Aping glacial co'ndit~o:~; in part co:ntemporahealis ~.th:an meliorated climatic cot. F1luvina tra~$porta;tion am colon demon of pre-e~sting outwash plains; account for most of the sediment. 87.. ·- :: ^~o.tated; bibliography of recent. Russian ~ _ ....... pub.lieations on sedimentation. An Report of the Committee on Sedi=entatioxl' for 1958-1939= 1939,, p. 51-64. _ _, ~ ~ . . : Contains 37 titles and abstracts of which a ~iun~ber deal. with . . . mineral.og: cat sundial of sediments ~ a: : 88.; Wanda; O. if. ~d Ide~:a, E. ;:-.- ; Moved technique of micro- p~cx~ometr~e density dete:rmination. Ad. funeral., carol. 24, : p. -482-484, ]939.
fib it B ., _ -- 49 -- 89. Lamar, J. :E:. and Grim, R. :E:.: lIeavy manners in Illinois sands and gravels of various ages. Tour . Sed. Petrology, vol. 7, p . 78~83, 1937 . Studies of the heavy minerals in 9 samples of Recent sand, 18 samples of Glacial sand, and 8 samples of Cretaceous sand reveal that the Glacial saws and the Recent lake and river sands derived from glacial deposits are characterized privily by hornblende, pyroxenes, garnet and n~ag3:~etite' usually in comparatively large ~mounts, with minor amounts of epidote, tulip;, Id zircon. Noteworthy also is the uni fo~n~t:r of the heavy floral assemblages of the Pleistocene and Recent sands With reference to mineralogic composition and relative abundance of the different mineral grains. It suggests a sird~lar ultimate source area for all these deposits. The suite of minerals indicates that igneous rocks were dominant in the source area. The heavy mi~ecral assemblages of the Cretaccous sands are very different from those of the Glacial sends or of the lake and river sands derived from Glacial deposits Id are characterized privily by kyarL~te, r~scov~te, tou~lilal~ne, zircon, staurolite, and rutilo, with minor amounts of iLnonit¢, loucoxone, ~d silli- man~te. The rare mrtl~ manures, monazite and zenot~me,. although present only in small amounts, are consistently fmad in the Cretacems sands and only very occas~ona~i~r found in the non- Cretaceous sands. The source area for these sediments differed from the source of the Pleistocene and Recent sands. Metamorphic rocks such as schists and slates are indicated b~ the abundant stress minerals . - Authors ' abstract . 90. Invoke, ~Kurt: T~at~rliche ~reicherungen Ron Schwe~ineralien in Kustengehieten. Geol. Deere u. Binnengew. Bd. 1, p . 106-125, 1937 ~ Discusses concerltrat~on of heavy minerals in coastal sedi- ments, both dune and beach, of various parts of the world, noting especially the character, distribution, and economic importance of iron placers. 91. Lam, \7~1ter B.: Microscope eclipse plate for routine index determination. Bull. A. A. P. G., vol. 22, p . 1278-1279, 1938. mug describes and figures an eclipse plate for attachment to polarizing microscope for use in determination of refractive finder of a mineral grain by the method of oblique illumination e
-- 50 -_ Exhibit B . .. . _ 92. L§pparent, Jacques de.: Smiles kaolinites acti.,Fables. Acad. Sci. - . Paris ,: ;C. R. ~ t. 204, p. 937-939, i937.. ... Itiscusses a ~Lolin clay ~th decolorizing propertzes ~rom the .r . F :Eocene of`~"~he''Par~s b'asi:'n. Francd.' ' (G. S. A.) ~] r i ~ 93. - # Fo:rmules structurales et c3.assifi cation des argi les ~ Zeit . I~i st ., vo l . 98 , H. 3 , p ~ 235-~5S, 1937 . . . . . . . . 94. : -Lo es er, Lui se: Sedimentpetro~hi s che Untersuch:ungen zur . ~ ~ ~twicklu:~ des mbhercgnen Becke=: ~. Neues Ib., Beil. Ed. 79, Abt. B. ~.-l, p. 1-25, 19~. ~ec.hanical aM h~y m~neral analyses to determine tihe or~n of sediments, Pe~ian to. Cretacequs in ag;e, in the sub-Herc~ian basi;n of the ~ler;~ker reg~on' ~nover, nori;h of tbe city of . Braunschwe3~g, Ge~any. 95 . ~rsh, O-. Everett: with the p~nimeter. Measuriame~ of compone:its of thin sections ^. l`~., ~rol . 22, p ~ 412-41 3, ~ 937 . -: . ^ ~- *~ ad~ptatio6;of the pl~nimeter method to. tlie.. act~1 ~ain imag;es ;-p~ ~ec.ted an ;a transl~t plate. . ; 96. -~raland, Paul S. and Wood~iff, John G.: ~ study of the e:~;tea*s. ; · , ~. ~ ~. ~· . . ~ . . ~. . ~. -or w3~na branspor~ablon on gra3~s or seve;~L minerals. -uour. -Sed. Petrology, ~vo1.~ 7, p. 18-3O, 1937. , . ~ · . Gyp aum, calcite, apatite, ~na~gnetite, ~ orthoclase, qu~Ptz and garnet were crashed a~a sieved. -~terial of about 1 mn. diameter was subject to the abrasive effects of an air blast. ~ 35 m~le. mean velocity was maintained. At inter~rals the grains were.proiected on screen,. drawn. ,; -a~d the roundnes~ ~easured by a mo.dification of the methQ~ of Went- worth. The rate of =~na'Dg wa$ ~d ~0 be rapid at first and to be decreasing ~ time or with increasing rcundness. me order of i~esista3~ce to abras~on (lb eq;~nning ~'ith'the least re~sta;rLi:) ~ ~ and the ro~i~dness at ~e end of the 10-hour run was. gyps~ .134, calcite and apatite ,109 each, r.~agnetite .08a=, garnet .061, ort'llo- clase about .02 and quartz about .01. . . . ~ · · - . . . . All m~nerals. m[,:fered a reduct~;0n ~n size by end of run. ~ . . ~ ~ Garnet showed least change and gypsum ~reates.t loss. ~e loss was n order of decreasing hardness except for apatite which by reason of parting broke rather easily.
Exhibit B _ _ 97. Martens, Jaxaes B. C. . . _- 51 -- Petrography acid correlation of deep-well sections in West Virginia and adjacent states. West Virginia Geol. Survey, vol. 11, 25S pp., 1939. This report consists Malay of tab satirized and partial or complete logs of each of 79 deep wells. As such it will prove of interest and value windy to strat'~raphers and others interested ix: the sub-surface geology of West Virginia and adjacent states. ~ Following a brie! sugary of the laboratory procedures is a detailed description of the various minerals, including the heavy minerals, found in the Portions encountered in drilling. Sedimen- tgry petrologists w~31 note with interest the occurrence and description of authige3ai c tou Amine (photograph, P1. xii ) and sphaler~te. The subsurface fox~nat~on$ ~x~vol~red rave fromMisoissippian to Ordov' clan. . Outcrop samples and thin sections supplement the data obviated from drill cuttings. We :t~eavy mineral content. from a number of wells is tabulated and the relative abundance of the several species is indicated. Cross-sections and sunmary tables supplement the report. 98. Revel, ld~rt~n~ Application of ~ ray methods to the investigation of recent sediments. In Recent Brine Sedir~ents, Tulsa, p. 616-630, 1939. X-ray methods that are most pertinent to the study of -sediments are described. ~ cacapar~son of the interference spectrum of sedi- ments by the powder method with that of the pure minerals can be applied to the ide:~titicat~on of the mine:;:al components of the clay fraction of the sedir`~ent. :For this it is necessary to know the .interterence figures of the pure components. In connection with the description of the methods, the limits of knowledge are do s cuss ed - Author ' s abs tract . 99! Wencher, Fly: Catskill [acies of New Mock State. Geo1. Soc. Am., Bull ., vol. 59, p. 1761-l 794, 1939. Includes a section on -the mineral composition (worked out from thin sections) and the bearing of these data on the geology c history of the depositse 100. Nagelschmidt, G: 0}~ the atomic arrangement arkI variability of the members of the montmo~llonite troupe I`tin~al. flag., carol. 25, p. 140-155, 1958.
-- 52 - 101. Newton, ~ F.: , ( Exhibit B. , . . . The pstrograph~ of some }English hers earths ; and rocks associated with totem. -Proc. O-eol. Aesop., vol. 48' p. 175~, 1937. , . . . me deposits; art of iim~tea lenticular few; they attain a ~2:imun thickness of 48 feet at Outsold. The -~llerts earth mate:~al" is restricted to the ~h's and is absent from adds cent beds. The transition to no~l ssdi~:nents is abrupt. Fossils cc~non in the interbedded sandstones are rare in the earths.. All t;he earths; are marked by high split content, he deficient in qmrtz arat1 feldspar and contain but a small quantity of the no:nnal detrita1 beam Ironers species. Euhedral pphene and zinc blends, on the other hand, me abundant ~n the residues of the Cretaceous deposits. ~ flaky feldspar (0~3~;Ab~3~1l) is noted in all the earth deposits. me ful~er's earth is thought to have been ,'p.rec~p~tated" (flocculated) in a sheltered area where the no~1 coarser shallower water sediments severe absent. The unwom hazy accessori es and the flaky feldspar are diagenetic. Solar 1agoona1 ,'prec~pitation't is postulated for the Jurassic ~ Somerset) fuller's earth - an interpretation at variance with Gr~m's concept of alteration of vo~csmic ash for these same deposits (Econ. Geo1., vol. 28, p. 344; also vol. 30, p. 825~. 102. Niggli, Paul: Zus~ensetz~ und ELassitikation der Locker- geste~ne. Schweizer Archiv 4, 1938. me composition and cTassif~cation of unconsolidated sedi- ments. Contains a discussion of g:E~ain size, including origin and classification, classification of grain sizes and grads terns, a considerable section on the minbralo~g~r at sediments, especially the~structure of the silicates, their alteration and conversion to clay minerals, the structure Pled composition of the clay mineral s, a consideration of grain s:bape and Roundness' and finally a fairly detailed exposition of the size distribution curves, Niggli's special statistical system for s`3~ar~zir$ these distributions Ad a quantitative classification based on tats statistical system. 103. Norton, F. H. ~ H.~Tarol;he~mal tor=tion or clay Minerals in the laboratory. - Am. Min., vol. 24, p. ~-17, 19390 ... . . A number of f~llely-~;rou^nd teldspcLrs and other alum~no- silicate Dineros were Prosed to ~2-charged percolating avatars under high prepares and temperatures in a reaction chamber.
Exhibit B __ _ ~- 53 -- A madman reaction rate was observed at about 300° C. No change occurred below 250° C. me end-product was determined not only by the pressure, temperature and acidity, but also by some characteristic of the parental Mineral. But a single clay r,tne=1 was the end- product. No intermediate products were formed. Kaol~nite, beidellite, sericite, pyrophy~ lit e and g;ibbs~te were the end-products f armed . 104. Pettij-ohn, F. J.: Mineralogy of sedimentary rocks, 1934-1936, in Fort of the Committee on Sedimentation p. 31-56, 1937 - ~ ~ _. ~ . ~ . e Bibliography Id abstract of 89 papers published mainly during ~ 934-1936, Occlusive. Petti joy, F. T.: Mineral analysis of sedi meets, in Recent Brine Sediments, Tulsa, p. 592-615, 1939. lye mineral analysis of sediment involves preparation of the sample, both disagg;r~ation and clarification of the grains, concentration by heavy liquids (or other m~sJ of the rare acces- sory minerals ("heavy mammals"), Splitting down am mounting of the several ~ neral fractions so separated, identification, and determination of mineral frequencies by estimate or count. The more commonly used methods for such ~ program of Andy are herein outlined witIL a few leaden references to the literature. ~ few remarks on the nature and causes of variations in mineral composition, especially Mineral gradients!', disclosed by qua:ntitat~Ye methods, conclude this article. 106. Pustovalov, L. V.: On petrography of the sedimentary rocks in USSR. Soc. Nat. Moscou, B. nasty t. 46, Sec. Geoi. t. 16(2) ~ 1938, p. 199-204. I. S. i. ) 107. Rastall, R. H.: On brookite crystals in the Dogger. Geol. Bag. ~ vol. 15, p. 433-440 t 1938. The crystal habit ahead optical properties of several different kinds of brookite are described and illustrated with sketches. The occurrence of several types in the same rock is noteworthy. Clearly some brookite is authigenic; it is equally clear that some 's detrital.
-- 54 -- Inhibit B ' 1 _ 108. Rastall, R. H.: On Futile In the Dogger. Geol. hag., vole 76, p. ~ 09-114, 1939. Unlike brookite and Lactase, the reptile of the Dogger is sole- ly detritai. The varietal features, especially color, adsorption and thinning habits, are described. An adequate source rock for the abundant and highly variable Morris of :cutiJe In the Dogger is not known at present. 109. Rastall, R. H. and Hemingway, J. a,: Black colites Ire the Dogger of northeast Yorkshire* 1939. Geol ~ I.;Iag., vol . 76, p. 225-233, Describes the strat~graphy, petrographer am probable origin of the black oolites. 110. Reed, John C.: Eve study of accessory minerals in igneous and met~mo~hi c rocks. Am. Llin., vo~ . 22, p. 73-84, lg37. Defines accesso:ry minerals and reviews the history of the investigation of these Liners ~n the crystalline rocks. Ill. Reynolds, D. lI., Koreans, Sheldon A. and Morgan, Lindsey G.: Appl~ca- t~on of X-ray crystal analysis to ~ problem of petroleum geology. Bull. A. h. P. 0. ? vol' 21, p . 1333-1339 , ~ 937. the powder method of X-ray analysis of mineral mixtures has been applied to selected drill settles from several geological forma- tions of some western Kansas oil wells. The diffraction patterns obtained Were interpreted to show the individual minerals present, and the relative abundance of each in the drill cuttings. - The data for wells rattler widely separated geographically show a distinct correlation between the type X-ray diffraction pattorns obtained and the fiber of the for,=ation from whim the sample was obtained. A great possible usefulness of the method to petroleum geology is indicated - Author's abstract. 112. P~ chter, W.: Zur I~ethodik der Schwe~neralanalyse von sands g;en Sedimenten. Central . bin. Geol. Paleon., Abt. A, p . 70-80, 1939.
Exhibit B -- 55 -- it 115. Richter, Wolfgang: Sedimentpetrograp~sche Beitrage our Palaogeograph~e der ostall'~nen Ob=krs~de. Ildmburg. Geol. St~atsinst ., Ld it ., H. 16, p . 59-84, 1937. Delimits heavy r=ne~?a1 provinces and determines paleo- geography of the upper Cretaceous of the- eastern Alps, Austria- Germany, from qualitative Ed quantitative a:;aalyses of detrital minerals in sandstones. (G. S. A.) 114. :Eloss, Clarence S. and Stephenson, Lloyd W.. Calcareous shells replaced bit be~dellite. Am. Rabin., vol. 24, p. 373-397, 1939. Mollusc shells in the Clayton sand (Eocene) of Mississippi Eve been replaced by beidel1~te. The identity of the clad, mineral is checked by optical data' Disc analysis, and dehy~a. lion tests. The replacement is complete ~d must have been performed by god Waters carving the appropriate elements in soluti on' 115. Chin, L, 13.: ~ new method for the determination of the conditions of deposition of the old sands. Problems Soviet Geol., troll 7, no. 1l, p . 953-959 ~ 1937 (Russ., I:ngl. sums ~ ~ ~ lathe value of the difference between the average size of the light and. heavy raine~al$, or the displacement coeff~c~sut, is much less ~n the eoli;ax~ sands than in those deposited from water. is. . S. A. ~ 116. Russell, R. Dana: Mineral composition of '{issi ss~pp' River sails. Geol. Soc. Am., Bu1 1., vol. 48, p. 1307-1348, 1937 . It is generally stated or implied that certain minerals, notably pyroxenes, a~nph~boles arid [e3:dspars, are rapidly eliminated by abrasion, breakage or decomposition during transportatio:~. Their presence in sediments, therefore, indicates proximity A source rocks while their absence is said to indicate complete weat.heri~ of source rocks, or derivation of sediments from older sediments, or transportation for a considerable distance. Bussel1 set out to test the validity of the concept of rapid elirn~nat~on of these species from river sands by tr~sporta- tion. Some 62 sadly collected from the channel of the Mississippi River between Cairo, Illinois, and the Gulf of Mexico
Exhibit B . _ (about 1100 molest were studio. The light separate contained some 16 constituents bible the hear separate consisted of 37 mineral species or va~etiese The tr~.uencies were determined by counting; 300 to 600 grins. Stalked progressive do~streem changes in mineral composition were lacking. The frequencies fluctuated from sample to simple but trends appear to be absent or arm. The [elispars decreased from 25 per cent of the light separate near Cairo to 20 per cent near the mouth of the Mississippi. ~ still less marched do~vnstrenrr~ decrease in pyroxene was noted Id no trend whatever in tile percentage of amphibole was discernible. Nor was there any notable increase in tiLe more stable species Russell concluded, therefore, that the feldspars, pyroxenes, amphiboles and like species were more resistant to abrasion and far more persistent than heretofore assumed. If they are absent from a sediment, there:Core, ~t is likely that this sediment was derived tram a sediment already free from these species or that they have been dissolved from the sediment ~b~t to its depositions Direct evidence of the latter is the 'cockscomb" or frayed appear- ance of the pyroxenes and amphiboles ~n some sediments and the inconsistences between the order of resistance of' minerals experimentally detent, and Thoulet's observed corder o* destruction" . 117. Searle, A. B. ~ Clay. Natal, vol. ~ 41, p. 583-585. D~scussic, by W. B. Bragg, p. 649. Brief account of clay mineral structures and their effect on the physical properties of clays. (G. S. A.) 118. Sheen, G. D. and Towel, G. A.. Dolomit~zation in ~;~ac~o- lacustrine silts of Take k;ass~z. Geo1. Soc. In., Bull., vol. 50, p. 1535-1552, lg39. Fine-gra~ned lacu$tr~ne Hi] tS t== 25 to 75 feet thick cover hundreds of square miles on the floor of glacial Iake. Agass~z . In numerous ~ oc~ Sties an Eli ched dolo:rniti c zone from 1 to 10 feet thick occurs in the silts at from 1 to 3 feet below the surface. Ike modes of occurrence of the enriched zones indicate that the dolomitic bodies are not simply a Product of negative enrichment formed by the leaching of calcium carbonate. Most of the dolomit~zaticn has taken place inhere the water table is near the surface or where the natural drainage is poor. The ground raters contain a high percentage of sodium and of magnesium
Tibet B - ssits. dolomite. magnesium Abstract ~ 57 Gypsum nodules and crystals are found With and below the Ins associati on suggests a replacement of - calcium by and. the precipitator of calcium as gypsum - Authors' 119. Sh~etsov, 14. S.: The progress in the petrography of sedimentary rows for the twenty years and its further development. Soc, Nat. Moscou, B. Am., t. I, Sec' Geol. t. 1G, p.. 178-] 92 (Russ I, 1938. ,, ~, (G.S.~. ) 120. Sidwell, Raymond: Types and sources of sediments deposited by the South Canadian River in New Mexico Id Texas. Jour. Seder Petrology, vol. 9, p. 36-41, 1939. Th,e variations of the sediments deposited by the South Canadian River are correlated with the rock outcrops fry which the tr'6utames flow, the number of tributaries, the character of the strew bed and the distance from the sources of the sediments. The rock components of the Ravels show a decline in quantity and size away from local source areas-. The heavy minerals are concen- trated in the headwater areas. They decrease in abundance do.wn- stream to that portion of the main river course w] eve significant additions are made to the strew load by tributaries. At this latter section increases of certain species are noted with concc~it=t decline of other species. Similar non-regular changes in coarseness of the chapel sands were noted. 121. Sindow~i, Karl Heinz: Korngrossen- und Schwe~mineralverten~ung in :rezenten Strands~den der me~1enburgischen OstseeKuste. . . , Ze:~tr. mineral. Abt . A., p . 136-149 , 161-1 67 , 1938. Grain size Ad heavy mineral distribution in recent littoral sails of the Baltic sea coast in the I;~ecklenburg region, Germany. (G. S. A. ~ .. 122. : Sed~entpetrographische Methodan zur . - , . . Unter$uchung sager S~mente; Fragestellunger zur Vorsc~age. . Geol. Rundsc~u, Bd. 29, 196-200, 1938. Acc=nt of methods used f03: computing grain-size distribution and heavy mineral content of sand sediments. (G. S. A.)
a_ 58 -- E'rh~bit B . _ 123. Smith, Harold T. U.: Mounting and remounting detrital mineral grains on slides. Em. Min., vol. 24, p. 602-604, 1939. Notes on the repairing of old slides, the balsa of which had deteriorated, and the making of multiple mounts on the same slide using media of several different indices. 124. Smithson, :?; Outgrowths on zircon. Geol' Mag*, vo1. 74, p. 283-282, 1937. Authigenic outgrowths on zircon are described and figured. Me localities and horizons where this Skeletal feature was observed are described. 125. : Statisticalmethods inse~i~entarypBtrolOgy. Geol. Big., vol. 76, Part I, p. 297-309; Part lI, p. 348-359; Part III, p. 417-426' 1939. Irk this stimulating sixties of papers Mattson presents by graphic mmus the effects of sorting and solution (both before and after deposition) in natural sands. In Part ~ use is made of coordinate diagrams Ire Which the :trequency of one mineral Is plotted against the frequency of s=e other Sect es. Z1rcon-apatite, apat~te-rut~le, z~rcon-tourr~line ratios from Muir samples are restricted to certain areas or "winds" on the di~;ra:ms. These fields are duct for the several horizons under study. Such areas may be essentially linear and are mud to represent an ass - - bla~e cat ena. That such linear relations are to be expects is shown by hypothetical examples of variations due to sorting of r;mlticomponent mixtures. Smithson outlines and graphs the relations for 3 cases. Case I of minerals H. ~ and ~ where H remains constant wh; le M and Is decrease at different recompound i merest" rates, Case II with H. A. Liand L2 In which 1g and LO are not sorted :~om one another, III with H. thy lI;I1 and ~ With E constant aM the over three decreasing at varying but declining rates of decrease. Actual mineral data Arch English Triassic and Jurassic horizons closely parallel the hypothetical cases. Phonic seems also to [0110W the sue larva. variations due to m~}eralogic change, due either to contami- nat~on or removal resulting from mechanical or chemist instability are license discussed and four cases are illustrated by actual mineral data.
Inhibit ~ _ and anatase. -- 59 -- Pam II deals with grain size measurement and graphical representation of the same. I'he length and breadth of the grains of the more abundant m' near s ware determined by ~ cliometric metho ds . :E requencies were plotted as a curve. When size Is plotted on a log;arit~aic scale the curves are nearly symmetrical. We breadth Is plotted against length and "fields" for each species are thus delineated. Special discussion Is given for the diagrams of zircon, garnet Part ITI discusses the methods by which the data of sedimentary petrology may be most usefully recorded on a flap. Smithson used his study on the :15stuarine series of northeast Yorkshire as an example. Some 667 sables frown an area of about 1500 square miles were studied. The samples were groped ~ nto geographical districts and the data from each district averaged Ad a numerical value entered upon the map at the center of each district. Data plotted were (~) "richness of the suites (of heavy minerals) or number of mineral specim present over and above a certain minimum common to all Samples, (2) presence or absence of a particular species or the frequency of the species In question, (~) frequency difference between two related species, such as i1Tnen$te and leucoxex~e, (4) ~rieta1 features, and (5) dimensional and shape indices of the s~;~;te. For the last "mentioned, zircon was chosen am 10 grains ITS Each separate examined. In each sample determinations were made of the largestvalue of the crystal length, the~average length, the greatest breadth, the average breadth, the geometric mean af the average length am breadth, and the ratio ret the average length to the average breadth. For each characteristic determined, a map was made and contours drawn through points of equal value. For each character) stic a certain pattern was noted with "highs"' and ''lows". Inspection of the many maps showed but two t:,pes of pattern. One type, that shown by the richness of the wite, the varietal characters (Ollt- g;rowth$ on zircon and the crystal habit of anat;ase), the presence or absence of garnet, etc., re:l~lected the history of the sediment subsequent to its deposition. Since the Dams" of the pattem depicted coincided ivies the tectonic axes of the region, Smithson thought tat the tectonic history must in SOT~e waif modify the mineral characteristics of the sediment. The other pet tern, shown by the diment~onal and shape characteristics of zircon, etc., reflects the co:~ditiorm of sed=Q<3ntation su cl} as the confi~ratior of the basin, direction of cuxre:~t movement, etc. 126. Stetson, Y. C. and Upeon, J. :E:.: Bottom deposits of the :Ross Sea. Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol . 7, p . 55-56, 1937 .
- 60 -- ~ibi t B _ 1 ~- The Ross Sea is floored with bifacial debris upon which the sea has exercised no selective action what sower. The sediment is apparently being laid dow~i in the stale corn in which it is being released by the~:melting ice. .Distance from the ibe barrier and dep~ ~f water have no affect on texture; we Artaretic continent it surx'~un.ded by a zone at this material 200 to 500 m'1eS wide, which ntles the continental shelf arid slopes. at might be tenned a marine till. The percentages of the clay and coiioid run unusually high. Such complete lack of sorting is unusual in ellt her a deep or shallow water marine sediment, even in the Atotic where the deposits are also largely laid down by floating ice. Ably the heavy minerals, those cat the [erro~gnes~an group are unusually abundant. Ml the heavies are comparatively unaltered, which is undoubtedly Me to glacial conditions. Higher grade metamorpl¢¢ minerals are notably absent. In the rinser grades chemically decomposed material ~ 9 found which use probably dun to. the g;l aciai grinding of shales rather than to present conditions either on land or in the sea - Authors' abstract. ; . . . ~ . . 127 ~ Stewart, Duncar~:, Tr .: An o ccurrence "of detrita1 authigeni c - fed dspar. A1Q. I`I:ineral., vol. 22, p. 1000-1003, 1937. An aqueogIac~al sand from a well hear Mt. t;.Iorris, Michigan, was separated into light and heave- fractions in Die usual way. The light fraction was in turn split into two parts, one essentially quartz and the other mainly feldspa:r. 1~'rt:T~fc>ur ~eral-spec~es or principal Moieties. were identified. of special interest were the detxital grains of feldspar Munich were worn grains of authigen~cally-~nlarged feldspar. . The nuc1 ear parts were in port microcline; the margins, growth was in part adularia. Paleozoic sedimentary Connations are believed to be the source of the auth' gent c fed dspar . 128. Stow ~ A. H.: Conditi one of s ed~mentation and sources of the Or~skany sandstone as indicated by petrology. TE3ulLe A. A, P. G., vol. ~ 22, p. 541-564, 1938. The no, areal extent, and the strat~graphic relations of the Orgy Mom New York to Virgir}ia are reviewed. sine formation is thickest in western I~Iaryland and thins both north and south to nearly :nothing along the outcrop. brine fossils testify to marine conditions. The coarseness of the sand and the sorting into lenses of sand and conglomerate Aghast near-shore origin. . . . The light arid heavy mineral content of 94 samples is tabulated.
Exhibit B ~ _ ~ 29. 130. -- 61 -- Quartz is the sole light mineral in two-thi.~ds of the samples and ~ s the dominant -era in most others. Associated with quartz are a little [e3Ldspar a~ less chert. Dominant heavy minerals are t~rTi~a- line, zircon, leucoxene and limo:~t.e, which suggest derivation fr on: pre-e~isting sediments. Stile is ~pari~l-y present in many samples. Locally pyrite chlorite, amphibole, hypersthene, garnet, kyamte, iL:nerrite and magnetite, biotite and celestite are present.. These latter minerals, except pyrite and chlorite, are restricted to the northern Oriskany arid are believed to be derived from Adirondack crystalline rocks. . Reflection of provenance ire heat minerals . . of the Awes :Edv~. Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. 9, p.. 86-91 1939. k study of samples of sand collected from the James River of Virginia between Clifton Forge, Alleghany County, and Srn~thfield, Isle of Might County, shows a distinct correlation between stream sediments Ad country rock of the adjacent drainage area. There is a marked difference irk the mineral content of the sands derived fr~ the rocks of the four principal physiographic provinces - viz. ~ the sedimentary rocks of the Valley and Ridge, the igneous rocks of the Blue Ridge, the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont, and the sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plain - Anthor's abstract. Dati fig Creta c ecus -ho c ene ~ e cto ni c mov event s in Big Horn Basin by heavy minerals. Geol. Soc. Axe., Bull., vol. 49, p ~ 731-762, ~ 938 . Ails paper Is a qualitative study of the heavy minerals of the lance, Fort Union and Wasatch beds of the Big Horn Basin. Specimens were collected from care fully measured sections of these formations. Heavy mineral s identified were the "opaques" (un- difterentiated magnetite, i~erlite, lirnonite, leucoxene, hematite and pyrites, anatase, anLydr~te, apatite, barite or celestite, biotite, brooks e, chlorite, drossy de, epidote, garnet, hornblende, kyan~te, Muscovite, ~tile, staurol ite, sphere, tou~line and zircon. Light minerals were quartz, chert, am the feldspars. Me heavy mi nexal s were of stratigraph~-c value ~n that - thin certain limits the members of the Lance, Fort Union, and Wasatch formations could be distinguished frown one another. The mineral assemblage increases in complexity upward in the section; the ~asatch has the most varied mitral content. This is . . interpreted to mesh tat extensive areas of crystalline rocks not available to the lower horizons were exposed to denudation ~n
-- 62 ~- ~bi t B _ _ TIa~atch time. Some interfonnation~l volcanic erup.tions. were the source of the iiornblende of the Wasatch. The introduction of this mineral dates the volcanism as post-Fort Union and pre-Wasatch. . . . .. . . ~.. .~ . 131. Stuart' A. and Simpson, B.:. The sho:re s=ds of Cornwal:L and i; Deron from Land's E£td to:.the Ta~Torri;dge. T;stuary. flea=, Royal Soc. Cornwall, 1957 · · ; .. : . · , ... . .: . .. I:ighte en samples from the beaches were examined and found to contain over 60 species of minerals. These Me described and the; Relative abidance determined by count. .. . . .. ... . . . Focal variations In frequency are: due either to distance Fran soi:~Pce of to contributions froth local bedrock, suc3) as any of the various granite stocks of Cornwall, their metamorphic Aureoles and older sedimentary beds of several ages. Erosion of marine glacial deposits may be the source of st~.1 other constituents. e lo:~shore drift is apparently not great enough to mask the essential local origin of most of the Minerals. Bach bay constitutes ~ trap out of Itch The sands do not move. : ~ The Salines were classified as angular, sub-arLgular, sub-rounded Ad rounded and the proportions of each type in all samples were retina. The results were graphically show by me=s of 'tsa~lboat" or ukite" diag;rams. The tou~line of Fanatic sources ~s angular, whereas that of sedimentary sources i s mb-angulp;r to s~b-round ~ But as the towline of the latter type ~ very =all, the cons~d(erable roundness of the larger grains of this species at several loca;tities is attributed to shore action. Shore action rather than rearer action ~ $ concluded to be tile true rounding agent. Of special interest is the id~omorphic. anatase, ,nterpret- ed as detrital, and the idiomorphic barite thought possibly to be prtec~pitat'3d;frcta the waters of the Taw 13s~ary. 132. Ta3cahashi, )~-ichi: Synopsis of glaucon~t~zat~on. In ' Recent Fine Sediments, Tulsa, 1939, p. 502-512. .. Glau-coni ti zation Fees place under :reduc~ng conditions, in sea water cuff normal salinity and with summer temperature of not lower than 150 C. The chanica1 composition of glauconite is given fir ~ ~lpi:~3. cal formula calculated ir~ the analyses of several homilies of specially purified ~teria1 and by the structural fo~la fox G~iner~s assumptions. Glauconite was found to contain some easily replaceable bases, the replace- ment of which seemed not to affect greatly either the X-ray spectra
Exhibit B 65 ~- or the optical properties. The glancon~to dehydration curare i unique and unlike that of the micas and chiorit es. Glauconite is formed from clay matter Within cavities in fossils, such as forami~iife-~-a,: the c=~1 of sponge spicules, etc., frown facoal pellets, and from eerily hydrated siliceous materials such as Volcanic glass and opaline silica and also OFF alteration of feldspar, pyroxene and mica. Taka~shi rejects the theory that g;laucon~te is the alteration product of any particular mineral (suchas mea). GI~uconitizatior~ of '\nud" is characterized by hydration of silica and absorption of potash and iron and loss of alumina. Organic matter promotes the change. Fresh water inhibits the transto~tion. Ex;perimental data are cited. The presence of g~aucon~te in sandy sedi.~aents is attributed to transport and sorting. 133. Tarr, W. A.,Eelle~r, W. D.: Some occurrences of ksolin~te deposited face solution. Am. In., vol. 22, p. 933-935, 1937. ~olinite in veins in Pennsylvanian shades, in joints in dolomite and in quartz geodes and mall solution cavities in silt- -stone is described. Optical and X-ray data confine tibe idex~tifica tion of the kaol~rrite. 134. Tickell, F. G.: We 3~a~inat~on of Fragmental Rocks, 2nd ed. Stanford University, long, p. 154. (Reviewed in Jour. Sed. Petrology, vo1. 9, p. 42' 1939.) 135. TomI~nson, W. Harold and laster, Adolph E.: On the origin of montanor~llonite. Am. In., vol. 22, p. ll24-~127, 1937. Monl~norillo:nite was found to be formed at Glen Riddle, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, by the attack of mag:nes'~m . solutions on plagioclase of about the composition db6dn . We montmorilloIlite occurs along a horizontal joint seam in a gabbroid material and in the wall rock adjacent to the seam. 136. T:E:ask, Parker D.: Calcium-carbonate content of some California Mesozoic am Tertiary sediments. Deol. SQc. Am., Bull. 49, p. 1169-~182, 195~3.
- - ~ - - 137. Track, Parker D., et al: 13p. 736. Exhibit B _ Recent =~ne sediments, Tulsa, 1939, (See G:~imj Takahashi, Pettijohn, Kelley, Camel, Gal~iber). . . . . . . . . . . . 138. Twenhotel, W. E. pp. 610. ; Principles of sedimentation. New York, 1939, Deal ~ i ~ the mai n w~ th sedimentation - ~ process - rather Chat with the petrology of the sediments. Speei~ emphasis is given to the environments of sedimentation. The ~neral canposi- tion cf sediments is treated ~ncidenta:Lly in a number of places in this book, particularly in the chapter on the classification of sediments ~d sedimentary rooks Id minerals. Some treatment is .- given also in the orbiters on the own of inorganic sediments fin connection with soils and weathering, 'n the chapter on the classic sediments and in the section dealing with sediments oP chemical Orion. 139. Tyler, S. A' ma Marsden, R. W.: The nature of leucoxene. Jour. Sed. Petro logy, vol ~ 8, p . 55-58 ~ 1938 . Earls er studies of leucox~e are reviewed, the mineral ~s described and X-ray analyses am cor~pa~ed with those of futile and anatase. The X-ray data show that 1eucoxene as a distinct mineral species does not exist but that it is identical with Stile or with anatase. It is recommended that the new be retained to DeskMate mi coo crystal ~ ine .TiO2. Leucox~e is an alteration product; of titani~-tearing miner~s. Alteration may be either bydro-thermal or weathering. . lo. l~y-ler, Stanley ad harshen, Ba:Lph W.: ~ discussion of some of the errors introduced ~n accessory mineral separations. In Beport of the C~rMttee on Accessory Minerals for 1936-1937, ,. . , . ~ ~ fiat. research Council, Washy, 1937, p . 4-15 . These aut:tio:rs studio, in pa:cticular, the effects of crush- i3:~g, washing Id method of separation on middy frequency as. An optic crushing condition was found to exist which would Aide the largest yield of heavy minerals. Different washing procedures gate Cawing aunts of fines but no large variate ~ in -the quantity of heave- minerals or thaw relative :£xequencies. Centr~fuOi~ Fish heavy ~ Maids greatly increased the yield of heaver mineral over ordinary gravity separation but ma ~0~ affect the relative
ash; bit B -- 65 -- frequencies of the severe species in significant manned. Me moat s~g~ticant oral iations ~ n if ea,uency, however, were attributed to difference ~n crushing method used. Emetic separation does n~ effectively separate the mirror accessory minera:Ls Area the [erromagnesian minerals because of overlap of Genetic ~?ermeabi lilies. 141. Orbain, P.: Introduction ~ l' etude petrograp'n~ique et geochimique des roches argilmses. ~ . I¢ethodes chimes. IT . Methodes microscopiques. Act. Scient, et indust. ~ no. 499, Paris, 1937. 142. 143. TJsper~sky, N. A. :: IntroducticI1 a 1 '/tude petrog;raph;que et , . . . . . ~ getochimlque des riches argileuses. ITI. M(thodes theorize, IV. Cathodes roentgeno~aphiqlnres, V. i~ethodes mecaniqlles. Act, scient. et insist., no. DOG, Paris, 1937. On the 1~etlhods of studying argillaceous clays. Problems Soviet Gea., broth 7, p. 1051-1059, 1937 (Russ., ~ng1 .' s it. ~ .: " ' ' ' ' ' ' Notes particularly the advantages of studying clay n~line:eals in thin sections of argillaceous rocks. (G. S. A.) 144. Satan, Andra: ~d;e petro~aphique des sediments Menaces dn cretace Eerier dans le basin~de Paris meridional. Soc. Geo1. France, B . s. 5, t. 8, up. 161-170, 1938. Gr~ulometric and mineral analyses of lower Cret-aceous . . sands of the southern Paris basin, France, reveal an abundance of metamorphic minerals which indicates that the A:~norican massits of northwest Europe were the source of the material fo~ng the sediments, not- the Central rnassif no r the Votes Fountains . ~ G.S.~. 145. Versey, lI. C.: The petrography of ire Permian rocks in the southern pant of the Vale of Ed en. Q. J. G. S., vol. 95, . . p . 275-29S, 1939 . The Permian. of the Vale of Eden is characterized by an . . , anomalous breccia tacies, tone o:r~g~n and source ct which have been much debated. To throw light on this problem the heavy nerds were examined. Me heavy suite is poor in Sect es Ed is thought to have passed through more than one cyc3 e. Zircon, tourmaline' garnet, Futile, Lactase, staurolite, bard tes,
-- 66 It B , . _ .. .. hip ersthene, intro cat ~ c Miocene, chl ori te and mi cas are 1i st ed .. [ebonite, ~gnetitea~ i~.~en~te and loca31:rpyritemakoup the opaque minerals. The frec~uenc~es are summarized in a table. Lava pebbly es. and the p,~,?roxene heavy minerals suggest that some of the material came from ~ southerly source and from the Thin sill and :Barrowdale lava nexuses in particular. The Slier sedi~nen-tary solace supplying most of the debris is believed to - be the Yoredale series. Remarks on the red color and the c=.~ntat~on of the boas conclude this paper. 146. Voelcker, I.: Schwererr neraluntersuch~g der Sa:7de der Dune von Rel~;ola~. Gec1. Deere u. B~mengew. Bd. 1, H. 1, p ~ 5-21 ~ 193? . Heavy: mineral.a~yses of the dale suds of Eelgoland, Germany. - (G. S. A. ) ~ . . . 147. von Ire, R.: A fast and thorough method for impreg;nnting : porous ro cl<: s. Econ..Geol., vol. 32, p.- 38?-3~, 1937. . 148. von Moos, Armin: Gootec~sche ~onsc:~ften und Untersuch ungemethoden der ~ckergeste~ne, Seh~reiz. Bauzei~ Bd. 111, 1938. .- . . . - . Geotechn~c properties and methods of investigation of unconsoli dart ed s ediments . ~ G. S. A. 149 . : Sedimentp'3trograpk`~sche UntersucI~ungen ~n . . . Ost-Groenland, Meddelelser on G~,/~1~, Boa. Vi de:nsk. undersol, 1 Gr¢;r~lana, Bd. 103, Nr. 4 (reprint) . . 150. Waldor,~P. S.: Petrography of the deposits in the road-cut;ting at Whilway. Proc. Geol. Assoc.,.,rol. 48, A. 155-759, 1937. The heavy mineral content of 25 samples taken across 112 feet of Eocene strata is described. The frequency diagram shows "breaks" i~c~tive.of shag in sedime:~ion at the two pebble beds found ~n this sequence. The strata are correlated by means of the heavy minerals wiLth the c;tand~rd Eocene section. , , :: , ,, Id, r . . . ' ~
Exhibit B _ -- 67 - 151. Wasm~.md,,,Erich: Did Schwexminerallagerstatten der deutschen Listen (vorlautige I`~litteilu~. p. 287-300, 1938. Geol . Runds chau, Bd. 29, Occurrence and source of magnetite, i3~ehite, and gamut in the coastal sands of Germany. 152. Watanabe, Ions: Or the use of electromagnetic mineral separator in mechanical analysis of sediments. Geol. Soc. Japan, J. v. 45, p. 287-289, 1938. (G. S. A.) . . 1 53, Wayland, Bussell G.: Optical orientation ~ n elongate clasti c quartz. Am. Tour. Sci. ~ vol. 237, p. 99-109, 1939. A universal-stage study of a thin section of the St. Peter sandstone and of a balsam mount of loose grains from the Mordant sandstone shoved that the c-axis of the quartz grains tended to coincide with the long axis of the grains In the St. Peter, moreover, a de:tin~te fabric ~s evident and since the rock is Without other evidences of deforest' on, Wayland concluded that the fabric was a primary one produced by alignment of the e'~ng.ato quartz grails by the bottom currents at the time of deposit, on. Such elongate shape, that of A prolate spheroid, was probably developed as response to vectorial resistance to abrasion of the quartz. . . . 154. ~ells, A. act:.: ' Petrological applications of the low-power binocular mi croscop e . Mineral . Big., vol ~ 25 , p . 479-480 , 193g . Pebbles, ground flat on one side, are cemented to a glass slide With balsam. Ihe specimen is then camped upside down to the microscope stage and examined through the glass to which it cemented. in 155. Weyl, Richard: Brine Erz~ranatseiten der scliOeswigholsteinischen Kusten Ed ibre Regelm&~sigkeiten in derEomgrossen- und eral-verteilu~. Zs. Geschiebeforschu~' B. 13, H. 2, p, 63-76, 1937. Discusses and tabulates the regularity of mineral Id grain- size distribution in Monet- Id iron-bearir3,~ placers along the coast of Schl eswig-Holstein, Germany. (G. S. A.) 156. White, W. A.: The mineralogy of desert sands. Am. J. Sci., Errol. 237, p . 742-747, 1939.
- - 68 - - _it B_ In order to see In what way desert sands differ ~ineralogi" cagily from ordinary wate=~-laid sediments, some ~33 samples broil the principal riddle and low latitude deserts of Africa, India, Australia, and the United States were examined. In the main the mineral composition of desert am of o:'d~r~ary water-laid sand is the same. Inceptions are calcite, which 13 ubiquitous In the desert sands, and apatite, which is preserrt in 15 of the 33 samples studied. In the larger deserts;, where eolian action is more intense, apatite ze more likely to te absent. The total number of mineral species 's likewise less in the larger deserts than ~n the smaller ones. None of the sands wed: appreciably arkos~ c. ., . 157. Winchell, A. lE. and others: Report of the Oo~;ttee on Accessory Onerous for 1936-1937, IIat. Research Council, Wash~;ton, D. O., 1937, mimeographed. This report contains bibl~ogra;bies and abstracts of the literature on accessory minerals of igneous, sedimentary a:n(1 metamorphic rocks (in C. Tester' p. 32-41; Carl Tonnes, p. 42~a37. Of Special interest and flue to students of sediments 's the contribution by Stanley Tyler and Ralph W. I`~rsden, ~A discussion of some of the errors introduced by accessory mineral separations," and a similar paper by Freak F. Grout, "Accuracy of accessory mineral methods." These authors discuss, with ample e~imental data, the problems of field sa;rap.1e, crushing and screening, sample splitting, washing out fines, mineral separations tic, dielectric, adhesion :methods, screenings;, heavy 1,qmd separations, and char cal methods), and counting (with reference to effect of shape and size on determined fr~u~cies). A section on "standard samples" anti a sw.rmd~ry of 'methods of Gaudy of accessory minerals ,' compl ete the report . 153. Winchell, Horace: - A -new micropycuometer for the determinatic)r of densities of heavy solids. Ad. chin., vol. 22, p. 805~810, 1937. ~ constant volume quar$z-&;lass p~c:~ometer i s described which has been found experimentally capable of givin, results with a probable error of about I..0 per cent, using .03 to .04 cc. of material with a specific ,gravit~y of 4.0 to 7~5, ark Weigh; on an ordinary chemical balance accurate to 0.0001 grace - Author's at stract .
Exhibit -- 69 159. Woodland, A. W.: Metrological studies in the ~arJech Grit Series of I¢'rerior~ethshire. I. l`~et~orphic chafes in the r~udstones of the manganese shale group, Geol. Big., Sol. 75, p. 366-382, 1938; II. The petrography and petrology of some of the grits, p . 440-454; ITI . The development of pyrite in the grits am mudstones, 1?. 528-539. Part IT, who ch deals with ths textual and mineral composi- t~on of the grits as show in thin section and ire heavy m~:aera1 residues from crushed material, Ad Part Ill on. Ate manner of occurrence nnd tomato of the scattered crystals at primary iron sulfide, non pyrite, wi 11 be of int emit to sedimentologi st.s . Irene rocks have bee Objected to low grade metamorphism. 160. Young, John A., Jr.: 311~nerals from deed? sea cores arid surface deposits of Bermud~an calcareous sediments. Am. J. Act., vol. 237, p. 798-810, 1939 . Calcareous sediments of organic origin plus volcanic rocks provide the obvious sources for the deep-water sediments. The latter are mainly fine silts and muds though a little sand is. present in some cores. but about one per dent acid soluble. They are highly calcareous with all The insoluble minerals are quartz, feldspar, hornblende a ted biotite, pit roxene - marked by poir~tea, ~pine-l~ke pro j<3ctions - glauconite and minor accessories such as magnetite, pe3~0vskite and sphere. Zircon, spindle phillipsite, serpentine, Garnet . acatite, rock fragments and Class are also reported. , .. , , ~ (~e sp~ne-l~ke projections on the pyroxene are erroneously, In the revio~wer's opinion. interpreted as original features of this mineral. Sideman am ;~)oeglas have clsewnore - Tsche~ak's htin. Pet. Alit. Bd. 42, 1931, p. 482 - correctly attributed -this feature to solution*) The minerals are (l ~ from local sources ~ (2) authigenic, or (3) 'store". Most important of the foreign meals is quartz. ~ hidden c,uartz-bearing rock Is thought a possible source.
