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40 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND tion, and examining specimens. The Survey cooperates with localities by field studies on water supplies and local mineral resources. Although the filing of oil well logs with the State Geological Survey is not com- pulsory in Kansas, every effort is made to secure such logs, and also samples of cuttings from deep wells. Both the logs and the cuttings are studied by one of the full-time geologists on the staff and are filed for future reference. Oil and gas drillers and other interested parties call upon the Survey in large Lumbers, both in person and by mail or wire, for information in regard to the subsurface formations. The Geological Survey cooperates with the United States Bureau of Mines in the collection of statistics of mineral production in the State. PRESENT MAIN LINES OF WORK The Survey is now undertaking the completion of a geological map of Kansas, scale: 1: 300,000 (in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey), a. study of the deep "shoe-string" oil sands of southern Kansas (also in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey), and cereal geological surveys of a number of counties in the eastern part of the State. In addition to these projects, considerable time is being devoted to subsurface studies in central Kansas, and to studies of the distribution, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. Data are being collected and compiled for the regular annual reports on oil and gas developments, and the preparation of a relief model of the State is in progress. PREVIOUS SURVEY ORGANIZATIONS Previous to 1888 the only State-fostered geological work in Kansas was in 1864-1866 when B. F. Mudge and G. C. Swallow issued two brief preliminary reports. on the geology of the State. KENTUCKY '8 By the passage of Senate Bill 459, the State Legislature, in LIa.rch 1932, abolished the :Kentucky Geological Survey. The Bureau of Mineral and Topographical Survey of Kentucky was established, with a single executive officer who is designated as the Director and State Geologist. The offices of the Bureau are located at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, and the Director and State Geologist, Arthur MacFarlan, is the Professor of Geology at the University of Kentucky. * Information furnished by W. R. Jillson, State Geologist, April, lD29'.

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THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 41 In view of the excellent record of accomplishment of the previous Survey, the following report., prepared by Willard Rouse Jillson in 1929, is submitted to give the history and achievements of the Survey up to that date. The Kentucky Geological Survey was established at Frankfort, :~:en- tucky, in 1854. SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES The scope of work of the Kentucky Geological Survey is wide and general, covering all branches of geological investigation, mapping, pub- lication, once, and laboratory work. Its functions are set out in E:en- tucky Acts of 1920 and as subsequently modified. ORGANIZATION The Statutes of Kentucky provide for a Director and State Geologist, who selects and names all necessary assistants. These consist of assistant geologist, geologic aides, engineers, field assistants, and office assistants. The Kentucky Survey hats no governing board, butt the State Geologist, according to law, reports to the Governor and the Legislature. Dr. Wil- lard Rouse Jillson was appointed Director and State Geologist by the Governor for four years, his term expiring July 6, 1932. The State Geolo- gist is also Curator of the State Museum, situated in the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and he is a member of the State Park Commission. The major portion of his time is spent in the direction, and the routine work, including research, of the Kentucky Geological Survey. Subordinate help includes the following: (~) clerical secretary and chief clerk; (2) geological assistant geologists, geologic aides, field as- sistants, and draftsmen; and (3) topographic and engineering-engi- neers, assistant engineers, rodmen, and camp' help when necessary. All appointments are made by the State Geologist except such designations as are within the United States Civil Service brackets of the cooperative topographical survey, those appointments being made by the Director of the United States Geological Survey. Rodmen for this work are usually appointed by the State Geologist. The :~:entucky Geological Survey is not connected officially with any other State Department or with the University. The State Museum is an integral part of the Kentucky Geological Survey although housed at the University of Kentucky, at Lexington. Cooperation is effected be- tween the Kentucky Geological Survey and the State Highway Depart- ment only to the extent of appropriations for topographical work.

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42 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND APPROPRIATIONS The Kentucky Geological Survey secures its appropriations for geo- logical work, etc., directly from the State of Kentucky through the general budget bills passed in biennial session of the legislature for two- year periods, but the appropriations themselves are made for annual fiscal year periods beginning July ~ of each calendar year, and extending through June 30 of the following calendar year. There are no contingent I . ~ I · ~ ~ I l 1 _ _ll m~:~ ~ __ appropriations anti no support IS GerlVea InTOUgn royalty. 1~115 oul-Vey, however, secures the benefit of the sale of all the publications issued by it. It has no "gratis " publications, the Kentucky Statutes requiring the sale of all maps and reports. Appropriations as indicated above are for annual periods made in biennial units. Present appropriations are: $~7,000 annually for all geological purposes, including office maintenance, printing, and salaries. Returns from the sale of publications, which vary from $3,000 to $6,000 annually, are added to the direct appropriations and used by the Survey for printing. Total geological funds therefore amount to $60,000 or more yearly. This Survey has $~5,000 annually of State funds for topo- ~ra~hic base mapping in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This appropriation was matched during each of the 1928 and 1929 fiscal years by the United town ~ -~ ~ w~ I ~ c States Geological Survey, topographic branch, thus making a total of $300,000 spent during the two years 1928-29. Average detailed annual State expenditures estimated in percentages are as follows: . . . (1) Administrative .... (2) Topographic ...... (3) Geologic work .... (4) Geographic work .. (5) Printing ......... (6) Miscellaneous .... (7) Engineering ...... Per cent ..... 5 .... 56 ..... 22 4 7 4 100 About 65 per cent of Kentucky is now mapped topographically in quad- rangle units, and it is completely base mapped in county units on a scale of 1: 63,360. A separate map is available for each county. For some counties there are several maps such as areal, geological, structural, soil, oil and gas, geographic, etc. This Survey hats available a total of 360 maps.

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THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 43 PUBLICATIONS The publications of the Kentucky Geological Survey have been issued in several series of which the present series is the sixth. The following is a summary of these series and the volumes they contain: Series 1-~ Owen) 4 volumes. Series 2-(Shaler) 6 volumes and miscellaneous publications, bul- letins, and memoirs. Series 2 (Proctor) 9 volumes; grouped reprints of the Shaler Sur- vey, a total of 3,020 pages, of which 1,684 pages cover new investigations, leaving 1,336 pages of reprints. Series 3 (Norwood) 21 bulletins (? ~ 10"), 2 county reports, and four Reports of Progress totaling 2,761 pages. Series 4 (Hoeing) ~ volumes (? ~ 10") published in separately bound parts) totaling 4,280 pages. Series ~ (Jillson) 4 bulletins (6 ~ 9") and one volume of three parts totaling altogether 1,567 pages. Series 6 (Jillson) 34 volumes and 48 pamphlets and separates (6 x 9") totaling 9,904 pages. The :ELentucky Geological Survey in the past has many times been hampered by lack of funds for publication purposes, but at the present time funds are adequate. PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE 1911 After 1911, the Hoeing Survey (1912-1918) was principally directed along economic lines, particularly in coal investigations in eastern Ken- tucky, but it published several general geological reports in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. From 1918 to the present time (:Fifth Bold Sixth Geological Survey) there have been produced a total of 38 separate volumes, 25 pamphlets, and 23 separates, totaling 11,471 pages devoted to the stratigraphic, structural, economic, petro- graphic, and paleontological geology of Kentucky. A set of nine regional geographies of Kentucky has been prepared; of these, six have been published, covering the entire State on a regional basis. A county map on a scale of 1 inch to the anile, or I: 62,500 has been prepared for each county; and for some counties, as indicated above, there are several maps including separate treatments of areal geology, structural geology, oil and gas, geographic base, mining, and quarrying, etc. Since 1912, many new topographic sheets on the scale of 1: 62,500 have been surveyed for the State of Kentucky, and most of these have been issued, making a total of 105 separate sheets now available. At the present time this Survey is surveying 15 or 16 sheets and part sheets annually, the topo- graphic work being done on a cooperative basis with the United States Geological Survey. The surface structural geology of the entire eastern 4