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OCR for page 57
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 57
The manuscript of a. report on the Niagaran limestone of the Upper
Peninsula., by G. M. Ehlers of the University of Michigan, is nearing
completion. This report represents the results of about sixteen years of
field and laboratory study. The county marl reports are in typewritten
form, and tracings showing the deposits have been completed.
PREVIOUS SURVEY ORGANIZATIONS
The first State Geological Survey of Michigan was organized in 1837,
the act establishing it carrying an appropriation of $3,000 for the first
year. During the three succeeding veers ann~.l ~nnr`~nrint.inn~ of .~R non
ran ^^A ~A_ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~^ ~4 ~r ~ ~ vt ~ e ~ trlw.LLo we w rev v ~
¢~,~UIJ, anal ~1;6,()U(), respectively, were made to carry on the work.
Douglas Houghton was State Geologist during the life of the first Survey.
~ v v
The results of the work are contained. in five annual reports, the last
bearing the date of 1842, all of which were published in the State Senate
and House documents. At the end of the fourth year, as no further pro-
vision for the Survey was made, the work ceased.
Geologic work in Michigan was resumed in 1839, when the second
Geological Survey was organized under the direction of Professor Alex-
ander Winchell, but this was quickly interrupted by the outbreal: of the
Civil War. The only publication was a first biennial report of progress,
which was issued in 1861. The third, or present, Survey was crea.tect In
1869.
NOTE.- The above statement regarding previous Survey organizations is taken
from the United States Geological Survey's report on State Geological Surveys
of the United States.
MINNESOTA
The Minnesota Geological Survey was reorganized October I, I91l,
with offices located at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
The purpose of the Survey is to plan and carry out a survey of the
geology and natural resources of the State and to publish reports thereon.
ORGANIZATION
The Survey is governed by the Board of Regents of the University.
The chief executive office is that of Director of the Survey, which posi-
tion is now held by William lI. Emmons. The Director is nominated by
the President of the University and appointed by the Regents. The
* Information furnished by W. H. Emmons, Director, March, 1932.
OCR for page 58
58 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND
present Director was appointed in 1911. No salaries are received, except
part of the salary of the Director. About twenty-two per cent of the
time of the Director is given to the work of the Survey, and about twenty-
two per cent of his salary is charged to the Survey allotment. The re-
mainder of his salary is charged to the University, since the Director is
also Head of the Department of Geology. Part of the time of one secre-
tary is given to State Survey work. To The summer. during the vacation
~ · ~ · 1
period, about sly geologists are employed by appointment by the Board
.
_ ~
of Recants. No one gives his whole time to Survey work, and no one
except the Director receives salary during the winter months. Prac-
tically all of the geologists employed are members of the faculty of the
Department of Geology, or advanced students ill the department, who
act as assistants.
No topographic, engineering, or hydrographic work is done by the
Survey. Such services are provided for by other departments of the
State government.
All appointments are made by the Regents on nomination of the Di-
rector. The geologists employed receive from $200 to $350 per month
for their services. Student assistants are paid from $60 to $75 a month.
All employees receive expenses in the field in addition to their salaries.
APPROPRIATIONS
The Survey is supported by allotments-from the University budget
which for the last four fiscal years have amounted to $9,000 per year.
Of this, $1,500 goes to the salary of the Director; the remainder for the
field work done, and for the publication of maps and reports.
The appropriations are allotted from the University funds which are
decided by the Legislature every two years. Allotments for the last four
years have been $18,000 for each biennium. Administrative and clerical
work of the Survey amounts to about fifteen per cent of the total ex-
penditures; geologic investigations, to fifty-five per cent; and printing
and engraving, to about thirty per cent.
PUBLICATIONS
The publications of the Geological and Natural History Survey of
Minnesota include a series of twenty-four Annual Reports from 1872 to
1898, a series of six Final Reports from 1872 to 1901, and a series of ten
Bulletins from 1886 to 1894. Since the organization of the present
Geological Survey, twelve additional Bulletins have been issued, bringing
the total in this series to twenty-two. A geological map of the State is
OCR for page 59
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 59
now in press. The publications include no reports on subjects other than
geology and related geography. Bulletins 12, 13, and 14 include sec-
tions treating climate and soils of Minnesota; and Bulletin 20 includes
sections on the fauna and flora along Highway No. 1. The Survey work
is hampered by lack of funds. Twice the amount at present received
could be used to advantage.
PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE 1911
Since its organization in 1911, the Survey has made studies of, and
published reports on, the surface formations and agricultural conditions
of most of the State, the clays and shales and foundry sands, and the peat
deposits of Minnesota. The Survey has. also carried orr investigations
of the various iron-ore deposits of the State arid published reports cover-
ing these studies. A bulletin on the subsurface geology and water supply
of northwestern Minnesota has recently been published.
PRESENT MAIN LINES OF WORK
The Survey is now undertaking work on the iron ores of the Cuyur~a
range, on marls and limestones of Minnesota, on underground waters
of the northern part of the State, and the problem of the Rove slate in
northeastern Minnesota, and is also preparing a large-scale map, 1: 500,-
000, which will be accompanied by a bulletin on the mineral resources of
Minnesota.
PREVIOUS SURVEY ORGANIZATIONS
The Geological and Natural History Survey preceded the present
organization. There was no official geological survey and no appropri-
ation for geological work under this organization. Some geological work
was done by it between 1872 and 1900. The income from the sale of salt
spring lands, which amounted to a small sum, was used by the Geological
and Natural History Survey for botanical and zoological work. A small
appropriation was made to Professor C. W. Hall for the publishing of
Water Supply Paper 256 of the United States Geological Survey. This
appeared under the names of Hall, Meinzer, and Fuller, and the work
was done in cooperation with the Minnesota State Board of Health and
the United States Geological Survey. This was practically the only geo-
logical work undertaken between 1900 and 1911, when the present Min-
nesota Geological Survey was organized.
5
Representative terms from entire chapter:
states geological
