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OCR for page 89
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 89
PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE lDll
One of the chief lines of work since 1911 has been the investigation of
the lignite deposits, carried on for many years by the State Geologist and
his assistants. The Survey has prepared and published a geological map
of North Dakota. Detailed studies have been made of the problems of
the glacial drift, Pleistocene drainage changes in western North Dakota,
and the artesian conditions in the State. Investigations have been made
of the gravel and sand deposits of the State, the oil and gas possibilities,
and, in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, of under-
ground waters of the State. The Federal Survey has published a report
on the ground waters. The State Survey has cooperated with the United
States Geological Survey in topographic mapping so! far as limited funds
allowed, and in the preparation of the Bismarck Folio.
PRESENT MAIN LINES OF WORK
The principal subjects of investigation at the present time are the
artesian waters and the gravel deposits of the State.
OHIO *
The organization for geological research in Ohio is known as the Geo-
logica,l Survey of Ohio and since 1921 it has been a Division under the
State Department of Education. The once is located at Orton Hall,
Ohio State University, (Columbus.
The present or Fourth Organization of the Survey dates from 1900.
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
The functions of the Survey are threefold: (~) To study in the field
the rock succession and structure, and the former life recorded in them;
the mineral deposits of value; and the surface features; (2) to publish
in bulletins and on maps the results of' these studies; aIld (3) to assist
by correspondence and interviews those seeking definite information on
some phase of Ohio geology.
ORGANIZATION
There is no Governing Board. The Survey operates under the De-
pa,rtment of Education and in most respects the State Geologist is given
* Information furnished by Wilbur Stout, State Geologist, April, 1929. Revised
March, 1932.
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90 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND
free rein. He is appointed by the State Director of Education. Wilbur
Stout, the present incumbent, was appointed State Geologist on Novem-
ber 9, 1928, to succeed the late Dr. J. A. Bownocker. Compensation is
by annual salary and is fixed by action of the State Legislature.
The clerical staff of the Survey includes an office secretary at a salary
of $l,980. This position is under Civil Service but the State Geolo-
gist is permitted to choose from the eligible list with the approval of the
Director of Education. Also, two student assistants are employed, a
typist and a boy for handling bulletins, filling orders, etc. They are paid
at the rate of forty cents per hour and are not under Civil Service. The
amount expended for student help ire 1931 was $~75.
The technical staff, including chemists and similar technical persons,
consists of one assistant geologist, employed by the year, and ore chemist,
employed as needed. In 1931 the chemist worked nine months. Three
assistant geologists were employed for one month each. Of these, one is
a professor at Ohio State University, one a professor at the University
of New Hampshire (an Ohio man), and one a professor at Oberlin
College. One other assistant geologist was employed for three and one-
half months, collecting samples of brine. A professor in the Department
of Engineering Drawing, Ohio State University, is on our Civil Service
list as engineer. He worked only one-fourth of a month in 1931. The
salaries of the technical staff range from $100 to $208 per month. Tl~ese
positions are filled by the State Geologist from candidates supplied by
the State Civil Service. Some of the geologists employed only during
the summer months are provisional appointees and thus their services
are limited to three months. All of the assistant geologists employed
during the summer, and as needed, are either college instructors or, in a
few cases, advanced students.
The Ohio Survey has no official connection with the Ohio State Uni
versity except that the office is located at Orton Hall, the building where
geology is taught. The Orton DIemorial Library of Geology is located in
the same building and houses the exchanges of the Survey. During the
winter quarter, the State Geologist teaches one class on clays.
APPROPRIATIONS
The Ohio Survey is maintained entirely by the biennial appropriations
allowed by the Ohio General Assembly. The receipts from the sale of
bulletins go directly into the State Treasury. The funds appropriated
for the past three years and for the current fiscal year are as follows:
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THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 91
Year 1929....
Year 1930....
Year lD31....
Year 1932............
. . - . ~ . . .
$15,750.00
15,350.00
17,337.00 (From this a deduction of seven per cent was
made in the Budget office, in order to
balance the appropriation with the financial
resources of the State. This left $16,123.41.)
11,155.00 (A deduction of 15 per cent was made for
1932, leaving only $9,482.)
Of the amount expended for personal service, thirty per cent covers
administrative and clerical work and seventy per cent geologic and
technical work.
The topographic mapping of Ohio has been completed.
PUBLICATIONS
Under the Fourth Organization, thirty-six bulletins have been issued
and two editions of the geologic. map of Ohio.
Previously, earlier organizations of the Survey issued volumes ~ to ~
on Geology and Paleontology. Also the First and Second Annual Re-
ports (1838), Reports of Progress for 1869, and Report of Progress for
1870, First. Annual Report for 1890, and the Geological Map of 1879.
The subjects covered are geological or geographical except for bul-
letins on the uses of hydraulic cement, on the manufacture of hydraulic
cement, on the manufacture of sand-lime brick, on the manufacture of
roofing tile, and on the industrial water supplies of Ohio.
Printing funds have been available for all of the bulletins which have
been prepared.
PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE 1911
Since 1911 the Ohio Geological Survey has conducted studies and
published reports on various economic projects. Some of the most out-
standing of these have been the Bremen oil field, the building stones of
Ohio, the coal formation clays of the State, analyses of the coals of the
State, the peat deposits of Ohio, the industrial water supplies, and the
mineral industries of the State. A cooperative investigation of the
Lawrence clay hats; just been completed in mnjunction with the fronton
Chamber of Commerce and the Engineering Experiment Station of the
University.
The Surrey has also carried on regional investigations on the geology
of ten counties or districts within the State and has made stratigraphic
and paleontologic studies of various individual formations and series of
formations. A publication entitled " Geography of Ohio " has been pre-
pared for use in the schools, and a geologic map of the State has been
issued.
7
OCR for page 92
92 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND
PRESENT MAIN LINES OF WORK
The present work of the Survey is a continuation in the same general
lines previously followed. Work is going forward on a survey of lIolmes
County, an investigation of the corals of the Devonian, and the collec-
tion of oil and gas well logs, and drawing of structural contours on the
topographic maps. An investigation on the brines from the deep-seated
rocks is in progress; fifty samples of brine have been collected over Ohio
and analyzed by the Survey chemist. The work now, however, has had to
stop because of lack of funds. A survey of the geology of Lorain County
was started, but had to be stopped after only one month because sufficient
money was not available for its continuation.
Several investigations started in former years have not recently pro-
gressed. These include several county surveys, a study of the Mononga-
hela formation, and a " Physiography of Ohio " for use in the schools.
Manuscripts have been prepared for some of these, but money is not
available for publication at this time.
PREVIOUS SURVEY ORGANIZATIONS
The following is a summary of the various Survey organizations from
the earliest to the present Survey:
First Organization, 1837-1838. W. W. Mather, Chief Geologist. Pub-
lished First and Second Annual Reports, both dated 1838. Not intended
as a permanent organization.
Second Orgar~izat~on, 1869-1889. J. S. Newberry, Chief Geologist,
succeeded in 1882 by Dr. Edward Orton. Published Reports of Progress
for 1869 and 1870, volumes i-6 inclusive, and Geological Map of Ohio,
dated 1879.
Third Organ~zatiorz. From 1889 to 1894 the funds provided were
sufficient to carry on the work on a small and inexpensive scale; and
from 1894 to the time of his death in 1899, Doctor Orton retained the
position of State Geologist but without any compensation, while during
the first five years he was employed only for part time.
Fourth Orgarz~zatiorr, 1900 to present. :Edward Orton, Jr., became
State Geologist after the death of his father. This organization marks
a change in policy of distribution of the publications, a small charge
being made for all of them. These bulletins and maps are designated
:Fourth Series.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
geological survey
