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OCR for page 279
INDEX
Absorption of gravitation, 183
Acceleration, of gravity. See Gravity of
moon and sun, 86
ADAMS, F. D., 117, 122
ADAMS, J. C., 42, 47
AIRY, G. B., 4, 17, 25, 36, 37, 105, 106,
107, 114, ITS, 120, 122, 131, 149
AT~BRECHT, 276
A11dade, 197
AMBRONN, R., 188
Amphidromic point, 24, 30, 33, 34
A~nphidromic system, 24
Angle measurements, 234
Anomaly. See Gravity and Vertical,
deflection of
ARISTOTLE, 123, 149
Astronomical latitude, 112, 193, 222, 246
Astronomical longitude, 112
Astronomical position, definition, 112,
221
Astronomical transit, 193, 225
Atlantic Ocean, tides in, 29, 30
Atmospheric refraction, 247, 209
AVERS, H. G., 67, 212
Axis of figure, 248, 251, 270
Axis of instantaneous rotation, 248
Azimuth, 132, 194
Laplace, 130, 236
Observation of, 194, 236
Azimuth instrument, 194
BABBAGE, 206
BAIRD, A. W., 47
Balance, Eotvos torsion. See Eotvos
BALDWIN, R., 38
BANCROFT, T. A., 1 17, 122
:13arometric pressure, effect on determi-
nation of gravity, 160
Effect on sea level, 60, 220
BARTON, D. C., 167, 189
Base apparatus, 194
Base measurement, 194, 230
Accuracy, 233
Beach marks, 16
BEAZLEY, C. R., 149
279
Bench marls, 213, 215
BERNOULLI, D., 4, 44
BEELTRAND, G., 39
BESSEL, F. W., 129, 131, 149, 183, 249
BIGOURDAN, G., 149
BORGBN, C., 5, 43, 47, 48
BORSCH, A., 131, 149
Bore, tidal, 12, 81
BOUGUER, 127, 128
Bows, WM., 103, 114, 122, 149, 200, 241
BRADLEY, 250
BRASCH, F. E., 149
BREED, C. B., 200
BROWN, E. NV., 143, 144, 145, 146, 149,
245, 265
BUFFON, 266
BURRED, S. G., 114
BUTTERFIELD, A. D., 149
CAJORI, F., 149
CAREY, R. M., 38
Cassius, J., 125
CAN~NDISH, H., 128, 129
CELSIUS, 127
Centrifugal, acceleration, in tidal theory,
89
Force, in gravity formula, 135
Effect of moving ship on, 165
CHANDLER, S. C., 251, 263, 264
Chanderlerian period or motion, 91, 92,
254, 261, 263, 264, 271, 273, 274, 275
Chronograph, 159, 192, 226
CLAIRAUT, A. C., 135, 149
Clairaut's equation, 135, 146
CLARKE, A. R., 129, 131, 149
CLERKS, A. M., 241
Climate and displacement of pole, 265
CLOSE, C., 61, 67
Coast and Geodetic Survey
Latitude, 250
Leveling, 220
Longitude work, 226
Pendulum apparatus, 155, 163
Triangulation, 198, 241
COBB, MARGARET C., 188
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280
Coincidence interval, 161
Colatitude, 245
COLUMBUS, 125
de la CONDAMINE, 127
CONRAD, V., 264
Contraction hypothesis, 201
Cotidal area, 25
Cotidal line, 24, 30, 94
Cotidal maps, 31, 95
COWIE, G. D., 200, 241
Crust of earth' See 'Earth
DALBY, 1 30
DALY, R. A., 64, 67
DAR\VIN, G. H., 5, 12, 17, IS, 19, 92 37
42, 43, 47, 73, 79' 87 90 91, OO. 99
137, 149, 203, 253, 266, 267
Datum, geodetic, definition. 132
Leveling, 217,
See also Sea level
North American, 132, 2.30
DAUSSY, 61
D.~v~Es, E. R., 190
DAWSON, W. B., 12
DEFANT, A., 29, 35, 38, 39
Deflections of the vertical. See Vertical
Degree, length, 126, 127
DELAMBRE, J. B. J., 128
DECAL NAY, 145
Density, assumption made in comput-
ing isostatic compensation, 109
Difference, oceanic and continental
areas, 107
Earth. See Earth
Depth of compensation, definition, 112
Depth of ocean, maximum, 104
Dixon, 128
DOODSON, A. T., 19, 20, 26, 27, 38, 39,
43, 48, 49, 61, 62, 67
DOWNING, 249
MUTTON, C. E., 119, 122, 201
DYSON, F. W., 264
Earth
Crust, 103
Constitution, 10;7
Definition, 113
Density, 77, 107
Density, laws, 148
Movement of, 245
FIGURE OF THE EARTH
Earth Continued
Fllipticity (flattening), 127, 128 129.
132, 137, 144, 145, 148
Lunar. methods for determining'
143
Figure of, 105, 202
Arab determination of, 125
Definition of, 113
Determination by gravity observ;~-
tions, 134, 153
Creels ideas about, 123
Medieval ideas about, 125
Flattening. See Ellipticity
Movements, 118
Rigidity, 6, 72 75, 77, 10i, 270 272
Shape and size, 123
Size, history, 123
" Solid," tidal rise and fall 68
Sphericity, doctrine of. 125
Tides, 12, 68
Geological conditions, effect of, ~ 6
Measurements, 16
Period. 69
Primal y. 12 68
Secondary or indirect. 12 68, t`5
lfffect of local conditions on 7.5
Viscosity effect, 273
Earthquakes, effect on variation of
latitude, 264
Etches, J., 48
ECKHARDT, E. A., 200, 228, 241
EHLERT, R., 79
Elastic, definition of, 113
Elevations, determination of, 212
Extreme, 104, 212
Ellipsoid, 131, 136
See also Spheroid
Ellipsoid of reference, international, 132
Energy of earth, 82, 84, 85
Dissipation of, 82, 83, 92 95
Eotvos, balance, 167, 170, 177
E:otvos (C. G. S. unit), definition of, 181
Eotv~is, differential, 168
Eotv~is gradient, formula for, 177
EOTVGS, R. von, 167, 183, 188
Equilibrium. See also Isostasy
Interior of earth, 148, 246
Equilibrium tide, 22
F,quinoxes, precession of, 147
OCR for page 281
^) ~-
form of, 1~
Baa ~o Levy surfaces
E~TOSTUE~ES, 124
ESC[~GO~, F~ 39
arm, L., 24T, 24S, 251
[uleri~D period ~ motion, 7T, 234, 203,
270, 271
[alas, 47
EVE, COLONEL, 101
Everest want, 1
Fan structure, 207
~6 ~ ~ ~ ~
Feder~1 Board of Surveys add ~ups,
OF ~
~10
FAKES, a., 188
Few, We 5, 17, 19, 20, 30, 30, 40> 47,
01, 02
[ICHOT, a., 37
FIBCUER, a. C? 134, 198
FISHER, O ~ 202
FISKE, JOHN, 150
Flash apparatus, 157
Flattening. 3~ E~rtb, ellipticity
Fl~ure, 15?, 1~
Flog, ~hcrustu1 or underground, 105,
116, 2~, 208
FORD8AY, W. H., 188
F-~9OIS, Cab 166
FRE~CU, O . B ., 200
Friction, tidal, S1, 273
CALBIS ~ RODRIGGEZ, J., 106
amp, H. C., 16, 74, 76, 7S, SO, 270
Ceodesy, definition, 113
~ 1~
Ceod~ic datum, 132
CeodeOc instruments, 191
geodetic position, dehnition, 113
geographic poshioD
Astronomical determination, 221
Det~miDabon ok 221
geodetic methods, determination by,
Ban
Ceoid, definition, 113
Relation to spheroid, 112, 138~ 228
geologic structure, enact OD Travis,
111, 187
TIC t
geology, problems 201
CEORCE,, P. W., 189
CODING, 127
COLDSBOROGGH, O. R., 27, 28, 37, 38
Amp., J. B., 241
gradient, gravity 172, 177, 180, 184, 186
O^VR~tion, dedniGon, 113
Absorption, 183
Cr~vit~tion~1 ConstuDt, constancy of
, oo
100
Cr~vit~tion~, geld, 108, ~0
Travis
Absolute value, 153
Anomalies, 110
Cb~r~cteH~ics, 143
Perdition, 113
Ceologic structure add, 187
~ ~ hi, 1
Relation to iso~sy, 203
Size, 111
Apparatus, 1S4
Base stupor, 1~
Bats, determination of hours of earth
try, 134
Acts, iso~tic reduction, 1
eEDihon, 113
Determination, 151, 137
Absolute, 152
Errors, 139
Flexure observations, 137, 160> 102
Precision of, 139
Restive, 133
Sea, 163, 1G4
Topography, erect of, 181
E3tvOs torsion balance, 107
Formula, 111, 134, 136
Topographic edects, 109
Pnit of measurement, 184
~ at, 1~
Greek ideas Abut the azure of the
wry, 123
CREEL, C., 36
CLEAN=, 17
CLIL#G ~E, 232
COLDER, 233
HAASE~A~ a, L ., 1 60
MAID, ~ ., 7g
HulDtide levet 01
Ham, J., 117, 122
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282
Harmonic analysis, 41, 74
Harmonic prediction Of tides, 44
HARRIS, R. A., 5, 17, 18, 31, 33, 37, 41,
48, 52, 67
STANFORD, J. F., 114, 131, 150
HECKER, o., 74, 79
lIElLAND, C. A., 189
HETSKANEN, w., 86,94,99, 114, 132, 150
Heliotrope, 196
HELMERT, F. R., 131, 134, 136, 150, 220,
249, 253
HERGLOTZ, G., ~ 1, 79
HF~RSCHED, 206
HESSEN, Hi.' 43, 48, 61
HILLs, 264
HODGSON, c. V., 221, 242
HONDA, 1 8
HOSKINS, L. M., 71, 79
HOSMER, G. L., 200, 242
HOUGH, s. s., 5, 26, 27, 3
HUNTER, J. G., 150
HUYGENS (HUYGHENS), c.' 126, 151
HYRAYAMA, s., 48
Iced-bar apparatus, 231
Instruments, geodetic, 191
Interferometer, for pendulum apparatus,
157
:I?or earth tides, ~ 5
International Astronomical Union, 225,
255, 277
International Geodetic and Geophysical
Union, 225, 241, 255, 277
International Geodetic Association, 241,
250
International Latitude Service, 79, 249,
257, 261, 268, 269, 274
Invar, 160, 191, 194, 232
de l'Is~E, R., 48
Isostatic adjustment, definition, 113
Isostatic anomaly, 110
Isostatic compensation, 109, 128
Definition, 113
Depth, 103, 107
Minimum area, 103, 110, 116
Isostatic equilibrium, 103, 137, 203
Definition, 113
Isostatic level, 207
Isostatic reduction, 108, 111
FIGURE 0E TI-IE EARTH
Isostasy, 103, 137, 203, 240
Airy's conception of, 106, 118, 120
Definition, 103, 116
Disturbance of, 206
Geological thought, influence on, 116
History, 105
Pratt's conception of, 105, 106, 110,
118
JADELRIN, 231
.JI3FERF~YS, H., 38, 39. 61 67, 71, 78, 79.
83, 86, 91, 96, 99, 114, 117, 122, 260,
272, 273
Jot Y. 66
JONES, H. S., 14~;
JONES, J. H., 146, 190
JOR.DAN, NAT., 220
MARCHER, J. C., 228
T(ATER, H., 152
I\ELVIN, LORD. See THOMSON, SIR ANT.
KIMURA, E., 263, 269, 277
Kimura term, 269
KING, E. S., 265
KRUGER, L., 131, 149
HUSTLER, 249, 250
LACAILLE. 1 28
LALLEMAND, C., 220
LAMB, H5, 21, 25, 26, 37, 38, 253
L,LMBER.T, W. D., 5, 12, 16, 68? 80, 81.
99, 123, 150, 245, 254, 264, 268, 275
Lamp, signal, 196
LAscAsTER-Jo~xE`s, E., 188, 189
LAPLACE, P. S., 4, 90 26, 27, 36, 73, 130,
148
Laplace stations' 130
Laplace's principle, 20
Laplace's problem, 26
Lapland, geodetic work in, 127
LARMOR, J., ~ 6, 80, 203. 264
Latitude, 221
Astronomical, 245
Definition, 112, 245
Determination of, 222
Geocentric, 136
Geodetic, 113
Geographic, 136
Reduced, 136
Seismic creep, effect of, 245
Tide-producing forces, effect of, 246
OCR for page 283
INDEX
Latitude-Continued
Variation of, 79, 97, 224, 245, 254
Astronomical significance, 274
Earthquakes, effect of, on, 264
Euler's discussion, 247
Geophysical significance, 270
Observations, 250, 254, 257
LEGENDRE, 148
LE MONNIFR, 127
LENTZ, H., 17
Level, 198, 212
Leveling
Accuracy of, 217
Classification of, 214
Trigonometric, 220
Leveling instruments, 198
Leveling methods, 212
Leveling rod, 199, 213
Level net, adjustment of, 216
Fundamental, 216
Level surface, 135, 215
Distortion, 168
Liver, 5
Lout, J., 253
Longitude, 221
Definition, 112
Determination of, 225
Differences of, determination of, 130
Geodetic, 113
Radio time signals, determination by,
228
Telegraph determination by, 226
LOVE, A. E. H., 71, 74, 80
LUBBOCK, J., 5, 43, 61
McL~xTocx, N\. F. P., 189, 190'
MARCUSEl, 250
MARMER, H. A., 17, Id, 50, 67
MASON, 128
M.\TSUXAMA, M., 269
MAUPERTIUS, 127
MAXWELI,, J. C., 90, 249
Mean sea-level, 217, 272
Definition, 50
Determination, 64
Geodetic, 50
Geographic 50
Slope of, 219
Surface, 66
Variation of, 218
283
MEINESZ, F. A. V., 111, 139, 163, 164,
165, 166
Meinesz apparatus, 164
MEISSNER, O., 79
Mendenhall apparatus, 154
MENDENHALT-, T. C., 154, 166, 206
MICHELSON, A. A., 16, 74, 76, 78, 80,
157, 233, 270
Micrometer, impersonal, 226
Micrometer microscope, 197, 234
MILLER, A. H., 114
Mo~ToR, D., 220
Moon,
Figure of, 146
Origin, 96
Parallax, 143
Recession from earth, 85, 98
Tides, effect on, 6
MORSE, :E?., 200
Motion, equation A, 21, 253
Mountain peals, elevation of, 220
Mountain ranges, cause of elevation,
117
Mountains, roots, 118
MUELER, Q., 150
NANSEN, :F., 114, 121, 122
Neap-tides, 7
NEwcoMs, S., 249, 251, 252, 263, 27Q
~ EWTON, I., 3, 36, 126, 143
NOMITSU, T., 63, 67
North Sea, tides in, 32
NUMEROV, B., 190
Mutation, Eulerian, 249
See also Eulerian period
NYREN, 249
Oceans, ~
Enclosed, tidal motion in, 25
Mobility, effect on motion of pole,
251, 271, 272
Tidal friction in, 83
Zonal, tidal motion in, 28
OKAMOTO, M., 63, 67
OETAY, K., 186, 190
ORDNANCE SURVEY, 220
ORI~OFF, A., 74, 80
Orthometric correction, 215
ORTT, F. L., 61, 67
Oscillation, center of, 152
OCR for page 284
OCR for page 286
Representative terms from entire chapter:
harmonic analysis
2S4
PAL~ER, H. R., 13
FARKUCRST, ~. [., 191, 200
~ C~ 1
PeDdulum,
Compound, 131
I]ummy, 136
Horizont~t 73
ID#~G 160
Inv~riu~le, 133
l{Dife edge for, 136
Retsold, 1~2
Iteversible, 152
PODOP19iP, 121
Ferturb~tions, lun~r. Ser [~rth, cUip
. .
tlclty
Peru, (coJetic ~ork i~, 127
PETE~ C. A. F~ 249
PE]~:RS, B., 39
PHAFF, 49
F8E~ISTER, J~ 189, 190
Pbysic~l geogrupLy, problems of, 201
PICARD, 126
PIZET]], F., 139, 130
Plu~ic, dehnition of, 113
Plasticity, 90
P[c~tion, system~tic, 20S, 210
PLI~Y IOF [L~, 4
numb line. ~a~ Ve~icu1
FOI~CAR(, I1~ 3, 2S, 37
Annuu1 componeDt, 237, 262
14-montb (Cb~ndeH~D) component,
236, 203
Observed, 237
Tbeoretic~1 curve, 235
P~r Oceun, tidsJ motioD iD, 27
Folc, ~
)4otion, oLserved, 257
)4otion, periods in, 268
)Totion, seculur, 20S
Sh~ting, hypotb~4s of, 97, 266
Pole of Egure (Pole of inertiu),232,25S,
2~9, 263
Pole of rotiLon, 252, 255
POLLAK, L. W., 268
Fosidon, ~stronomic~l, 112
[~or~ 228
Ceodetic, 113, 229
CeogrupLic, 221
FotenG~l, lTe~toDi~n, 13S, 176, 184, 213
P=TT, J. B. (A=8DEACO~), 10?, 100
107, 114, 113) 118, 122, 128, 203
Precession of tbe equinoxe~. Sca E~rtb,
e-~#
Predi~ion of hdes, 43
FRESTO~, 206,230
Primo v~~t dehnidon, 113
DO~CCUOD, 130
PROUD~A~, J., 2S, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 48
PRZBYLLO~, E~ 78, 80, 269, 272, 273, 274
PTOLE~Y, C ~ 124, 123
PLT~, C. R~ 113
PYIHAGO~ 123
PYTHEAS OF )~ASSILIA, 4
(RichtEruft) v~lDe, 170, lS0, 18)
R^DAP, R., 148, 130
R^PSCUELB.\CH, I1., 48, 49
~, ~
VOD REBECR
INDEX
Sea-level,
Mean, 50
Variation in, 51, 219
Causes of, 60
Versus half-tide level, 51
Seas, shallow, tidal friction in 83, 92 96
Seismic creep, study by tr iangulation
241, 245
SHAW, H., 188, 189
SHIDA, T., 269
Signal lamp, 196
de Sentry, M:., 144, 145, 148 149, 266
So, 125
Spheroid definition of. 114
Difference between spheroid and cl-
liE'soid, 130
Effect of changes on triangulation 132
SI>IT.~LER, R., 260
Spring tides, 6
von STERNECK, GE~TEIR.~L R. D154, 166
von Sternecl~ pendulum al~-'aratus, 169
STERNECK, R., 29, 31, 33, 37, 38, 39, 48,
94, 95
STETSON, H. T., 79, 80, 269
STOKES, G. G., 5, 135, 138, 139, 150
Stoles' theorem, 138, 140
STRABO, 124
STREET, R. O., 73, 80
Strength, differentiated fr om r igidity,
117
SVERDRUP, H. U. 39
S\VAIN, L., 2G, 38
S\VICK, C. H151, 166
Svzv~v 81
~ v - A,
TAT, P. G. 23, 72
T.~LCOTT, 222, 250, 254
Talcott's method, 222, 254
Tape gauge, 13
Tapes, 194, 231
THOR, G. 1., 33, 38, 83, 94, 99
Telescope transit, Carolyn, 222
Telescope, transit instrument, 102, 193
198
Telescope, zenith, 222
Theodolite, 197, 227, 234
Tno~Psox, MA. NV., 63, 67
THOMSON, SIR W., (LORD KELVIN), 5, 6.
19, 23, 26, 36, 37, 42, 46, 47, 72, 253
266
280
THOR.\DE, H., 39
Tidal day, 51
Tidal friction, 81, 273
Tidal motion, equation of:, 21
Tidal records,
Harmonic analysis, 41
Non-harmonic reduction 40
Tidal theory, 19
History, 3
Tide gauges, 13
Tide staff, 13
Tidc-producing forces, effect on lati-
tude, 246
Effect on rotation, 88
Tides,
Com~.~tation, 40
~ ,
Dynamical theories, 19
Equilibrium theory 23
I;,quilibrium type, 68
Friction, effect of, 81, 273
General characteristics, 6
Harmonic analysis, 41
Harmonic prediction, 44
History, 3
Instruments for observatiol:l 13
Moon, effect of, 6
Non-harmonic prediction, 43
Prediction, 40
Shallow water, 46
Types of, 7
Time determination, 192
Observation, 925
TISSERAND, F., 253
Toise, definition, 126
" Of Peru," 127
Topography, definition of, 114
Torsion balance, Eotvos,
Fundamental formula, 180
Theory, 167
Towers, signal, for triangulation. 234.
235
Transit, instrument, 191, 193, 225
Transit micrometer, 192
Triangulation, 229
Accuracy, 240
Adjustmen+, 237
Classification, 236
Computation 132
Definition, 114
it.
286
Triangulation Continued
Instruments, 194
Scientific uses, 239
Seismic creep, study of, by, 241, 246
Station tablet, 237
Turbulence, water, 81
TURNER, H. H., 22, 73, 79
FIGURE OF THE EARTH
VAN BERESTEYN, M. H., 48
VAN DER STOW, J. P., 37, 48
VERON NET, 148
Vertical, changes in direction of, 245
Definition, 112
Deflection of, 105, 110, 127, 129, 144,
2067 229, 240
Residual, 113
Viscosity, elastico, definition, 90
Of earth. See Earth
Of subcr~st, 207
Of water, 81
Volcanic action, causes, 201
TANACH, B., 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 268,
276
Water, coefficient of viscosity, 81
NN! ELBSTER, A. G., 249
~ EGEMANN, G. 37
SECEDER, A., 61, 245
NAi egener's hypothesis, 245, 274
TVHEWE=, Hi., 5, 30, 36
NA! MITE, D., 115
TVIECHERT, E., 137, 150
Mind, effect on sea-level, 61
~ ITTING, 61
Y.\MAMOTO, M., 269, 270
YULE, G. U., 2B4
Zenith telescope, 193, 222
.
.~
