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The Life Sciences Recent Progress and Application to Human Affairs The World of Biological Research Requirements for the Future (1970)
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

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. "Chapter 9: Biology and the Future of Man- The Nature of Man." The Life Sciences Recent Progress and Application to Human Affairs The World of Biological Research Requirements for the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1970.

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Page
427
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Page
427
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Contents (R11-R20)
Major Conclusions and Recommendations (1-31)
Chapter 1: Frontiers of Biology (32-35)
The Language of Life (36-51)
The Life and Times of a Cell (52-70)
Development of an Organism (71-79)
Form and Function (80-91)
The Nervous System (92-108)
Behavior (109-114)
Ecology (115-121)
The Origin of Life (122-125)
Heredity and Evolution (126-132)
The Diversity of Life (133-141)
Chapter 2: Biology in the Service of Man- Biological Research and Medical Practice (142-176)
On Feeding Man (177-187)
Man and His Environment (188-194)
Renewable Resources (195-209)
Industrial Technology (210-219)
Chapter 3: The World of Biological Research (220-222)
Where Life Scientists Work (223-228)
Mobility of Life Scientists (229-229)
Previous Education of Working Life Scientists (230-238)
Postdoctoral Training (239-244)
Educational Limitations (245-245)
With What Materials Do Life Scientists Work? (245-247)
With What Species Do Life Scientists Work? (248-251)
What Facilities and Tools Do Life Scientists Use? (252-256)
The Research Group (257-260)
What Do Life Scientists Do? (261-263)
Financial Support of Research in the Life Sciences (264-274)
Research Institutes (275-275)
Natural History Museums (275-275)
Biological Disciplines (276-277)
Chapter 4: The Academic Endeavor in the Life Sciences (278-278)
Academic Departments (279-305)
Medical Schools as Research and Educational Enterprises (306-313)
Agricultural Schools as Research and Educational Enterprises (314-315)
Financing Academic Research in Life Sciences (316-331)
Chapter 5: Requirements for the Future of the Academic Endeavor in the Life Sciences (332-332)
Individual Scientists (333-339)
Department Chairmen (340-350)
National Considerations (351-356)
Chapter 6: Education in Biology (357-359)
Elementary and Secondary Education (360-363)
University Education (364-384)
Chapter 7: Digital Computers in the Life Sciences (385-385)
General Facts about Computer Usage (385-387)
The State of Computer Application in the Life Sciences (388-401)
Conclusions and Recommedations (402-404)
Chapter 8: Communication in the Life Sciences (405-406)
Special Problems in Handling Biological Information (407-407)
Users of Biological Information (408-408)
Informal Information Transfer (408-410)
Primary Publication (411-418)
Review Articles and Data Compliation (419-422)
Secondary Information Services (423-423)
Specialized Information Center (424-424)
Libraries (425-425)
Looking Forward (426-426)
Chapter 9: Biology and the Future of Man- The Nature of Man (427-427)
The Great Hazards (428-451)
The Opportunities (452-470)
Methodology: Survey of Individual Life Scientists (471-499)
Methodology: Survey of Academic Life Science Departments (500-519)
Panels and Contributors (520-526)

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OCR for page 427
CHAPTER NINE BIOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF MAN THE NATURE OF MAN The forces shaping the short-term future of man, perhaps to the turn of this century, are apparent, and the events are in train. The shape of the world in the year 2000 and man's place therein will be determined by the manner in which organized humanity confronts several major challenges. If sufficiently successful, and mankind escapes the dark abysses of its own making, then truly will the future belong to man, the only product of biological evolution capable of controlling its own further destiny. Social organizations, through their political leaders, will determine on peace or war, on the use of conventional or nuclear weapons, on the encouragement or discouragement of measures to limit the growth of populations, on the degree of increase in food production, and on the con- servation of a healthy environment or its continuing degradation. These and lesser decisions will affect the composition of the human species. Some major population groups will grow in numbers, others will de- cline, relatively or absolutely, as they have in the past. Thus, in the seven- teenth century, Europeans and their descendants on other continents made up approximately 20 percent of the world's population; in 1940 they repre- sented nearly 40 percent of all people. A relative increase of Asian and African peoples has developed more recently. Each trend was the result of such complex circumstances as the opening of sparsely inhabited con 427

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