|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 137
Subject Index
Adams-Williamson equation, 38, 42, 52
Adiabatic gradient, 38, 39
in core, 54-56, 68
in divariant zone, 115-117
in lower mantle, 41-42
in upper mantle, 66
Argon, and potassium in earth, 24-25
,13-phase, 35-36
Boussinesq approximation, 80, 117
Brunt-Vaisala frequency, 68
Chandler wobble, 12
Chemical convection, 67
Convection,
in core, 67, 70
effect on temperature, 2~30, 122
at high Rayleigh number, 105-106, 108
in mantle, patterns of, 10~110
Core,
adiabatic gradient in, 5~56
composition of, 49-52
cooling of, 97-98
equation of state of, 52-54
formation of, 19-21
heat output of, 95-100, 103, 110, 119
influence on mantle convection,
118-120
137
stability of, 68-70
temperature, 65-66
Coriolis force, 73
D '-layer, temperature in, 36~4
Delayer, temperatures in, 36-44
as a thermal boundary layer, 44
thermal conductivity of, ~ l 46
Debye temperature, 42-43, 46, 57
Distributed heat sources,
effect on convection, 104-110
Rayleigh number for, 105
Efficiency,
from entropy balance, 85-87
of gravitational dynamo, 95
of mantle, 10~104
of thermal dynamo, 75-83, 88
Electrical conductivity, in core, 71
Energy,
to drive plates, 8-11
seismic, 7
sinks, 1-13
sources, 15-28
Entropy balance equation,
in core, 83-88
in mantle, 101-104
OCR for page 138
138 Subject Index
Entropy production, 83-87
and efficiency of dynamo, 85
in mantle, 101-104
Eyring's significant-structure theory, 59
Fe-FeS system,
phase diagram, 61
volumetric relations in, 91-95
Fe-O system, 49-51
Fourier's law, 2
Geomagnetic field,
energy in, 7(~74
generation of, 74
Geotherms,
in lower mantle, 3~49
in mantle transition zones, 35-36
from nodules in kimberlites, 33-34
"oceanic", 29
"shield", 29
Gravitational dynamo, 88-99
Gravitational energy, 18
and formation of core, 1~21
and formation of inner core, 89-91
Grueneisen's ratio, 42, 44, 46, 52, 54, 55,
61
Heat conduction,
entropy production by, 83~6, 101
Fourier's law of, 2
Heat of crystallization of iron, 70, 96, 98
Heat flow,
from mantle, 2~28
and radioactivity of crust, 26
regional variation of, 3
at the surface, 2-3, 10~103
Heat loss from earth, 13
Heat, metamorphic, 5-7
Heat output, of core,
from gravitational dynamo, 95-99
and temperature gradient in layer D",
44 46
for thermal dynamo, 87-88
Heat, volcanic, 4
Hugoniot parameters, for core, 52-53
Immiscibility, 95
in Fe-FeS system, 62
in Fe-O system, 51
Inner core.
gravitational energy of, 89
temperature in, 53, 66
temperature gradient in, 74
Iron, melting point of, 56-60
Kilauea, 4
Kimberlites, nodules in, 33-34
Kinetic energy, of rotation, 11-12
Krakatoa, 5
Lherzolites, radioactivity of, 23
Lindemann's theory of melting, 56-57,
61
Lorentz force, 73-75, 79
Low-velocity zone, 31-33
Mantle,
composition of, 36
convection patterns in, 104 111
influence on core convection, 12~121
phase transitions in, 35-36
radioactive content of, 23-26
radiogenic heat in, 100
temperature in, 31-49, 65 66
temperature gradient in, 31~9
Melting,
in Fe-S system, 60~4
of iron, 5~60
in low-velocity zone, 32
Metamorphic heat, 5-7
Moon, acceleration of, 21
Nusselt number, in lower mantle, 47
Oceanic ridges,
heat flow at, 3
rate of lava production at, 4
Ohmic dissipation, 71, 74, 75, 87, 90
Olivine-spinel transformation, 35-36
Original heat, 1, 15-18
Partial molar volume, 91-94
Perfect solution, 91, 96
Phase changes,
and convection, 114-118
in upper mantle, 35-36
Plate tectonics, 8-11
Potassium,
content of earth, 24
OCR for page 139
Subject Index 139
and cooling of earth, 121
in core, 24-25
"High" K-model, 121-123
"Low'' K-model, 121-123
relation to sulfur, 24
Prandtl number, 107, 108
Radiogenic heat, 23-28, 70, 104
Rayleigh number, 47
for distributed heat sources, 105
effect on convection pattern, 105-106,
111
relation to Nusselt number, 47
Reynolds magnetic number, 72
Rotation,
effect on heat flux from core, 111
kinetic energy of, 11-12
Silicon, in core, 49
Strain energy, 7, 103-104
Structure, 2, 13, 123-124
Sulfur,
in core, 4~52
effect on melting of iron, 60 64
in meteorites, 51
Taylor number, 111
Temperature,
of accretion, 1~17
of condensation in nebula, 16
Temperature, in core,
from equation of state, 52-54
at inner-core boundary, 56 66
summary, 65~6
Temperature, in crust, effect of
reactions on, 6
Temperature gradient, effect on
efficiency of dynamo, 83
Temperature, in mantle,
from conduction equation, 29-30
at core-mantle boundary, 48
in low-velocity zone, 31-33
in lower mantle, 3~49
in mantle transition zones, 35-36
from nodules in kimberlites, 33-34
summary, 6`L66
Thermal conductivity, in layer D",
45-47
Thorium,
heat generation, 25
in mantle, 24
Tidal friction, 21-23
Transition zones in mantle, 35, 36
Uplift of mountains, 8
Uranium,
heat generation by, 25
in mantle, 23, 100
Viscous dissipation, in mantle, 101-102
Volcanic heat, 4
Volumetric relations in Fe-FeS system,
91-95
Von Zeipel instability, 112-114
Yellowstone, 4
Representative terms from entire chapter:
lower mantle
