formulas for distributing funds, 103, 104, 124-133 (passim)

foundation aid, 12, 59, 88, 106, 119-120, 131, 257, 261

inputs into education, general, 102-103, 104, 119, 121, 124-125, 126, 128, 166, 264

outcomes of education, 2, 102, 117-120, 122, 166, 264

political factors, 2, 103, 105, 110, 111, 112-113, 132, 133, 166

poverty, 103, 119-120, 125, 127, 128, 133, 198, 265

professional judgment model, 114, 120-123

quantitative vs qualitative, 103-104, 112

research on, 102, 114-130

school-based factors, individual schools, 102, 113, 118, 120(n.9), 130-131, 133

socioeconomic factors, general, 102, 103, 107, 109, 112, 115, 118, 120, 125

special-needs students, 110-111, 127, 265

state-level issues, 6, 80, 101-102, 103, 105, 107-111, 112, 114-131 (passim), 133, 166

court decisions, 6, 80, 101-102, 103, 106, 107-112, 122, 132-133, 166, 167

legislation, 110-111, 112, 122, 130-131, 133, 166

test results, 113-117 (passim), 120

urban areas, 103, 111, 128

whole-school designs, 114-115, 122, 123-124, 151, 153, 196, 213, 225

Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 58, 235

African Americans, see Black persons

Alabama, 54, 97, 103, 107, 108, 111, 210-211

Alaska, 85, 121, 169

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 157

American Community Survey, 198, 323-324

Arizona, 85, 107, 111, 230, 245

Arkansas, 85, 90, 251

Attitudes, see Public opinion

B

Bagley v. Raymond School Department, 230

Bilingual education, 82, 86-87

Black persons, 43, 145

educational attainment, 45

poor, 21, 51

rural areas, 68

spending reforms, 91

test scores, 45-46

urban areas, 18, 47-51, 70

Brown v. Board of Education, 6, 18, 68, 70, 82, 99, 100

Bureaucracy, 18, 155, 156, 158-160, 174, 208

Burrus v. Wilkerson, 74

C

California, 129

class size, 212

equity, 87

revenue raising, 58, 71, 72-74, 76, 235, 236, 245, 249-253, 254, 255-256, 258, 262

special education, 224

spending, 31, 87, 90, 98, 224, 249-253, 258

Serrano v. Priest, 71, 72-74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 87, 96, 250-253, 256 , 258, 318

teachers, 169

Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York, 108

Campbell v. State, 109

Categorical programs, 6, 10-11, 60, 73, 81-82, 214, 259-260

gifted and talented programs, 82, 214

incentives, 10-11, 60

Front Matter (R1-R16)

Executive Summary (1-12)

1 Introduction (13-25)

2 Setting the Stage (26-64)

3 Equity I—Spending on Schools (65-100)

4 Equity II—The Adequacy of Education (101-133)

5 Improving the Productivity of Schools (134-162)

6 Achieving Goal 1: Promoting Higher Achievment in a Cost-Efficient Way (163-195)

7 Achieving Goal 2: Breaking the Nexus (196-231)

8 Achieving Goal 3: Raising Revenue Fairly and Efficiently (232-262)

9 Conclusion (263-275)

References (276-314)

Appendix A: Data Needs (315-325)

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches (326-334)

Index (335-352)