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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "4 Overview of Garrison, Field, and Supplemental Protein Intake by U.S. Military Personnel." The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.

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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance

TABLE 4-3 Energy and Protein Intake by Male Soldiers: Recent Studies

Study

N

Ration Type

Energy (kcal)

Protein (g)

% Energy

Pohakuloa, 1984 (F)*, (Askew et al., 1986)

 

MRE

2,273

99

17.4

Ft. Riley, 1986 (G), (Szeto et al., 1987)

43

A

3,112

123

15.8

Ft. Lewis, 1986 (G), (Szeto et al., 1987)

31

A

3,173

125

15.8

Ft. Devens I, 1987 (G), (Szeto et al., 1988)

54

A

2,978

111

14.9

Ft. Devens II, 1988 (G), (Szeto et al., 1989)

52

A

3,165

132

16.6

Alaska, 1989 (F), (Edwards et al., 1989)

31

MRE

2,009*

91§

NA

Ft. Chaffee, 1991 (F), (Thomas et al., 1995)

34

MRE + pouch bread

2,462

103

16.7

Ft. Chaffee, 1991 (F), (Thomas et al., 1995)

32

A

2,911

126

17.3

Chocolate Mtn., (F), (Tharion et al., 1997) 1994

31

UGR

2,631

105

15.9

Chocolate Mtn., 1994 (F), (Tharion et al., 1997)

32

UGR + Suppl

3,050

93

12.2

Ft. Polk, 1995 (G), (Cline et al., 1997)

38

A

3,003

103

13.7

Hunter Army Airfield, 1996 (G), (Champagne et al., 1997)

73

A

2,773

98

14.1

Hunter Army Airfield, 1996 (F), (Champagne et al., 1997)

31

MRE

2,439

86

14.1

Average G

 

 

3,034

115

15.2

Average F

 

 

2,587

104

16.1

NOTE: MRE, Meal Ready-to-Eat; UGR, Unitized Group Ration; NA, not available.

* F = Field study.

† G = Garrison study.

‡ Carbohydrate beverage supplement provided ad libitum.

§ Data reported as mean of days, not mean of individuals.

Page
98
Front Matter (R1-R18)
Executive Summary (1-16)
I Committee Summary and Recommendations (17-18)
1 Committee Review (19-76)
2 Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations (77-82)
II Authored Papers and Workshop Discussions (83-84)
3 Protein and Amino Acids: Physiological Optimization for Current and Future Military Operational Scenarios (85-92)
4 Overview of Garrison, Field, and Supplemental Protein Intake by U.S. Military Personnel (93-108)
5 The Energy Costs of Protein Metabolism: Lean and Mean on Uncle Sam's Team (109-120)
6 Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Effects of Aging and Hormones (121-136)
7 Effects of Protein Intake on Renal Function and on the Development of Renal Disease (137-154)
8 Infection and Injury: Effects on Whole Body Protein Metabolism (155-168)
9 Inherent Difficulties in Defining Amino Acid Requirements (169-216)
10 Amino Acid Flux and Requirements: Counterpoint Tentative Estimates are Feasible and Necessary (217-242)
11 Physical Exertion, Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism, and Protein Requirements (243-254)
12 Skeletal Muscle Markers (255-278)
13 Alterations in Protein Metabolism Due to the Stress of Injury and Infection (279-284)
Discussion I (285-288)
14 Amino Acid and Protein Requirements: Cognitive Performance, Stress, and Brain Function (289-308)
15 Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Glutamine, and Protein Hydrolysates: Rationale for Effects on Metabolism and Performance (309-330)
16 Dietary Supplements Aimed at Enhancing Performance: Efficacy and Safety Considerations (331-340)
Discussion II (341-346)
Appendixes (347-348)
A Workshop Agenda (349-352)
B Biographical Sketches (353-368)
C Acronyms and Abbreviations (369-372)
D Proteins and Amino Acids - A Selected Bibliography (373-410)
E Protein and Energy Content of Selected Operational Rations (411-412)
Index (413-429)