National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

Activity Report

December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999

Food and Nutrition Board

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE Prepared by

Mary I. Poos,

Rebecca Costello, and

Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1999

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to enlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. In this, the Institute acts under both the Academy's 1863 congressional charter responsibility to be an adviser to the federal government and its own initiative in identifying issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

This report presents a summary of activities of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) and its Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women (BCNH) from December 1, 1994, through May 31, 1999. All of the activities mentioned here have resulted in reports that were previously published or submitted as letter reports to the sponsor and as such were reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This activities summary has not been separately reviewed and represents an overview of all activities during the project period as designated.

The activities of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) from December 1, 1994, through May 31, 1999, were supported by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The activities of the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women (BCNH) from August 15, 1995 to September 30, 1998, were supported by grant DAMD17-95-1-5037 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. A separate report on the activities of the BCNH Subcommittee was submitted in June 1998.

This report is available for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Lock Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 Call (800) 626-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area), or visit the NAP's online bookstore at www.nap.edu.

For more information about the Institute of Medicine and the Food and Nutrition Board, visit the IOM's and FNB's home pages at www.national-academies.org/iom and www.national-academies.org/iom/fnb.

Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCH (in December 1994)

ROBERT O. NESHEIM (Chair),

Salinas, California

RICHARD L. ATKINSON,

Departments of Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison

WILLIAM R. BEISEL,

Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

GAIL E. BUTTERFIELD,

Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California

JOHN D. FERNSTROM,

Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania

JOËL A. GRINKER,

Program in Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

G. RICHARD JANSEN,

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins

ORVILLE A. LEVANDER,

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland

GILBERT A. LEVEILLE,

Nabisco Brands Incorporated, East Hanover, New Jersey

JOHN E. VANDERVEEN,

Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C.

Food and Nutrition Board Liaison

JOHANNA T. DWYER,

Frances Stem Nutrition Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University and New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

U.S. Army Grant Officer Representative

JAMES A. VOGEL,

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts

Staff

BERNADETTE M. MARRIOTT, Program Director

DONNA F. ALLEN, Project Assistant

SUSAN M. KNASIAK, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCH (Current)

JOHN E. VANDERVEEN (Chair),

Rockville, Maryland

LAWRENCE E. ARMSTRONG,

Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology, and Exercise Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs

GAIL E. BUTTERFIELD,

Nutrition Studies, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California

WANDA L. CHENOWETH,

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing

JOHN D. FERNSTROM,

Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania

ROBIN B. KANAREY,

Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts

ORVILLE A. LEVANDEK,

Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland

ESTHER M. STERNBERG, Chief,

Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior Section, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Food and Nutrition Board Liaison

JOHANNA T. DWYER,

Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical Center Hospital and Departments of Medicine and Community Health, Tufts Medical School and School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts

U.S. Army Grant Officer Representative

LTC KARL E. FRIEDL,

Military Operational Medicine Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland

Staff

MARY I. POOS (from May 23, 1998), Study Director

MARIZA SILVA (from August 31, 1998), Senior Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD (in December 1994)

JANET C. KING (Chair),

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley

EDWIN L. BIERMAN (Vice Chair),

Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle

JOHN W. ERDMAN, JR. (Vice Chair),

Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana

CUTBERTO GARZA (Vice Chair),

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

PERRY L. ADKISSON,

Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station

LINDSAY H. ALLEN,

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis

DENNIS M. BIER,

Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

FERGUS M. CLYDESDALE,

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

HECTOR F. DeLUCA,

Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

MICHAEL P. DOYLE,

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens

JOHANNA T. DWYER,

Frances Stern Nutrition Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University and New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

SCOTT M. GRUNDY,

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas

K. MICHAEL HAMBIDGE,

Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver

LAURENCE N. KOLONEL,

Epidemiology Program, Cancer Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu

SANFORD A. MILLER,

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio

ALFRED SOMMER,

The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

VERNON R. YOUNG,

Laboratory of Human Nutrition, School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

STEVE L. TAYLOR (Ex-Officio),

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

ARTHUR H. RUBENSTEIN (IOM Council Liaison),

Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

Staff

ALLISON A. YATES, Director

BERNADETTE M. MARRIOTT, Associate Director

GAIL E. SPEARS, Administrative Assistant

JAMAINE L. TINKER, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD (Current)

CUTBERTO GARZA (Chair),

Division of Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

JOHN W. ERDMAN, JR. (Vice Chair),

Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

LINDSAY H. ALLEN,

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis

BENJAMIN CABALLERO,

Center for Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

FERGUS M. CLYDESDALE,

Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

ROBERT J. COUSINS,

Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville

JOHANNA T. DWYER,

Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical Center Hospital and Departments of Medicine and Community Health, Tufts Medical School and School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts

SCOTT M. GRUNDY,

Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

CHARLES H. HENNEKENS,

Harvard Medical School and Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

SANFORD A. MILLER,

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio

ROSS L. PRENTICE,

Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

A. CATHARINE ROSS,

Department of Nutrition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park

ROBERT E. SMITH,

R. E. Smith Consulting, Inc., Newport, Vermont

VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS,

Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

VERNON R. YOUNG,

Laboratory of Human Nutrition, School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

STEVE L. TAYLOR (Ex-Officio),

Department of Food Science and Technology and Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Staff

ALLISON A. YATES, Director

GAIL E. SPEARS, Administrative Assistant

GARY WALKER, Financial Associate

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

Preface

The issues addressed in this report as well as in the previous activity report, Committee on Military Nutrition Research Activity Report April 1, 1992–November 30, 1994 (IOM, 1994a), illustrate the diversity of activities addressed by the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee). This diversity has required the use of a broad range of expertise to respond to the issues brought to the CMNR. The range of scientific disciplines represented on the CMNR has been augmented as necessary through the use of workshops or special advisors to enable the CMNR to bring the degree and breadth of expertise necessary to properly respond to the subject under review. The committee has been pleased with and is very appreciative of the willing participation of the invited participants in these sessions and of their provision of written papers, which have constituted a major part of the CMNR reports. Many of these workshops have included experts from within the military who have shared their research activities and information. They have been excellent representatives of the quality of research conducted by the military on many of these problems.

The military is to be commended for continuing to ensure that the nutritional needs of its personnel are adequately met during the stress of military operations through its support of nutrition and related research. There has also been interest and support for modifications of rations of military personnel consistent with the advice provided by the nutrition and public health leadership in the United States. The CMNR is cognizant of the desire to balance long-term health considerations with the demands of maintaining performance under the environmental extremes of military operations.

The ability of operational rations to help sustain military performance has been the subject of CMNR review since 1982. Field studies have shown nutrient intake, other than calories, is sufficient to maintain the weight and performance of troops in the field. Complex interactions involving palatability of the ration

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

components, convenience, fluid intake, socialization, and physical and psychological stresses that influence the consumption of operational rations are discussed in the publication, Not Eating Enough, Overcoming Underconsumption of Operational Rations (IOM, 1995a). Further evaluation of these complex factors are reviewed in the reports, Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (IOM, 1999b), The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance (IOM, 1999c), and the letter report on Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Military Personnel (February 12, 1999) and will undoubtedly continue to be of interest to the military and the CMNR.

We appreciate the close working relationships with James A. Vogel, who is now retired; Harris R. Lieberman, who replaced him at the Military Nutrition Division (currently the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division) at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; and LTC Karl E. Friedl of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command for the excellent liaison they have provided between the military and the committee. They greatly assisted the work of the committee by bringing issues forward for consideration and helping to identify expertise familiar with these problems, particularly from within the Armed Forces.

As chair, I express my deep appreciation to all of the committee members past (Richard L. Atkinson, William R. Beisel, Joël A. Grinker, G. Richard Jansen, Gilbert A. Leveille, Douglas W. Wilmore) and present who have given their time, dedication, and expertise to the careful analysis of the issues and to developing the conclusions and recommendations of the committee. I would especially like to thank Dr. Robert O. Nesheim, who retired as Chair of the committee in June 1998, for providing the strong and thoughtful leadership for CMNR since its inception in 1982. He is a hard act to follow. I also thank all participants in the many workshops who have greatly aided our activities and assured that the appropriate expertise has been available to the committee.

Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to the staff of the Food and Nutrition Board assigned to this activity over the past 5 years. In particular I acknowledge for myself and the entire committee the outstanding support presently provided to this activity by Mary I. Poos, study director and Mariza Silva, project assistant. I also extend my sincere appreciation to Rebecca B. Costello, former study director; Bernadette M. Marriott, former study director; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry, former program officer; Susan M. Knasiak-Raley, former research assistant; Melissa L. Van Doren, former project assistant; and Donna F. Allen, former project assistant. They have worked with extreme dedication to update and complete publication of several pending CMNR reports and to assure a timely response to the issues currently under consideration by the committee.

JOHN E. VANDERVEEN, Ph.D.

CHAIR

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×

 

 

A Review Of Antioxidants And Oxidative Stress In Military Personnel

 

41

 

 

Military Strategies For Sustainment Of Nutrition And Immune Function In The Field

 

45

 

 

The Role Of Protein And Amino Acids In Sustaining And Enhancing Performance

 

49

 

 

References

 

53

 

 

Appendixes

 

 

   

A. Meetings of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (including meetings of the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women), December 1, 1994–May 31, 1999

 

59

   

B. Biographical Sketches of Members of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research, December 1, 1994–May 31, 1999

 

65

   

C. Conclusions and Recommendations from the Workshop Report Not Eating Enough, Submitted September 1995

 

77

   

D. Letter Report: Review of the Revision of the Medical Services Nutrition Allowances, Standards, and Education (AR 40-25, 1985), Submitted October 1995

 

95

   

E. Letter Report: Review of Issues Related to Iron Status in Women During U.S. Army Basic Combat Training, Submitted December 1995

 

121

   

F. Conclusions and Recommendations from the Workshop Report Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments, Submitted March 1996

 

141

   

G. Conclusions and Recommendations from the Brief Report Pennington Biomedical Research Center September 1996 Site Visit, Submitted November 1996

 

163

   

H. Conclusions and Recommendations from the Workshop Report Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research, Submitted September 1997

 

185

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R12
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R13
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9633.
×
Page R14
Next: Summary »
Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999 Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $70.00 Buy Ebook | $54.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!