• Front Matter R1-R6

• Keynote Lecture The Emergence of the National Science Foundation as a Supporter of Ocean Sciences in the United States 1-8

• Landmark Achievements of Ocean Sciences Achievements in Biological Oceanography 9-21

• Achievements in Chemical Oceanography 22-43

• Achievements in Physical Oceanography 44-50

• Achievements in Marine Geology and Geophysics 51-64

• Deep Submergence: The Beginnings of Alvin as a Tool of Basic Research 65-66

• The History of Woods Hole's Deep Submergence Program 67-84

• Creating Institutions to Make Scientific Discoveries Possible A Chronology of the Early Development of Ocean Sciences at NSF 85-92

• Ocean Sciences at the National Sciences Foundation: Early Revolution 93-95

• Ocean Sciences at the National Sciences Foundation: An Administrative History 96-106

• Two Years of Turbulence Leading to a Quarter Century of Cooperation: The Birth of UNOLS 107-116

• Scientific Ocean Drilling, from AMSOC to COMPOST 117-127

• Technology Development for Ocean Sciences at NSF 128-134

• Large and Small Science Programs: A Delicate Balance The Great Importance of “Small” Science Programs 135-140

• The Role of NSF in “Big” Ocean Science: 1950 to 1980 141-148

• Major Physical Oceanography Programs at NSF: IDOE Through Global Change 149-151

• Major International Programs in Ocean Sciences: Ocean Chemistry 152-162

• Ocean Sciences Today and Tomorrow The Future of Physical Oceanography 163-168

• The Future of Ocean Chemistry in the United States 169-171

• The Future of Marine Geology and Geophysics: A Summary 172-183

• Out Far and In Deep: Shifting Perspectives in Ocean Ecology 184-191

• Global Ocean Science: Toward an Integrated Approach 192-194

• Education in Oceanography: History, Purpose, and Prognosis 195-200

• Evolving Institutional Arrangements for U.S. Ocean Sciences 201-206

• NSF's Commitment to the Deep 207-209

• Fifty Years of Ocean Discovery 210-211

• Argo to ARGO 212-213

• The Importance of Ocean Sciences to Society 214-216

• Appendix A: Symposium Program 217-222

• Appendix B: Symposium Participants 223-232

• Appendix C: Poster Session 233-234

• Appendix D: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences: Senior Science Staff, Rotators, IPAs, and Visiting Sciences 235-246

• Appendix E: Support of Ocean Sciences at NSF from 1966 to 1999 247-249

• Appendix F: Organizational Charts 250-257

• Appendix G: NRC Project Oversight 258-258

• Appendix H: Acronyms 259-262

• Index 263-270

• Supplementary Pictures 271-278

" Appendix A: Symposium Program ." 50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950-2000 . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000 .

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