50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950-2000

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50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950-2000 (2000)
Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER)
Ocean Studies Board (OSB)

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. "Front Matter." 50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950-2000. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000.

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50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950—2000

Contents

KEYNOTE LECTURE
		The Emergence of the National Science Foundation as a Supporter of Ocean Sciences in the United States John A. Knauss		3
LANDMARK ACHIEVEMENTS OF OCEAN SCIENCES
		Achievements in Biological Oceanography Richard T. Barber and Anna K. Hilting		11
		Achievements in Chemical Oceanography John W. Farrington		22
		Achievements in Physical Oceanography Walter Munk		44
		Achievements in Marine Geology and Geophysics Marcia K. McNutt		51
		Deep Submergence: The Beginnings of Alvin as a Tool of Basic Research Sandra Toye		65
		The History of Woods Hole's Deep Submergence Program Robert D. Ballard		67
CREATING INSTITUTIONS TO MAKE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES POSSIBLE
		A Chronology of the Early Development of Ocean Sciences at NSF Michael R. Reeve		87
		Ocean Sciences at the National Science Foundation: Early Evolution Mary Johrde		93
		Ocean Sciences at the National Science Foundation: An Administrative History Sandra Toye		96
		Two Years of Turbulence Leading to a Quarter Century of Cooperation: The Birth of UNOLS John V. Byrne and Robertson P. Dinsmore		107
		Scientific Ocean Drilling, from AMSOC to COMPOST Edward L. Winterer		117
		Technology Development for Ocean Sciences at NSF H. Lawrence Clark		128
LARGE AND SMALL SCIENCE PROGRAMS: A DELICATE BALANCE
		The Great Importance of "Small" Science Programs G. Michael Purdy		137
		The Role of NSF in "Big" Ocean Science: 1950 to 1980 Feenan D. Jennings		141
		Major Physical Oceanography Programs at NSF: IDOE Through Global Change Richard B. Lambert, Jr.		149

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Front Matter (R1-R6)

Keynote Lecture The Emergence of the National Science Foundation as a Supporter of Ocean Sciences in the United States (1-8)

Landmark Achievements of Ocean Sciences Achievements in Biological Oceanography (9-21)

Achievements in Chemical Oceanography (22-43)

Achievements in Physical Oceanography (44-50)

Achievements in Marine Geology and Geophysics (51-64)

Deep Submergence: The Beginnings of Alvin as a Tool of Basic Research (65-66)

The History of Woods Hole's Deep Submergence Program (67-84)

Creating Institutions to Make Scientific Discoveries Possible A Chronology of the Early Development of Ocean Sciences at NSF (85-92)

Ocean Sciences at the National Sciences Foundation: Early Revolution (93-95)

Ocean Sciences at the National Sciences Foundation: An Administrative History (96-106)

Two Years of Turbulence Leading to a Quarter Century of Cooperation: The Birth of UNOLS (107-116)

Scientific Ocean Drilling, from AMSOC to COMPOST (117-127)

Technology Development for Ocean Sciences at NSF (128-134)

Large and Small Science Programs: A Delicate Balance The Great Importance of “Small” Science Programs (135-140)

The Role of NSF in “Big” Ocean Science: 1950 to 1980 (141-148)

Major Physical Oceanography Programs at NSF: IDOE Through Global Change (149-151)

Major International Programs in Ocean Sciences: Ocean Chemistry (152-162)

Ocean Sciences Today and Tomorrow The Future of Physical Oceanography (163-168)

The Future of Ocean Chemistry in the United States (169-171)

The Future of Marine Geology and Geophysics: A Summary (172-183)

Out Far and In Deep: Shifting Perspectives in Ocean Ecology (184-191)

Global Ocean Science: Toward an Integrated Approach (192-194)

Education in Oceanography: History, Purpose, and Prognosis (195-200)

Evolving Institutional Arrangements for U.S. Ocean Sciences (201-206)

NSF's Commitment to the Deep (207-209)

Fifty Years of Ocean Discovery (210-211)

Argo to ARGO (212-213)

The Importance of Ocean Sciences to Society (214-216)

Appendix A: Symposium Program (217-222)

Appendix B: Symposium Participants (223-232)

Appendix C: Poster Session (233-234)

Appendix D: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences: Senior Science Staff, Rotators, IPAs, and Visiting Sciences (235-246)

Appendix E: Support of Ocean Sciences at NSF from 1966 to 1999 (247-249)

Appendix F: Organizational Charts (250-257)

Appendix G: NRC Project Oversight (258-258)

Appendix H: Acronyms (259-262)

Index (263-270)

Supplementary Pictures (271-278)