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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
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APPENDIX E

Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

GLOSSARY

Beamline

A corridor through which radiation (synchrotron or neutron) flows from the core facility to experimental instruments. Beamlines can be constructed and supported either by the facility or by outside groups and may provide radiation to multiple instruments.

Cold neutron

A neutron beam with especially long wavelengths produced by a reactor. Especially useful in conducting research on the properties of soft matter, such as proteins or polymers.

Core facility

The section of a facility producing the basic commodity necessary to conduct experiments, such as the synchrotron radiation, neutron beam, or high magnetic field, but generally not accessed by users.

Dedicated

A dedicated facility is one designed from the start to serve optimally the needs of experiments in condensed phase matter rather than high-energy physics. A dedicated beamline or instrument is one devoted to a particular experimental technique.

High magnetic field

With current technology, a field above approximately 15 T.

Materials science

Study of the structure and dynamics of condensed phase matter.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×

Parasitic

Attached to a core facility to take advantage of the byproduct of the core while it is being operated for other purposes.

Partners

Organizations that provide support for research conducted at a user facility, usually for the experimental units. Partners may be federal agencies, state governments, universities, for-profit corporations, or nonprofit organizations.

Reactor

A type of neutron source that creates continuous neutron beams through controlled chain reactions involving nuclear fission of certain radioactive elements.

Spallation

A type of neutron source in which a particle accelerator directs packets of high-energy protons at heavy metal targets, producing a burst of neutrons that can be used for condensed phase matter research.

Stakeholders

Interested participants in the facilities enterprise. These include individual users; facility-based user groups, organizations, and review committees; and more broadly based user groups, organizations, and committees.

Steward

The government body responsible for supporting the core of a user facility, generally a federal department or agency with a mission interest in the research conducted and that has the knowledge and experience necessary for construction and operation of the facility.

Stewardship

A system of funding, managing, and operating national, multiuser facilities whereby the core facility is entirely supported by one agency: the steward.

Subfacility

A subset of a user facility, usually supported by an agency other than the steward, designed to conduct research of a specific type, designated either by field or by type of instrumentation used. Examples are the Center for High Resolution Scattering, supported by NSF at NIST CNR, and MacCHESS, supported by NIH at CHESS, devoted to studies of macromolecular structures.

Synchrotron

A device creating radiation by accelerating relativistic charged particles and deflecting them with a magnetic field.

User facility

Any site or laboratory equipped to provide the synchrotron radiation, neutron beam, or high magnetic fields required to conduct research into the properties of matter that allows guest researchers to perform experiments to further their own research goals.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ALS

Advanced Photon Source

APS

Advanced Light Source

BERAC

Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee

BES

Office of Basic Energy Sciences (U.S. Department of Energy)

BESAC

Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee

CAMD

Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices

CAT

collaborative access team

CESR

Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring

CHESS

Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source

CNR

Center for Neutron Research (NIST)

CRG

collaborative research group (Europe)

DOC

U.S. Department of Commerce

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

EMR

electron magnetic resonance

ENSA

European Neutron Scattering Association

ESRF

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

FEL

free electron laser

FOB

facility-operated beamline

FRM-II

Neutron Reactor at the Technische Universität Munich, Germany

HFBR

High Flux Beam Reactor

HFIR

High Flux Isotope Reactor

ICRMS

ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy

IDT

instrument development team

ILL

Institut Laue Langevin (France)

IPNS

Intense Pulsed Neutron Source

ISIS

Spallation Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom

LANSCE

Los Alamos Neutron Science Center

MacCHESS

Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source

MURR

Columbia Research Reactor Center at the University of Missouri

NHMFL

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

NRC

National Research Council

NSF

National Science Foundation

NSLS

National Synchrotron Light Source

OECD

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

OMB

Office of Management and Budget

ORNL

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×

ORPHÉE

Neutron Reactor at the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Saclay, France

OSTP

Office of Science and Technology Policy

PRT

participating research team

R&D

research and development

SANS

small-angle neutron scattering

SAXS

small-angle x-ray scattering

SDT

spectrometer development team

SINQ

Swiss Spallation Neutron Source

SNS

Spallation Neutron Source

SPEAR

Storage Ring at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

SRC

Synchrotron Radiation Center (University of Wisconsin)

SSRL

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory

SURF

Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility

T (tesla)

A unit of magnetic flux density, equal to 10,000 gauss

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×
Page 68
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×
Page 69
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×
Page 70
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 1999. Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9705.
×
Page 71
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The Committee on Developing a Federal Materials Facilities Strategy was appointed by the National Research Council (NRC) in response to a request by the federal agencies involved in funding and operating multidisciplinary user facilities for research with synchrotron radiation, neutrons, and high magnetic fields. Starting in August 1996, a series of conversations and meetings was held among NRC staff and officials from the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Department of Commerce), and the National Institutes of Health. The agencies were concerned that facilities originally developed to support research in materials science were increasingly used by scientists from other fields—particularly the biological sciences—whose research was supported by agencies other than those responsible for the facilities. This trend, together with the introduction of several new, large user facilities in the last decade, led the agencies to seek advice on the possible need for interagency cooperation in the management of these federal research facilities.

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