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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Index

A

Accidents and injuries

I: 33–34

II: 290, 328, 359, 361–362, 363, 366

Acculturation, see Assimilation

Adolescents

alcohol and drug abuse,

II: 311, 327, 328–334, 329, 341

Blacks,

I: 350–384 (passim), 423

II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47, 323–339, 340–341, 361–364 (passim)

see also “teenage pregnancy” infra

crime and criminal justice system,

Blacks, II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47, 311, 323–334

homicide, II: 311, 322, 323–328, 340–341

dropouts,

I: 26, 76, 117, 179–180, 423

II: 73, 109, 331

educational issues, other,

I: 350–364, 369–384

II: 73

see also “test…” infra

employment, II: 101

firearms, II: 328, 335, 338–339, 361, 362, 363, 364

health issues, general,

I: 18

II: 322–339, 340–342, 359–364, 365–366, 367

Hispanics,

I: 375

II: 323, 328–331, 332, 361, 362, 363

homicide, II: 311, 322, 323–328, 340–341

immigrants, general, I: 230, 231

mortality, II: 323–327, 359, 361–362, 363– 364

peer pressure,

I: 375–378

II: 331

population age structure, I: 45–48

psychosocial problems, II: 311, 322–339, 340–342

smoking,

I: 33

II: 328–331 (passim), 333

suicide, II: 311, 322, 335–339, 341

teenage pregnancy,

I: 62, 65, 66–67, 68, 76–77, 93, 423

II: 147, 340, 359, 361, 362, 365–366, 399

I and II indicate the respective volumes to which the page numbers refer.

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

test scores, affirmative action,

I: 323, 334, 335, 337–342

test scores, cross-group comparisons,

I: 12–13, 350–364

II: 73–74, 313

violence, II: 311, 322, 323–328

wages, II: 109

Whites, II: 323–331, 335–337, 363

Adults, I: 14

disabled, II: 267

drug use, II: 331, 332, 341

health status,

I: 17

II: 371–410

household structure, I: 24–25

immigrants, general, I: 230, 231

population age structure, I: 45–48

see also Elderly persons;

Military service;

Veterans

Affirmative action, I: 12, 318–347

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 171, 274

attitudes toward,

I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–344

II: 36

Blacks,

I: 272–273, 274, 318, 321, 331–332, 334–344

II: 5, 9, 10, 36, 75–79, 139, 190, 191, 193, 202, 204–214

classification of race and, I: 326

conference agenda,

I: 475

II: 437

criminal justice system and, II: 5, 9, 10, 36

defined, I: 318–319

education,

I: 319, 327–329, 332, 333, 334–335, 336, 337–342, 348

II: 198

electoral issues, I: 319, 329–331

employment,

I: 271, 274, 319–320, 322, 323–325, 332–337, 342

II: 69, 75–79, 104–105, 113–114, 204

funding and,

I: 319, 320–321, 322, 324, 325–326, 343–344, 426–427

II: 76–77

government contracting,

I: 319, 321, 326

II: 204, 205

Hispanics,

I: 14, 123, 124, 274, 328, 335

housing,

I: 320, 427

Jews,

I: 328, 335

litigation,

I: 326–329, 333–334

II: 207, 215–217

local-level,

I: 319, 325–326, 331

II: 205–207, 208–213, 214–217

military personnel,

I: 15

II: 186

minority-owned businesses,

I: 325–327, 329–330

II: 190, 191, 193, 202, 204–217, 219

poverty and,

I: 328–329, 338–339, 340

reverse discrimination,

I: 324, 326, 327–329

II: 207, 214

set-asides,

I: 325–327, 329–330

II: 205, 214–217

state-level,

I: 319, 325–326, 329–330, 331, 333

II: 206

test scores, I: 323, 327–329, 334, 335, 337–342

Whites,

attitudes toward, I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–330, 331–337

other,

I: 324, 326, 327–329

II: 75

women,

I: 319, 321, 324, 325, 331, 334, 336, 337

II: 113–114

African Americans, see Blacks

Age Discrimination Act, II: 77–78

Age factors, I: 44–49

affirmative action, attitudes toward, I: 333

American Indians,

I: 47, 48, 65–66, 67, 68, 75, 86–87

II: 165, 266, 282

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 48, 49, 66, 68, 81, 86–87

II: 282

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Blacks,

I: 45, 46, 48, 66–67, 68, 71, 93, 350–356

II: 9, 13, 42–43, 165, 340, 378, 387

disabled persons, II: 267

educational attainment I: 114, 116

see also “test scores” infra

employment, II: 101, 144, 146–147

fertility, I: 62–63, 65–67, 68, 69

Hispanics,

I: 47–48, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 81, 85, 86–87, 114, 116, 119, 350, 352–356

II: 58, 165, 261, 292, 378

household structure, I: 25

immigrants, general, I: 47, 49, 206, 208–209, 229–232

life expectancy,

I: 80–84, 86–87, 93

II: 256, 257, 265, 382–383, 384–385

marital, I: 62, 71, 75, 93

political factors, I: 62

test scores, I: 350–356

wealth, II: 234–237

welfare, II: 165, 167

Whites,

I: 45, 46, 48, 62, 66–67, 68

II: 9, 42, 46–47, 165, 378

see also Adolescents;

Adults;

Children;

Development;

Elderly persons;

Infants;

Life expectancy

Aggregation and disaggregation techniques

I: 4–6, 22

II: 59, 228, 332, 341, 343

Agricultural sector

American Indians, I: 152

Hispanics, I: 59–60, 213–214

immigrants, I: 59–60, 200–201, 213–214

internal migration, I: 58

see also Rural areas

AIDS

I: 34, 92

II: 259, 377–378

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), II: 153–158, 160, 161–162, 163, 168, 169

see also Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

Alabama, II: 28

Alaska, I: 15, 140

Alaskan Natives, see American Indians and Alaskan Natives

Alcohol and drug abuse, II: 343, 399

adolescents, II: 311, 327, 328–334, 329, 341

American Indians, II: 320–321, 340

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 320–321

Blacks,

I: 6

II: 3, 4, 12, 14–18, 26, 29–30, 36–40, 46–47, 328–334, 341, 381, 382, 397

cocaine, II: 4, 12, 15–18, 26, 29, 39, 46, 47, 326, 328, 331, 333

criminal justice system,

I: 6

II: 3, 4, 12, 14–18, 26, 29–30, 36–40, 46–47, 326, 328, 329, 331, 333

fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320–322, 340

health effects of alcohol, other, II: 275–276, 375–376, 380

Hispanics, II: 328–331, 332, 382

marijuana, II: 16, 39, 328, 329, 333

suicide and, II: 335

treatment, II: 327, 333

Whites, II: 39–40, 46–47, 328–332, 381, 382

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

American Academy of Pediatrics, II: 315

An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy

I: 103–104

II: 254

American Indians and Alaska Natives, I: 16, 38, 135–169

adolescent violence, II: 323

age factors,

I: 47, 48, 65–66, 67, 68, 75, 86–87

II: 165, 266, 282

attitudes, I: 155

Bureau of Indian Affairs, I: 139

businesses owned by, II: 202

census data,

I: 42, 137–138, 140, 142, 388

II: 371

children, II: 353, 359, 360

Civil Rights Movement and, I: 153, 159

classification of,

I: 5, 41, 137–138

II: 257, 371, 383–384, 387, 398

crime and criminal justice system,

I: 34, 35

II: 44, 323, 340, 378, 379

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

cultural factors,

I: 16, 138, 139–140, 142–143, 147–148, 151, 153–165

II: 398

see also “language factors” infra

demographics, general, I: 16, 22–23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 137–138, 140, 141, 165

diseases and disorders, II: 60, 157, 267

economic conditions, general, I: 15, 31, 38, 60–61, 145–147

education, I: 137, 147–155, 166

educational attainment,

I: 148, 149, 180

II: 165, 167, 292, 319

elderly, II: 266, 282

employment,

I: 60–61

II: 134, 135, 146, 164, 165

fertility, I: 64–71 (passim), 93, 137

gambling on reservations, I: 146–147

gender factors,

I: 180

II: 340

health care, II: 285, 422

see also “Indian Health Service” infra

health-care professionals, II: 286, 295

health risk factors, II: 272–276 (passim)

health status, general,

I: 135–137, 147, 292

II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 262–263, 276, 383–384, 398

see “immunizations,” “infant…,” “life expectancy,” and “mortality” infra

homicide and assaultive violence,

I: 34, 35

II: 323, 340, 378, 379

housing conditions, I: 36–37

immunizations, II: 359, 360

income,

I: 31, 38

II: 164

Indian Health Service,

I: 91

II: 262, 282, 383–384

infant mortality,

I: 32–33, 34, 88–89, 90, 146

II: 264, 357, 362, 364

infants, birth weight, II: 319

infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320–321, 340

intermarriage,

I: 16, 75, 76, 142, 149

II: 293

language factors, I: 142, 149, 154

legal issues,

education, I: 149–150, 151

litigation, I: 143–144, 145

remains of dead, I: 154(n.10), 158–161, 166

tribal membership requirements, I: 139–140, 144

tribal sovereignty, I: 143–144, 145, 146–147, 165–166

legislation,

general, I: 16, 143–144, 145, 149–150, 159–162

specific, I: 60, 140, 143–144, 152, 154(n.10), 160–161

life expectancy,

I: 81, 93

II: 262

marriage,

I: 16, 73, 75–76, 77, 79, 93, 142, 149

II: 164, 166, 293

see also “intermarriage” supra

Medicare, II: 282

military service, I: 60

mortality,

I: 32–35, 80, 81, 82–83, 86–89, 91, 92, 93, 137, 146

II: 256, 258, 264, 266, 372–380, 383–384, 387

political factors, I: 16, 138, 143–145, 147, 153, 155–166

population size and growth,

I: 16, 22–23, 61, 135–138, 140

II: 254

poverty,

I: 146

II: 292

prenatal care, II: 279

racism and discrimination,

I: 147–149, 420

II: 391

regional demographics, I: 22–23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 136(n.2), 141

religion, I: 147–148, 154, 155–165

relocation of,

I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 141, 150, 151–152

II: 44

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

reservation inhabitants,

I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 77, 138–139, 140, 142, 143–144, 150–151

II: 44, 263

see also Indian Health Service

state-level factors,

I: 139, 140, 145, 150, 159–160, 251

II: 384

suicide, II: 337–338, 379–380

teenage pregnancy,

I: 67, 68, 93

II: 359, 361

tribal affiliation/enrollment, I: 138–140, 142–143

tribal membership requirements, I: 139–140, 144

tribal sovereignty, I: 143–144, 145, 146–147, 165–166

undercounting, I: 42, 388

urban areas,

I: 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 71, 141–142, 150, 151–152

II: 262–263

veterans, II: 422

wealth, II: 227, 237–238

welfare,

I: 15, 147

II: 156–157, 164–165, 166, 171

Anti-Drug Abuse Act, II: 15, 26

Antiquities Act, I: 160

Apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

see also Jim Crow laws

Arizona, I: 109, 140

Armed Forces, see Military service

Armed Forces Qualification Test, II: 141

Asian Indians

classification of, I: 41, 177, 255

criminal justice system, II: 44

educational attainment, I: 180, 181, 209

fertility, I: 66

health status, general, II: 266

immigrants, I: 51, 60, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210

mortality,

I: 81, 83

II: 263

regional demographics, I: 51, 60

single parents, I: 77

Asian Pacific Planning and Policy Council, I: 173

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 16, 17, 94, 170–199, 277

adolescent violence, II: 323

affirmative action, I: 171, 274

age factors,

I: 48, 49, 66, 68, 81, 86–87

II: 282

attitudes of, I: 189, 209, 223

businesses owned by, II: 202

cancer, II: 373–374, 380, 386

cardiovascular disease, II: 372–373

census data, I: 177–178

children, II: 319, 352, 353

children of immigrants, I: 228–229

Civil Rights Movement, I: 173, 174

classification of,

I: 5, 22, 40, 41, 170(n.1), 177–178, 255, 267

II: 257, 371, 384–385, 387, 398

conference agenda,

I: 474–475

II: 436–437

criminal justice system, II: 44, 45

cultural factors,

I: 69, 178, 222, 223, 245–246, 260

II: 263, 287, 384–385, 398, 399

demographics, general, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57–58, 60, 93, 174–182

disabilities, II: 267

education, I: 188–189, 192

educational attainment,

I: 174, 179–182, 187–189, 209, 251, 348, 379

II: 102–103, 142, 145, 292, 319

elderly, II: 266

electoral issues, I: 170–174, 178, 179, 180, 182–193

employment,

I: 225, 227

II: 102–104, 126, 128, 129, 130–132, 133, 134, 135, 145

fertility, I: 63, 66, 68, 70, 71, 93

funding, electoral participation, I: 171, 172, 173, 192

gender factors,

I: 180

II: 102, 126, 128, 129, 130–132, 133, 134, 135, 141–143, 145

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Hawaii, residing in,

I: 51, 60, 171, 173, 176, 183, 185, 186, 191

II: 399

see also Hawaiian Natives

health care, II: 285

health-care professionals, II: 286

health insurance, II: 281–282, 283

health risk factors, II: 272–276 (passim)

health status, II: 256, 263, 272–276, 281–282, 283, 285, 286, 292, 373–374, 380, 384–385, 386, 398

housing conditions, I: 36–37

immigrants,

I: 23, 38–39, 48, 55–56, 57, 91, 93, 173, 175–176, 177, 184–189, 192, 205, 209, 210, 213–220, 223, 227–228, 407–409, 425

II: 44, 237, 282

see also “naturalization” infra

immunizations, II: 362

income,

I: 30–31, 32, 114, 411

II: 102, 128, 129, 229

infant mortality,

I: 32, 88–89, 90

II: 265

infants, birth weight, II: 319

infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320–321

intermarriage,

I: 75, 76, 177, 178, 259

II: 293

life expectancy,

I: 81

II: 263, 266

litigation, I: 173, 255

marriage,

I: 16, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 177, 178, 259

II: 164, 166, 266, 293

mental illness, I: 178

mortality,

I: 81, 82–83, 86–89, 90, 91

II: 258, 263, 265, 266, 371–380, 384–385, 387

naturalization, I: 173, 186, 187–189, 255

neighborhood segregation/diversity,

I: 14, 37–38, 39, 44, 401, 407–409, 411, 414–415, 425

II: 44

political issues, I: 38, 170–199

population size and growth,

I: 16, 22–23, 43, 44, 61, 174–175, 182, 250

II: 352

prenatal care, II: 279

projections, I: 16, 43, 44, 61

racism and discrimination,

I: 172, 173–174, 192, 228, 260, 277, 280, 281, 285, 286

II: 142, 390

regional demographics,

I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57–58, 60, 93, 178, 215–220

research methodology,

I: 177–179

II: 367

socioeconomic status,

I: 91, 174, 177, 233

II: 385

see also “income” supra

state-level factors, I: 171–172, 173, 183

suburban areas, I: 190, 191, 456

teenage pregnancy,

I: 68

II: 361

test scores, I: 348

urban areas,

I: 53, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 93, 183–184, 187, 214, 216–217, 219, 220, 228–229, 233, 250, 441, 456

II: 44–45

wages,

I: 14

II: 102–104, 126, 129, 141–143

see also “neighborhood segregation/ diversity” supra

wealth, II: 228, 237, 249

welfare, II: 156–157, 164–165, 166, 390

see also specific groups

Assimilation

cultural,

I: 23, 60, 125–126, 220–221, 222, 223–224, 236–237, 246, 258–259

II: 88–89, 287–288, 292, 398, 399

economic, II: 85–88, 224–228

health effects, II: 287–288, 292, 398, 399

Hispanics,

I: 125–126

II: 85–88, 102–103, 287, 292

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

spatial, I: 391–392, 403;

see also Segregation

Asylees, see Refugees and asylees

Attitudes, I: 8, 12–13, 264–301

about affirmative action,

I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–344

II: 36

of American Indians, I: 155

of Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 189, 209, 223

of Blacks,

affirmative action, I: 272–273, 274, 324–344

criminal justice system, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 33, 35

health care system, II: 417–420

immigrants, I: 221–222, 253

low-wage work, II: 109

marriage, I: 71, 74, 75, 272

residential desegregation, I: 411–412

students, I: 368–378, 380–384

teachers, I: 13, 378–380

teenage pregnancy, I: 66–67

consumerism, I: 208–209

of health care providers, II: 278

of Hispanics,

immigrants, I: 223

students, I: 380–384

teachers, I: 13, 379, 380

of immigrants, I: 236–237

about marriage, Black vs White attitudes, I: 74, 75, 272

research methodology,

I: 265–269

II: 388–389

of students, I: 368–378, 380–384

teachers,

attitudes of, I: 13, 378–380

attitudes of students toward,

I: 381, 382–384

I: 13, 378–380

of Whites,

affirmative action, I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–330, 331–337

students, I: 380–384

teachers, I: 13, 378–380

see also Public opinion;

Racism and discrimination

B

Birthrate, see Fertility

Birth weight, II: 264, 279, 311, 318–320, 339–340, 399, 400

Black-owned businesses

I: 15, 329–330

II: 175–176, 190–220, 239

Blacks, I: 93, 103, 335

adolescents,

I: 350–384 (passim), 423

II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47, 323–339, 340–341, 361–364 (passim)

affirmative action,

I: 272–273, 274, 318, 321, 331–332, 334–344

II: 5, 9, 10, 36, 75–79, 139, 190, 191, 193, 202, 204–214

age factors,

I: 45, 46, 48, 66–67, 68, 71, 93, 350–356

II: 9, 13, 42–43, 165, 340, 378, 387

see also “adolescents” supra and “elderly persons” infra

alcohol use/drug trafficking and abuse,

I: 6

II: 3, 4, 12, 14–18, 26, 29–30, 36–40, 46–47, 328–334, 341, 381, 382, 397

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

attitudes,

affirmative action, I: 272–273, 274, 324–344

criminal justice system, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 33, 35

health care system, II: 417–420

immigrants, I: 221–222, 253

low-wage work, II: 109

marriage, I: 71, 74, 75, 272

residential desegregation, I: 411–412

students, I: 368–378, 380–384

teachers, I: 13, 378–380

teenage pregnancy, I: 66–67

Brazil, racial discrimination, I: 304–307, 310–316

businesses owned by,

I: 15, 329–330

II: 175–176, 190–220, 239

capital punishment, II: 12–14, 25–26, 33

census undercounting, gender factors,

I: 42

II: 387–388

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

children, II: 225–226, 289–290, 311–339, 353, 354, 355 (passim), 367, 369, 400

classification of,

I: 5, 40–41, 267

II: 255, 371

crime and criminal justice system,

I: 18–19, 34–36, 319, 424, 427

II: 1–51, 110, 115, 322, 323–332, 361, 362, 363, 378–379

juveniles, II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47

public opinion of discrimination by, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34–35, 48

see also Police;

“drug…,” “homicide,” “jury selection,” and “sentencing…” infra

cultural factors,

I: 246, 253, 256, 257, 264, 312, 368–375

II: 174, 385–387

see also “music” infra

demographics, general,

I: 43, 44, 250, 437, 438, 445

II: 41–44, 46, 352

diabetes, II: 288, 340

digital divide, I: 25

educational admissions,

I: 334–335, 337–342

II: 286, 391

educational attainment,

I: 25–26, 27, 38, 116, 180, 222, 311, 348–387, 423, 425, 427

II: 56–58, 59, 63–66, 69–72, 78–79, 95, 99, 102, 104–112 (passim), 115, 127, 136–140 (passim), 145–147, 165, 167, 190, 292, 319

see also “test scores” infra

education, general,

I: 195, 362

II: 247

education, teacher certification, I: 364

elderly persons, health status, II: 265–266

electoral issues, I: 121, 186

employment,

I: 9–10, 28, 35–36, 56, 58, 110, 112, 121, 183, 222, 422, 423–424, 425, 436, 441–442

II: 98–101, 134, 165, 194, 196, 218, 278, 343, 391–392, 397–398

see also Military service

employment, discrimination, II: 28, 35–36, 107–108, 222

employment, gender factors,

I: 27–30, 423, 424

II: 52–55, 61–73, 75–76, 78–79, 81, 98–147 , 174, 179, 183, 278, 326, 397–398

employment, health risk factors, II: 278, 289–291

employment, impacts of segregation, II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 139, 144

see also Spatial mismatch hypothesis

fertility, I: 63–70 (passim), 77, 93

gender factors,

I: 42, 71, 74, 180, 373

II: 1, 22, 33, 42, 52–58, 158–160, 174, 179, 183, 323–328, 331, 336, 337, 341, 361–364 (passim), 378, 382–383, 384–385, 387–388

see also “employment, gender factors” supra

genetics, II: 255, 288–289

health care, II: 284, 286, 392–395, 412, 414–421

see also “hospitalization” infra

health-care professionals, II: 286, 295

health insurance, II: 281, 283, 413

health risk factors,

I: 33

II: 272–278 (passim), 287–291, 395–396, 397

health status, general, II: 254, 258, 259–260, 265–266, 270, 287–291, 314, 381–383, 385–386, 397, 417

HIV,

I: 34

II: 377–378

homicide,

I: 34, 35

II: 2, 25–26, 27, 33, 259, 322, 323–328, 340, 361–364 (passim), 378, 379

hospitalization, II: 284–285, 393–394, 413, 415–421

housing conditions,

I: 36–37, 220

II: 226, 238–239, 240–242

hypertension, II: 278, 288, 294, 396, 400

immigrants,

I: 186, 219

II: 260, 340, 386–387

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

immunizations, II: 358, 360

income,

I: 15, 30–31, 32, 38, 58, 111, 113, 114, 411, 421–422, 425

II: 2, 54, 55, 128, 165, 220, 225, 229–234

infant mortality,

I: 32, 88, 90

II: 264, 265, 357, 362

infants, birth weight, II: 318, 319, 339–340, 400

infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320–321, 340

infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315, 339

intermarriage,

I: 74, 75, 272, 401

II: 293

jury selection,

I: 319

II: 2, 7–11, 33, 41

language factors, II: 386

lead poisoning, II: 316, 317, 339–340

life expectancy,

I: 81, 86–87, 93

II: 259, 266, 292, 382–383, 384–385

marriage,

I: 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 93, 272, 422

II: 133, 164, 293, 397–398

mathematics achievement, I: 25, 349–350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367

Medicaid, II: 281

Medicare, II: 281, 284, 392, 413

mental illness, II: 188–289, 381–382

migration within U.S.,

I: 51, 391–392, 393–394

II: 45, 104

see also “regional factors” infra

military personnel,

I: 15

II: 174–189, 393–394, 412, 414–421

mortality,

I: 32–35, 81, 82–83, 86–89, 90, 91–92, 93, 424, 425

II: 179, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 264, 265, 266, 277, 290, 291, 361, 363, 372–380, 382–383, 384–385, 387–388, 397, 417–418

music, I: 341, 369, 372–375

political issues,

I: 38, 121, 129, 186, 279–280, 302–316

II: 17, 34, 40–41, 78

see also Civil Rights Movement

population size and growth,

I: 16, 22–23, 43, 44, 61, 250, 437, 438, 445

II: 41–44, 46, 352

poverty,

I: 311, 421–424, 425–426

II: 55, 67, 116, 218, 225, 274, 292, 324–327, 343, 357, 400

prenatal care, II: 279

projections, I: 16, 43, 44, 61

psychological factors, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 278, 335, 381–382

race, concept of, I: 246, 253, 256, 257

racial profiling by police, II: 3–7, 23, 24–25, 29, 33, 35–36

racism and discrimination,

I: 104, 221, 222, 264–267, 269–295, 302–316, 333, 348

II: 106–108, 109, 113–114, 117, 125, 137–141, 142, 144, 147, 184–186, 188, 195, 239, 246–247, 367, 369, 389, 390, 391–396, 400–401, 420–421

reading achievement, I: 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 360–362, 366, 368, 369, 370, 372

regional factors, demographics,

I: 23–24, 50, 51, 52, 56–57, 58–59, 61, 218

II: 104, 106

health status, II: 260

urban areas,

I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402–403

II: 104

see also “migration within U.S.” supra

segregation,

I: 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 244–245, 269–272, 273, 278, 279

II: 108–109

educational,

I: 269–271

II: 198, 204

employment impacts, II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 139, 144

health care, II: 281

Jim Crow laws,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 292, 293, 294, 304, 305, 306, 308–310, 314, 395, 402

II: 281

residential,

I: 6, 37–38, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 283–284, 294–295, 392–403, 405–406, 409–428, 436

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 227, 240, 241, 243, 326, 331–332, 343, 391–392, 400–401

sentencing and incarceration,

I: 18, 35

II: 2, 11–18, 22, 23–24, 26–28, 29–30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40–48, 110, 115

smoking,

I: 33

II: 272, 397

socioeconomic status, general,

I: 409–410, 421–422, 424–425

II: 34–35, 52–56, 254, 270, 291, 386, 388

see also “educational attainment,” “employment…,” and “income” supra and “wealth” infra

South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

suburban areas,

I: 52, 289, 416, 438, 456

II: 107, 192–193, 391–392

suicide, II: 34, 335–339, 341, 379–380, 381

teacher certification, I: 364

teachers attitudes toward, I: 13, 378–380

teenage pregnancy,

I: 66–67, 68, 77, 93

II: 147, 359, 361

television, I: 369, 370

test scores,

I: 13, 323, 334, 335, 337–342, 348–367, 369, 370, 372, 383–384, 385–387

II: 73, 74, 105–106, 141, 313

urban areas,

I: 52–59 (passim), 129, 218, 219, 220, 221–222, 233, 253, 376–378, 399, 400, 402–403, 456

II: 1, 4, 22, 36, 39, 40, 104, 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 165, 191–193, 198–199, 208–213, 284, 326–327, 343, 391–392

see also “segregation” supra

veterans, health care,

I: 18

II: 393–394, 412, 414–421

wages,

I: 14, 29, 30, 38, 222, 306

II: 52–53, 60–69, 70, 76, 78–79, 81, 94, 95, 98–100, 104–110, 115, 138–141, 143, 164, 326

wealth,

I: 15, 34–35

II: 92–94, 225–230, 232–234, 236–247

welfare,

I: 15, 278

II: 156–171 (passim), 390

White racism and discrimination, see “racism and discrimination” under Whites

Black Wealth/White Wealth, II: 225, 241

Blank, Rebecca M.

I: 21–39, 477

II: 439

Blumstein, Alfred

I: 6, 477

II: 21–31, 46, 439

Bobo, Lawrence D.

I: 12, 14, 264–301, 477

II: 439

Bonilla, Frank

I: 16, 103–134, 478

II: 440

Boston, Thomas D.

I: 15, 478

II: 190–221, 449

Brazil, I: 13, 304–307, 310–316

Breast cancer, II: 383

Brookings Institution, I: 453

Bureau of Census, I: 40, 104

fertility, I: 65

internal migration, I: 56, 58

minority-owned businesses, II: 193, 200

racial and ethnic classification, I: 4–5, 7, 40–42, 57, 119–120, 121–122

undercounting,

I: 42, 106, 388

II: 387–388

see also Current Population Survey

Bureau of Indian Affairs, I: 139

Bureau of Justice Statistics, II: 27

Bush, George, I: 326

Butler, John Sibley

I: 15, 478

II: 174–189, 440

C

California

affirmative action, I: 171, 330

American Indians, I: 139, 140, 251

Asian/Pacific Islander vote, I: 171, 173, 175–176, 183, 184, 251

Blacks,

I: 175

II: 43

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Hispanics, I: 51, 107, 109, 175, 203, 251

illegal immigrants, I: 203

immigrants, other, I: 175–176, 206

minority population growth, II: 402

urban renewal, I: 446

Camarillo, Albert M.

I: 16, 103–134, 478

II: 440

Canada

immigrants from, I: 216–217

Indians, I: 135–141 (passim)

Cancer

I: 91, 92

II: 272, 373–374, 380, 382–383, 384–385, 386, 393, 399, 418

Capital punishment, II: 12–14, 25–26, 33

Cardiovascular disease

I: 91, 92

II: 259, 274, 285, 328, 372–373, 380, 393–395, 414–415, 421, 423, 424

see also Hypertension

Carter, Jimmy, II: 78

Caucasians, see Whites

Census data

I: 40

II: 371

American Indians,

I: 42, 137–138, 140, 142, 388

II: 371

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 177–178

Blacks,

I: 42

II: 387–388

fertility, I: 65

funding and census counts, I: 43

Hispanics,

I: 41–42, 57, 106, 107, 119–120, 121–122, 338

II: 85

illegal immigrants, II: 85

internal migration issues, I: 56, 58

minority-owned businesses, II: 200–204

segregation indices, I: 110, 419–420

undercounting,

I: 42, 106, 388

II: 387–388

see also Bureau of Census;

Classification issues;

Current Population Survey

Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences (Stanford University), I: 1

Center for Employment Training, II: 113, 117

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, II: 321, 357, 367

Cerebrovascular disorders, II: 415–416, 422

Characteristics of Business Owners, II: 200, 203

Child abuse, II: 343

Children

adolescent violence, early childhood prevention, II: 327

American Indians, II: 353, 359, 360

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 228–229

II: 319, 352, 353

behavioral and developmental problems,

I: 18

II: 311–344

Blacks, II: 225–226, 289–290, 311–339, 353, 354, 355 (passim), 367, 369, 400

demographics, general, II: 352–356

diet, II: 274

federal programs and health status,

I: 5, 18

II: 163–166, 342–344, 351, 364–370

health issues,

I: 18

II: 311–322, 339–340, 342–344, 351–359, 366

see also Birth weight;

Infant mortality;

Infants;

Pregnancy

Hispanics,

I: 25, 110, 119

II: 102, 228–229, 289–290, 340, 353, 355, 400

household structure, I: 25

immigrants and of immigrants,

I: 49, 218, 223, 228–237

II: 102–103

immunizations,

I: 92

II: 357–359

iron deficiencies, II: 311, 312, 314–315, 339

lead poisoning, II: 289–290, 311, 315–318

neighborhood segregation, impacts on, I: 423

population age structure, I: 45–48

poverty, impacts on, II: 354, 356, 357–359, 400

psychological factors, II: 311–318

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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wealth, household, II: 225–226, 240–247

welfare, II: 163–166, 342–344

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), II: 153–158, 160, 161–162, 163, 168, 169

Supplemental Security Income, II: 156

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), II : 153, 154, 161, 342

Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315

see also Adolescents;

Education;

Families and households;

Infant mortality;

Infants;

Parents;

Single parents

Chinese, I: 5, 6, 209

educational attainment, I: 180, 181, 209

employment issues, II: 103, 128, 130, 131, 132, 135

fertility, I: 66

health care, II: 282

health status, II: 263, 265, 266

immigrants, I: 51, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 216–217

marriage,

I: 75, 76

II: 266

mortality, I: 86, 90

politics, I: 171, 189–191

regional demographics, I: 51

urban areas, I: 55, 216–217

Cities, see Urban areas

Citizenship, see Electoral issues;

Naturalization;

Political issues

Civil Rights Acts

I: 114, 320–321, 322, 323, 324, 333

II: 76, 77, 78, 139, 204, 206, 281

Civil Rights Commission, II: 127, 138(n.9)

Civil Rights Movement

I: 126, 244, 248, 250, 253, 254, 255, 258, 265, 290, 291, 304, 320, 351, 368, 437

II: 286, 380

American Indians, I: 153, 159

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 174

criminal justice system, II: 33, 45

Hispanics compared to Blacks, I: 118

residential segregation, I: 402

see also Affirmative action

Classification issues

I: 4, 40–44, 57, 119–120, 254–255

II: 371, 424

affirmative action and, I: 326

American Indians,

I: 5, 41, 137–138

II: 257, 371, 383–384, 387, 398

Asian Indians, I: 41, 177, 255

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 5, 22, 40, 41, 170(n.1), 177–178, 255, 267

II: 257, 371, 384–385, 387, 398

Blacks,

I: 5, 40–41, 267

II: 255, 371

Bureau of Census, I: 4–5, 7, 40–42, 57, 119–120, 121–122

Filipinos, I: 41, 177

government systems, discriminatory, I: 255

Hawaiian Natives,

I: 40, 85

II: 371

health status and care,

I: 5

II: 254–255, 256–257

Hispanics,

I: 4, 41–42, 57, 107, 119–120, 121–122, 267

II: 255, 256, 371, 384, 387, 398

Japanese, I: 22, 40, 41, 177

Koreans, I: 41, 177

mixed racial status, I: 4, 7, 41, 42, 85, 247–250

socioeconomic status and race, I: 5

Vietnamese, I: 41, 177–178

Whites,

I: 4–5, 267

II: 387

see also Aggregation and disaggregation techniques

Clinton, William

affirmative action, I: 318

Asian vote, I: 171–172

Blacks, military personnel, II: 181

criminal justice system, II: 14

Hispanics, I: 111, 114

Initiative on Race,

I: 1, 21, 243

II: 3, 6, 21

Universal Savings Accounts, II: 248

Cocaine, II: 4, 12, 15–18, 26, 29, 39, 46, 47, 326, 328, 331, 333

Coleman Report, see Equality of Educational Opportunity

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Colorado, I: 109

Commission on Minority Participation in Education and American Life, I: 364

Community development corporations, I: 450–451

Community-level factors, see Local factors

Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act, II: 17

Computers and computer science

digital divide, I: 25

Internet, I: 130

Concerned Citizens of South Central, I: 451–452

Connecticut, II: 28

Conrad, Cecilia A.

I: 14, 478

II: 124–151, 440

Council of Economic Advisers, I: 111, 114

Court cases, see Litigation

Crack cocaine, see Cocaine

Crime and criminal justice

I: 1, 6, 11, 18–19, 22, 34–36

II: 1–51

adolescents, II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47, 311, 323–334, 340–341

affirmative action, II: 5, 9, 10, 36

alcohol and drug abuse,

I: 6

II: 3, 4, 12, 14–18, 26, 29–30, 36–40, 46–47, 326, 328, 329, 331, 333

American Indians,

I: 34, 35

II: 44, 323, 340, 378, 379

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 44, 45

Black juveniles, criminal justice system, II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47

Blacks, other,

I: 18–19, 34–36, 319, 424, 427

II: 1–51, 13, 42–43, 107–108, 109–110

juveniles, II: 3, 14–15, 29, 39, 42–43, 46–47

public opinion of discrimination against, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34–35, 48

see also Police

capital punishment, II: 12–14, 25–26, 33

child abuse, II: 343

Civil Rights Movement and, II: 33, 45

demographics of, II: 15, 22, 26–28, 32, 41–44

drug abuse,

I: 6

II: 4, 12, 14–17, 26, 29, 39, 46, 47

economic motives for crime, II: 109–110

employment discrimination due to fear of, II: 107–108

gender factors, II: 1, 22, 29–30, 323–326, 331, 378

Hispanics,

I: 18

II: 41, 45, 323, 340

political issues, II: 17, 33, 34, 40–41, 45

public opinion, discrimination against Blacks, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34–35, 48

racial stereotyping,

I: 276, 277, 278–280

II: 3–7

racism and discrimination,

I: 280–283

II: 1–51, 392

sentencing and incarceration,

I: 6, 18, 35, 427

II: 2, 11–18, 22, 23–24, 26–28, 29–30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40–48, 327

see also “capital punishment” supra

state-level factors, II: 7–9, 15, 28

urban areas,

I: 18

II: 1, 4, 22, 36, 39, 40, 44–45, 331–332, 333

victims of crime,

I: 5, 279, 303–304, 424

II: 1–2, 10, 13, 14, 25, 26, 27

Whites

I: 18–19, 34–36, 41–42

II: 1–15, 16–18, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 33–34, 35, 38–47 (passim), 323–332

hate crimes, I: 412, 427

see also Homicide;

Police;

Suicide;

Violence

Cubans, I: 5, 22, 42, 104, 105, 107, 108, 216–217, 233

educational attainment, I: 115, 116

employment,

I: 111, 112

II: 53, 143

fertility, I: 65, 67

health insurance, II: 280

health status, II: 256, 259, 265, 267

income, I: 113

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

marriage, I: 74, 77

mortality, I: 83, 90

political issues, I: 128

regional demographics, I: 51, 57

segregation, I: 110

urban areas, I: 54

Cultural factors, I: 2, 8, 9, 11–13, 104, 220–224, 229, 238

American Indians,

I: 16, 138, 139–140, 142–143, 147–148, 151, 153–165

II: 398

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 69, 178, 222, 223, 245–246, 260

II: 263, 287, 384–385, 398, 399

Blacks,

I: 246, 253, 256, 257, 264, 312, 368–375

II: 174, 385–387

education and, I: 368–378

health status effects, II: 263, 287–288, 292, 293–294, 414, 422

Hispanics,

I: 16, 23, 104–105, 119, 125–128, 222, 372

II: 384, 398, 399

Hispanics, desired family size, I: 65

marriage, Black vs White women’s attitudes, I: 71, 74

multiculturalism, I: 16, 126, 221, 249, 252–254, 312–313, 368

popular culture and educational achievement, I: 368–375

race and ethnicity defined, I: 2–4, 13, 243–260

racism,

Brazil, South Africa, and U.S., compared, I: 304–316

U.S. Whites, I: 276, 277, 278–280, 305

research methodology,

I: 178

II: 287

stress, attitudes toward, II: 278

tests and testing, I: 12

urban areas, I: 218

White ethnics,

I: 18

II: 44, 387, 390

Whites, other, I: 220–221, 251–254

see also Assimilation;

Language factors;

Music;

Political issues;

Racism and discrimination;

Religion

Current Population Survey (CPS), I: 40

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 178

Black and Hispanic women, employment, II: 133

employment, II: 137, 138, 140

health insurance coverage, II: 283

mortality data, II: 387

second-generation immigrants, I: 233

urban areas, I: 218, 233

wages, II: 59–69, 84, 85, 88

welfare, II: 171

D

Death, see Homicide;

Infant mortality;

Mortality;

Suicide

Death penalty, see Capital punishment

Death Registration Area, II: 254

Demographics, I: 1, 15–17, 22–25, 40, 49–51, 56–62, 92–93, 103

American Indians, I: 16, 22–23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 137–138, 140, 141, 165

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57–58, 60, 93, 174–182

Blacks,

I: 43, 44, 250, 437, 438, 445

II: 41–44, 46, 352

children, general, II: 352–356

conference agenda,

I: 472

II: 434

criminal justice system, II: 15, 22, 26–28, 32, 41–44

Hispanics, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 59, 61, 93, 106–110

minority defined, I: 22

race and ethnicity defined, I: 2–4, 40–44, 245–252, 254–255

racism, international perspectives, I: 304–305, 307

regional, see Regional factors

see also Age factors;

Families and households;

Gender factors;

Immigrants and immigration;

Marriage and marital status;

Migration, within U.S.;

Mixed racial status;

Population size and growth;

Rural areas;

Segregation;

Socioeconomic status;

Suburban areas;

Urban area

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Dental care, II: 393

Department of Commerce, II: 204–205

Department of Education

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), I: 25–26, 348–372, 380, 383–384

Department of Health and Human Services

I: 322

II: 364–365

Indian Health Service,

I: 91

II: 262, 282, 383–384

National Center for Health Statistics, I: 85

Department of Housing and Urban Development, I: 417–419, 426–428, 436, 445, 451, 459

Department of Justice, I: 416

Bureau of Justice Statistics, II: 27

Department of Labor, I: 321, 322

Department of Veterans Affairs, II: 241

Development

adolescent,

I: 18

II: 322–339, 340–342

childhood

I: 18

II: 311–322, 339–340, 342–344

early childhood education programs, II: 111

see also Age factors

Diabetes

I: 92

II: 259, 374–375, 380, 394

Diet, see Nutrition and diet

Disabled persons,

age factors, II: 267

birth weight and, II: 318

discrimination against,

I: 2

II: 77, 78, 266–267

veterans, II: 411

welfare, II: 154, 156

Disaggregation of data, see Aggregation and disaggregation techniques

Discrimination, see Racism and discrimination

Diseases and disorders, I: 17–18

alcohol, health effects, II: 275–276, 311, 320–322, 340, 375–376, 380

American Indians, II: 60, 157, 267

iron deficiency and, II: 311, 312, 314–315, 339

lead poisoning, II: 289–290, 311, 315–318, 339

mortality rates and specific,

I: 90

II: 372–378

see also Accidents and injuries;

Disabled persons;

Mental illness;

specific diseases and disorders

Divorce, I: 62, 71–74, 75, 80

Dropouts

I: 26, 76, 117, 179–180, 423

II: 73, 109, 331

Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse

Drug Enforcement Agency, II: 4

Du Bois, W.E.B., I: 348

E

Earned Income Tax Credit, II: 115

Economic factors, general

I: 14–15

II: 52–53

American Indians, I: 15, 31, 38, 60–61, 145–147

assimilation, II: 85–88

crime, participation in, II: 109–110

discrimination, I: 104

geographic factors, general, I: 17

health care costs not covered by insurance, II: 284, 333

Hispanics, I: 110–114, 124–125

immigration and globalization, I: 207–210, 212, 214, 224

immigration networks, I: 213–214, 222, 224, 403

marriage, Black vs White women’s attitudes, I: 71

race and racism, concept of, I: 245

regional demographics and internal migration, I: 46, 58, 59, 60

residential segregation, I: 391–392, 409–410, 411, 415–424, 427, 428

taxation,

I: 11, 445, 446, 450

II: 115, 154, 200–201, 227, 238–239, 371

see also Black-owned businesses;

Employment;

Income;

Minority-owned businesses;

Poverty;

Small businesses;

Socioeconomic status;

Wealth

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Economic Opportunity Act, II: 204

Edley, Christopher, Jr.

I: vii–ix, 478

II: vii-ix, 440

Education

I: 12–13, 22, 38, 348–390

II: 69–73

accountability, I: 364–365

adolescents,

I: 350–364, 369–384

II: 73

dropouts,

I: 26, 76, 117, 179–180, 423

II: 73, 109, 331

adolescent substance abuse, II: 334

adolescent violence, interventions, II: 327

affirmative action,

I: 319, 327–329, 332, 333, 334–335, 336, 337–342, 348

II: 198

American Indians, I: 137, 147–155, 166

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 188–189, 192

Blacks, admission to higher education,

I: 334–335, 337–342

II: 286, 391

Blacks, other,

I: 195, 362

II: 247

Blacks, segregation,

I: 269–271

II: 198, 204

conference agenda,

I: 473

II: 435

cultural factors, I: 368–378

demographic diversity, I: 25

digital divide,

I: 8–9, 17, 25, 269–271, 273, 284, 295, 320–321, 364, 445

II: 198, 204, 391

early childhood development programs, II: 111

English-language courses, I: 365–366

G.I.Bill, I: 10

Hispanics, I: 14, 123, 124, 365, 366, 369, 371

Hispanics, bilingual, I: 119, 123, 124

immigrants, I: 208–210, 234, 235, 236

international students, I: 204, 210, 213

job training, I: 324, 336–337, 460

medical education, II: 286

parental attitudes toward, I: 379–380

politics of, I: 364

racism and discrimination,

I: 8–9, 17, 269–271, 273, 284, 295, 320–321, 364, 445

II: 198, 204, 391

see also “affirmative action” supra

racism discussed by multiracial group, I: 256–257

school segregation/integration,

I: 149–152, 269–271, 273, 284, 295, 320–321, 364, 445

II: 198, 204, 391

Whites, II: 246

affirmative action, I: 327–329, 337–342

see also Teachers;

Tests and testing

Educational attainment/achievement

I: 5, 22, 25–27, 260

II: 56–59, 63, 69–73, 399

age factors, I: 114, 116

American Indians,

I: 148, 149, 180

II: 165, 167, 292, 319

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 174, 179–182, 187–189, 251, 209, 348, 379

II: 102–103, 142, 145, 292, 319

attitudes toward race and, I: 12–13

birth weight and maternal, II: 318

Blacks

I: 25–26, 27, 38, 116, 180, 222, 311, 348–387, 423, 425, 427

II: 56–58, 59, 63–66, 69–72, 78–79, 95, 99, 102, 104–112 (passim), 115, 127, 136–140 (passim), 145–147, 165, 167, 190, 292, 319

dropouts,

I: 26, 76, 117, 179–180, 423

II: 73, 109, 331

electoral participation and, I: 174, 179, 182, 187–188

employment and,

I: 25, 336–337, 460

II: 63–65, 69–75, 99–100, 102, 104–112 (passim), 115, 127, 136–147 (passim)

health status and, II: 292, 311

Hispanics,

I: 26–27, 39, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118–119, 143, 180, 208, 379, 385–387

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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II: 56–59, 63, 64–65, 70–73, 78, 89, 94, 95, 102–103, 142, 143, 147, 165, 167, 227, 292, 319

immigrants, general, I: 208–210, 234, 236

job training, I: 324, 336–337, 460

jury selection, I: 13

mathematics,

I: 25, 349–350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367

II: 74, 313

mortality and, I: 91

parental,

I: 15, 351, 379

II: 319

quality of schooling, II: 139, 195

reading ability,

I: 149, 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360–362, 368, 369, 372

II: 74, 313

segregation and, I: 17

welfare recipients, II: 165, 167

Whites,

I: 25–26, 27, 116, 180, 369, 371, 379

II: 56–59, 63, 69–73, 127, 136–143 (passim), 145, 165, 319

see also Tests and testing

Eggerling-Boeck, Jennifer, I: 40–102

Elderly persons

access to health care, II: 278, 282

see also Medicare

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

American Indians, II: 266, 282

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 266

Blacks, II: 265–266

disabled, II: 267

health status, general, II: 265–266, 283

mortality, II: 264–266

population age structure, I: 45–48

welfare, II: 154, 156

Whites, households, I: 25

Electoral issues

affirmative action, legislative districting, I: 319, 329–331

affirmative action, other, I: 329–331

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 170–174, 178, 179, 180, 182–193

Blacks, I: 121, 186

educational attainment and participation, I: 174, 179, 182, 187–188

Hispanics, I: 117–119, 121, 123, 186

jury selection and voter registration, II: 10

suburbs, I: 435

voting, discrimination, I: 9

Whites, I: 186, 187, 220

Employment

I: 1, 9–10, 22, 260

II: 267

adolescents, II: 101

affirmative action,

I: 271, 274, 319–320, 322, 323–325, 332–337, 342

II: 69, 75–79, 104–105, 113–114, 204

age factors, II: 101, 144, 146–147

American Indians,

I: 60–61

II: 134, 135, 146, 164, 165

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 225, 227

II: 102–104,126,128,129,130–132,133, 134, 135, 145

Black-owned businesses, II: 192–193, 199, 201–202, 218–219

Blacks,

I: 9–10, 28, 35–36, 56, 58, 110, 112, 121, 183, 222, 422, 423–424, 425, 436, 441–442

II: 98–101, 134, 165, 194, 196, 218, 278, 343, 391–392, 397–398

discrimination, II: 28, 35–36, 107–108, 222

gender factors,

I: 27–30, 423, 424

II: 52–55, 61–73, 75–76, 78–79, 81, 98–147, 174, 179, 183, 278, 326, 397–398

health risk factors, II: 278, 289–291

segregation, impacts on, II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 139, 144

see also Spatial mismatch hypothesis

conference agenda,

I: 473–474

II: 435–436

crime, employment discrimination due to fear of,

I: 35–36

II: 107–108, 110, 115

education, job training, I: 324, 336–337, 460

educational, attainment and, I: 25, 336–337, 460

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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II: 63–65, 69–75, 99–100, 102, 104–112 (passim), 115, 127, 136–147 (passim)

gender factors, I: 14–15, 27–30, 224–227

see also “gender factors” under “Blacks” supra and “Hispanics” and “Whites” infra

government policies, I: 11

health, occupational exposures, II: 278, 289–292

health insurance provided by employer, II: 279–280, 392

highly skilled, I: 208–209, 210

Hispanics,

I: 14, 59–60, 105, 110–112, 117, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 213–214, 224–227, 441–442

II: 53, 101, 103, 104, 105, 108, 128–135 (passim), 143, 165, 183, 280, 343

gender factors,

I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224–225

II: 53–68, 71–73, 78, 81–87, 102, 124, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141–143, 146–147

household structure, II: 136, 142, 143–144, 147

immigrant status and,

I: 204, 207, 208, 209–210, 221, 224–227, 235, 236

II: 54, 58, 83–89, 94, 102, 142–143

incarceration, impacts on employability,

I: 35–36

II: 110, 115

labor force participation,

I: 22, 27–30, 35–36, 62, 224–227

II: 100, 101, 133, 134, 137, 143–146

see also Military service

litigation, discrimination,

I: 323–325, 333–334

II: 77–78, 114

low-skilled,

I: 9–10, 31, 58, 110, 111, 112, 125, 221, 225, 235, 236

II: 76, 105, 109, 115, 125, 127, 131–132, 138, 145, 195, 391–392

marital status and marriage, II: 133, 136, 143–144

minority businesses, II: 192–193, 199, 201–202

mortality and, I: 91

racism and discrimination,

I: 6–7, 8, 9, 14–15, 28, 35–36, 107–108, 222, 271, 282, 320, 321, 322, 323–325, 333–334

II: 76–78, 106–108, 109, 113–114, 117, 125, 137–141, 142, 144, 147, 204, 223, 391–392

regional migration and, I: 46, 58–59

research methodology, I: 136–138

segregation, general, I: 17, 422, 423–424, 425

segregation, spatial mismatch hypothesis,

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

trade unions, I: 9

transportation to,

I: 2, 456, 458, 459–460

II: 109, 113, 116

welfare and, II: 144, 153, 162–163, 165, 166, 342

Whites,

I: 28, 112, 100–102

II: 134, 165, 391

gender factors,

I: 27–30

II: 54, 55, 61, 63, 65–67, 68–69, 75–76, 80, 81, 82, 100–101, 103, 124–125, 130–147 (passim)

see also Agricultural sector;

Military service;

Wages and salaries

Environmental Protection Agency, I: 461

Environmental toxins, II: 289–291, 392

lead poisoning, II: 289–290, 311, 315–318

occupational exposures, II: 278, 289–292

toxins, urban areas, I: 435, 436, 443–444, 446–448, 450–452, 458, 461

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, II: 381, 382

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

I: 321, 343

II: 75–79, 391

Equality of Educational Opportunity, I: 351

Europeans

health interventions, II: 294

immigrants, I: 103, 203–204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214–215, 216–217, 222, 227, 258–259

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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suicide, II: 335

wealth inequality, II: 224, 399

Executive Order 10925, I: 320

Executive Order 11246

I: 322

II: 204, 206

Executive Order 11365,

I: 322

II: 204

Executive Order 11458, II: 204–205

F

Fair Housing Act, I: 398, 401, 413, 415, 427

Families and households,

I: 10, 16, 24–25, 62

II: 343, 352

Blacks,

I: 77

II: 116, 352

educational attainment, I: 351

employment and, II: 136, 142, 143–144, 147

Hispanics,

I: 65

II: 352

homicide and assaultive violence, familial factors, II: 325, 327–328

immigrant networks,

I: 59, 60, 213–214, 222, 224, 403

II: 107

refugees, reunification, I: 204, 207, 213

suicide, familial factors, II: 335

welfare,

I: 15

II: 152–153, 164, 166, 167, 172

see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children;

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

see also Marriage and marital status;

Parents;

Single parents;

Socioeconomic status

Federal Acknowledgment, I: 144

Federal government

American Indians, I: 139, 143–145

see also Indian Health Service;

Reservations, American Indians

contracting, affirmative action,

I: 319, 321, 326

II: 204, 205

Healthy People 2000, II: 351–369

Healthy People 2010, I: 92

housing subsidies, II: 156, 160–161, 163

President’s Initiative on Race,

I: 1, 21, 243

II: 3, 6, 21

racist actions of officials, I: 302

wealth accumulation, II: 238–239

see also Funding;

Legislation, specific;

Military service;

specific departments and agencies, Presidents of the U.S., and terms beginning “Executive…”

Ferguson, Ronald F.

I: 12–13, 348–390, 479

II: 441

Fertility, I: 16, 40, 43, 45, 62–71, 93

age factors, I: 62–63, 65–67, 68, 69

American Indians, I: 64–71 (passim), 93, 137

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 63, 66, 68, 70, 71, 93

Baby Boom,

I: 45, 62, 63, 65

II: 245

Blacks, I: 63–70 (passim), 77, 93

Hispanics, I: 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 93, 107

out-of-wedlock childbearing,

I: 67, 69–71, 93, 422, 425

II: 162, 164, 366

statistical techniques, I: 62–63

Whites, I: 63–70 (passim), 77, 93

see also Pregnancy

Fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320–322, 340

Filipinos, I: 5

classification of, I: 41, 177

educational attainment, I: 181, 209

elected officials, I: 183

employment issues, II: 103, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135

fertility, I: 66

health status, II: 263, 265

immigrants, I: 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 216–217

mortality,

I: 90

II: 265

regional demographics, I: 51

urban areas, I: 55, 216–217

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Firearms, II: 246, 328, 335, 338–339, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378

Florida

I: 51, 107, 109, 206

II: 402

Food stamps, II: 154–158 (passim), 160, 161, 163, 342

Ford, Gerald, I: 427

Foreign Assistance Act, II: 214

Foreign countries, see Immigrants and immigration;

International perspectives;

specific countries

Friends, see Peers and friends

Funding

affirmative action,

I: 320–321, 322, 325–326, 343–344, 426–427

II: 76–77

Asian/Pacific Islander election participation, I: 171, 172, 173, 192

census counts and, I: 43

drug abuse, treatment, II: 327

housing, antidiscrimination, I: 426–427, 428

housing subsidies,

I: 445–446

II: 156, 160–161, 163

infant mortality, II: 364–365

minority-owned businesses, II: 193

school desegregation, I: 320–321

veterans health care, II: 422, 424

welfare, II: 342

G

Gallop Poll data

Blacks, criminal justice system, II: 1, 33

Gautreaux Demonstration Project

I: 427

II: 113

Gender factors

affirmative action for women,

I: 319, 321, 324, 325, 331, 334, 336, 337

II: 113–114

American Indians,

I: 180

II: 340

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 180

II: 102, 126, 128, 129, 130–132, 133, 134, 135, 141–143, 145

Blacks,

I: 42, 180, 373

II: 1, 22, 33, 42, 52–58, 158–160, 174, 179, 183, 323–328, 331, 336, 337, 341, 361–364 (passim), 378, 382–383, 384–385, 387–388

Blacks, employment,

I: 27–30, 423, 424

II: 52–55, 61–73, 75–76, 78–79, 81, 98–147, 174, 278, 326, 397–398

breast cancer, II: 383

businesses owned by minority men,

I: 194–195

businesses owned by White women, II: 191–192, 193, 203

cardiovascular disease, II: 259

census undercounting, Blacks,

I: 42

II: 387–388

crimes and criminal justice system, II: 1, 22, 29–30, 323–326, 331, 378

employment, I: 14–15, 27–30, 224–227

see also “employment, gender factors” under Blacks;

Hispanics;

and Whites

health risk factors, II: 272

Hispanics,

I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 110, 130, 180, 224–227

II: 53–59, 71–73, 81, 83, 102, 158–160, 261, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378

Hispanics, employment,

I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224–225

II: 53–68, 71–73, 78, 81–87, 102, 124, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141–143, 146–147

household structure,

I: 24

II: 352–353

immigrants, general, I: 206, 224–227

life expectancy,

I: 86–87

II: 372, 382–383, 384–385

marriage, Black vs White women’s attitudes, I: 71, 74

military service by Black women, II: 174, 179, 183

mortality,

I: 81, 82–83, 84, 86–87

II: 259, 261, 363, 382–383, 384–385

prostate cancer, II: 393, 423

race, concept of,

I: 254, 256, 259, 279

II: 174

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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suicide, II: 336, 337

wages,

I: 28–30

II: 52–59, 61–73, 75–76, 78–79, 81, 82–88, 89, 94–95, 98–100, 104–110, 115, 124–127

wealth accumulation, II: 249

welfare, II: 158–160, 163

Whites,

I: 37–30, 81, 180, 256

II: 42, 54, 55, 159, 191–192, 323–327, 336, 337, 361, 363, 378, 382–382, 384–385

Whites, employment,

I: 27–30

II: 54, 55, 61, 63, 65–67, 68–69, 75–76, 80, 81, 82, 100–101, 103, 124–125, 130–147 (passim)

see also Fertility;

Pregnancy

General Social Survey

I: 277

II: 389, 401

Genetics

I: 3

II: 240, 388

American Indians, I: 158

Blacks, II: 255, 288–289

Geographic factors, I: 15–19, 435–467

assimilation, spatial, I: 391–392, 403;

see also Segregation

conference agenda,

I: 474

II: 436

see also Immigrants and immigration;

International perspectives;

Migration, within U.S.;

Regional factors;

Rural areas;

Segregation;

Spatial mismatch hypothesis;

Suburban areas;

Urban areas

Georgia

I: 57

II: 28

Gottschalk, Peter T.

I: 15, 479

II: 152–173, 441

Government role, see Crime and criminal justice;

Federal government;

Litigation;

Public health interventions;

Taxation

Guns, see Firearms

H

Handicapped persons, see Disabled persons

Hart-Cellar Act, see Immigration and Nationality Act

Hawaii

Asians and Pacific Islanders in,

I: 51, 60, 171, 173, 176, 183, 185, 186, 191

II: 399

Hawaiian Natives

cancer incidence, II: 386

classification of,

I: 40, 85

II: 371

education and socioeconomic status, II: 271

infant mortality, I: 90, 265, 266

mortality, general, II: 263

repatriation, I: 161

Hawkins, Darnell F.

I: 6, 185, 479

II: 32–51, 441

Hazardous materials, see Environmental toxins

Head Start, II: 111, 154

Health-care professionals

minority, II: 285–287, 295–296

racism by, II: 420, 421

Health insurance

I: 91

II: 278, 279–283

accidents and injuries,

I: 33–34

II: 282–283, 290, 328, 359, 361–362, 363, 366

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 281–282, 283

Blacks, II: 281, 283, 413

discrimination,

I: 10–11

II: 392–394

drug treatment, II: 333

employer provided, II: 279–280, 392

Hispanics, II: 280–281, 283

managed care, II: 285

Medicaid, II: 154, 155–156, 160, 161, 163, 281

Medicare, II: 280–284 (passim), 392, 413, 424

research methodology, II: 283

veterans, II: 411

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Whites, II: 280–283, 392–393, 413

see also Managed care

Health issues

I: 6, 17–18, 22, 33–34, 38, 90–91

II: 253–429

access to care,

I: 1, 6, 10, 92

II: 278–287, 295, 382, 392, 413, 419, 421

see also Health insurance;

Medicaid;

Medicare

accidents and injuries,

I: 33–34

II: 282–283, 290, 328, 359, 361–362, 363, 366

see also Teenage pregnancy

adolescents,

I: 18

II: 322–339, 340–342, 359–364, 365–366, 367

see also Teenage pregnancy

adults,

I: 17–18

II: 371–410

American Indians,

I: 135–137, 147, 292

II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 262–263, 276, 285, 383–384, 398, 422

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 256, 263, 272–276, 281–282, 283, 285, 286, 292, 373–374, 380, 384–385, 386, 398

assimilation, effects of, II: 287–288, 292, 398, 399

Blacks,

I: 33, 34

II: 254, 258, 259–260, 265–266, 270, 272–278 (passim), 284, 286, 287–291, 295, 314, 358, 360, 381–383, 385–386, 392–396, 397, 412, 414–421

children,

I: 18

II: 311–322, 339–340, 342–344, 351–359, 366

see also Birth weight;

Infant mortality;

Infants;

Pregnancy

classification of racial groups,

I: 5

II: 254–255, 256–257

conference agenda,

I: 475–476

II: 437–438

costs, not covered by insurance, II: 284, 333

Hispanics, II: 256–257, 258–259, 261–262, 266, 270–276 (passim), 280–281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 289–290, 292, 295, 314, 382, 384, 392–393, 398, 420, 422

immigrants, II: 277, 280, 282, 340, 399

poverty,

I: 10

II: 268–271, 277, 291, 292, 294–295, 311, 341

public health interventions, II: 279, 294, 295, 315, 318, 320, 322, 327–328, 333–334, 338–339, 364–369

quality of care, II: 284–285, 295, 392, 393, 412

racism and discrimination,

I: 2, 6

II: 77, 78, 367–369, 382, 391–396, 398, 400–401, 420–421

research methodology,

I: 17–18

II: 255–258, 267–270, 283, 293–294, 322, 341–342, 366–369, 382, 383–389, 397–399, 412

transportation to services, II: 278

urban areas, II: 262–263, 276, 277, 284, 293

toxins, I: 435, 436, 443–444, 446–448, 450–452, 458, 461

veterans,

I: 18

II: 393–394, 411–424

Whites, II: 259–260, 270, 271, 272–277, 287–290, 314, 381, 388, 392–395, 412, 414–421

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Birth weight;

Disabled persons;

Diseases and disorders;

Environmental toxins;

Fertility;

Genetics;

Hospitalization;

Infant mortality;

Infants;

Life expectancy;

Mortality;

Pregnancy;

Risk factors, health-related;

Smoking;

S

Health Resources Service Administration, II: 364

Healthy People 2000, II: 351–369, 396–397

Healthy People 2010, I: 92

Healthy Start, II: 365

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease

Hispanics, I: 16, 38, 103–134

adolescents,

I: 375

II: 323, 328–331, 332, 361, 362, 363

see also “teenage pregnancy” infra

affirmative action, I: 14, 123, 124, 274, 328, 335

age factors,

I: 47–48, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 81, 85, 86–87, 114, 116, 119, 350, 352–356

II: 58, 165, 261, 292, 378

agricultural workers, I: 59–60, 213–214

alcohol and drug abuse, II: 328–331, 332, 382

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

assimilation,

I: 125–126

II: 85–88, 102–103, 287, 292

attitudes of or toward teachers, I: 13, 379, 380

attitudes of students, I: 380–384

attitudes toward immigrants, I: 223

birth weight, II: 319

businesses owned by, II: 194, 200, 203

census data,

I: 41–42, 57, 106, 107, 119–120, 121–122, 338

II: 85

children,

I: 25, 110, 119

II: 102, 228–229, 289–290, 340, 353, 355, 400

children of immigrants, I: 228–229

Civil Rights Movement, I: 118

classification of,

I: 4, 41–42, 57, 107, 119–120, 121–122, 267

II: 255, 256, 371, 384, 387, 398

conference agenda,

I: 474–475

II: 436–437

crime and criminal justice system,

I: 18

II: 41, 45, 323, 340

cultural factors,

I: 16, 23, 65, 104–105, 119, 125–128, 222, 372

II: 384, 398, 399

see also “assimilation” supra

demographics, general, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 59, 61, 93, 106–110

digital divide, I: 25

disabilities, II: 267

discrimination,

I:, 121, 123–124, 125, 221, 228, 264, 274, 278, 280, 281, 285, 286, 420

II: 107, 142, 367, 369, 390, 392, 396, 401, 420

economic factors, general, I: 110–114, 124–125

education, I: 14, 123, 124, 365, 366, 369, 371

educational attainment,

I: 26–27, 39, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118–119, 143, 180, 208, 379, 385–387

II: 56–59, 63, 64–65, 70–73, 78, 89, 94, 95, 102–103, 142, 143, 147, 165, 167, 227, 292, 319

see also “test scores” infra

education, bilingual, I: 119, 123, 124

elderly, II: 266

electoral issues, I: 117–119, 121, 123, 186

employment,

I: 14, 59–60, 105, 110–112, 117, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 213–214, 224–227, 441–442

II: 53, 101, 103, 104, 105, 108, 128–135 (passim), 143, 165, 183, 280, 343

employment, gender factors,

I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224–225

II: 53–68, 71–73, 78, 81–87, 102, 124, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141–143, 146–147

families and households,

I: 65

II: 352

fertility, I: 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 93, 107

gender factors,

I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 110, 130, 180, 224–227

II: 53–59, 71–73, 81, 83, 102, 158–160, 261, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378

see also “employment, gender factors” supra

health care, II: 281, 285, 392–393, 420, 422

health-care professionals, II: 286, 295

health insurance, II: 280–281, 283

health risk factors, II: 272–276 (passim), 287, 289–290, 314, 315, 316, 317, 339

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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health status, general, II: 256–257, 258–259, 261–262, 266, 270–271, 292, 382, 384, 398

homicide and assaultive violence,

I: 34, 35

II: 323, 340, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378, 379

housing conditions, I: 36–37

housing discrimination, I: 125

see also “segregation, residential” infra

immigrants,

I: 23, 26–27, 38–39, 49, 51, 57, 84, 91, 93, 105, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 122, 127, 128, 186, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214–220, 223–228 (passim), 403, 406, 425

II: 44, 54, 58, 83–89, 94, 102, 142–143, 226, 237, 277, 280

illegal,

I: 107, 214, 223

II: 84, 85

naturalization, I: 118, 119, 127

immunizations, II: 360

income,

I: 30–31, 111, 113, 114, 411

II: 54–55, 128, 129, 164, 230, 231

infant mortality,

I: 32, 33, 85, 90

II: 265, 357

infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320–321

infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315, 339

infants, lead poisoning, II: 316, 317

intermarriage,

I: 74, 75, 121, 122

II: 293

language factors,

I: 42, 118, 119, 122, 130, 208, 221, 224, 349, 350, 354, 360

II: 54, 142

see “education, bilingual” supra

life expectancy,

I: 81, 86–87

II: 261

marriage,

I: 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 93, 121, 122

II: 164, 166, 293

mathematics achievement, I: 349–350, 358, 360, 365, 366, 367

Medicaid, II: 280–281

Medicare, II: 280

mental illness, II: 382

migration within U.S., I: 110, 122

military service, I: 183

mixed race status, I: 107, 121–122

mortality,

I: 32, 33, 34, 80, 81, 82–83, 85, 86–87, 90, 91

II: 256, 258, 261–262, 265, 266, 271, 291, 361, 362, 363, 372–380, 384, 387

naturalization, I: 118, 119, 127

political factors,

I: 16, 38, 106, 117–119, 121, 122–130, 131, 186, 253

II: 78

population growth,

I: 16, 22–23, 38, 43, 44, 103, 106–107, 109, 122, 250, 437, 438

II: 352

poverty,

I: 104, 111, 131, 292, 400

II: 55, 67, 343, 400

prenatal care, II: 279

projections, I: 16, 23, 38, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106–107, 109

reading achievement, I: 349, 350, 354, 358, 360, 369, 370

regional demographics, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 93, 105, 107, 214–217, 218–220

rural areas, I: 59–60, 213–214

segregation, residential, I: 37–38, 104, 107, 110, 125, 401, 403–407, 411, 414–415, 420, 425

smoking, I: 33

socioeconomic status, general,

I: 104, 110–117, 118–119, 122, 123, 233

II: 52, 53, 54–55, 270–271, 291, 384

state-level factors, I: 51, 107, 109, 129, 175, 203, 251

suburban areas, I: 438, 456

teachers attitudes toward, I: 13

teenage pregnancy,

I: 67, 68, 77, 93

II: 147, 359, 361

television, I: 369, 370

test scores,

I: 13, 348–356, 358, 360, 365, 366, 367, 370, 383–387

II: 73–74, 141, 313

undercounting, I: 106, 388

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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urban areas,

I: 52–54, 55, 57, 59–60, 62, 93, 104, 107, 110, 125, 129, 214–217, 218–220, 228–229, 233, 250, 253, 372, 441–442, 456

II: 45, 81–83, 113, 165, 343

see also “segregation, residential” supra

veterans, II: 422

wages,

I: 14, 29, 30

II: 53, 54, 60–69, 70, 73, 78, 81–89, 94–95, 101–104, 126, 129, 141–143, 164

wealth, II: 92–94, 95–96, 226–227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 237, 249

welfare,

I: 15, 278

II: 156–171 (passim), 390

see specific groups

Hispanics and Blacks in the Cities: Policies for the 1990s, I: 129

HIV, see AIDS

Holzer, Harry J.

I: 14, 479

II: 98–123, 441

Homelessness, II: 343

Homicide

I: 17–18, 34, 35

II: 2, 25–26, 27, 33, 43, 259, 378–379

adolescent perpetrators, II: 311, 322, 323–328, 340–341

see also Capital punishment

Hospitalization, II: 393

Blacks vs Whites, II: 284–285, 393–394, 413, 415–421

payment policies, I: 10

Veterans Health Administration,

I: 18

II: 393–394, 411–424

Households, see Families and households

Housing

I: 1, 22, 36–37

II: 279

affirmative action, I: 320, 427

American Indians and Asians/Pacific Islanders, I: 36–37

Blacks, condition of housing,

I: 36–37, 220

II: 226, 238–239, 240–242

discrimination/neighborhood segregation,

I: 6–7, 8, 12, 17, 37–38, 39, 125, 221, 226, 235, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 279, 283–284, 294–295, 391–434, 445

II: 44, 110, 113, 116–117, 240–243, 391–392

real estate sales, racial profiling,

I: 391–392, 398, 401, 409–410, 411, 413, 415–421, 427, 428

funding, I: 426–427, 428, 445–446

government assistance,

I: 445–446

II: 156, 160–161, 163

homelessness, II: 343

lead poisoning, II: 316, 317

low-income, I: 459, 460

ownership as wealth, II: 226, 238–239, 240–243

segregation, impacts on condition of, I: 391

transportation to work and, I: 459–460

Housing and Community Development Act, I: 427

Housing Discrimination Study. I: 417–419, 420–421

Human Services Secretarial Task Force, II: 365

Hypertension

birth weight and, II: 320, 400

Blacks, II: 278, 288, 294, 396, 400

immigrants, II: 399

I

Illegal immigration, I: 200–201, 203, 204

Hispanics,

I: 107, 214, 223

II: 84, 85

Illinois, I: 51, 109

Immigrants and immigration, I: 2–3, 13, 16–17, 23, 40, 43, 200–242

adolescents, I: 230, 231

age factors, I: 47, 49, 206, 208–209, 229–232

Asian Indians, foreign-born, I: 51, 60, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210

Asians and Pacific Islanders, foreign-born,

I: 23, 38–39, 48, 55–56, 57, 91, 93, 173, 175–176, 177, 184–189, 192, 205, 209, 210, 213–220, 223, 227–228, 407–409, 425

II: 44, 237, 282

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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attitudes of immigrants, I: 236–237

attitudes toward immigrants, I: 221–222, 223, 253

Blacks, attitudes toward immigrants, I: 221–222, 253

Blacks, foreign-born,

I: 186, 219

II: 260, 340, 386–387

Canadian, I: 216–217

children and children of,

I: 49, 218, 223, 228–237

II: 102–103

conference agenda,

I: 472

II: 434

contemporary (1960–1990), overall patterns, I: 16–17, 200–242

economic incorporation/mobility, I: 85– 88, 224–228

see also “globalization and” infra

educational attainment, I: 208–210, 234, 236

education of, general I: 208–210, 234, 235, 236

emigration of immigrants into U.S.,

I: 202, 204

II: 85–86

emigration of U.S. nationals, I: 13

employment and immigration status,

I: 204, 207, 208, 209–210, 221, 224–227, 235, 236

II: 54, 58, 83–89, 94, 102, 142–143

European, foreign-born, I: 103, 203–204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214–215, 216–217, 222, 227, 258–259

farm workers, I: 59–60, 200–201, 213–214

gender factors, I: 206, 224–227

globalization and, I: 207–210, 212, 214, 224

health factors, II: 277, 280, 282, 340, 399

Hispanics, attitudes toward immigrants, I: 223

Hispanics, foreign-born,

I: 23, 26–27, 38–39, 49, 51, 57, 84, 91, 93, 105, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 122, 127, 128, 186, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214–220, 223–228 (passim), 403, 406, 425

II: 44, 54, 58, 83–89, 94, 102, 142–143, 226, 237, 277, 280

illegal,

I: 107, 200–201, 203, 204, 214, 223

II: 84, 85

income, general, I: 206, 208–209

Jewish, I: 212, 218

legislation, I: 49, 173, 175, 200–205, 207, 213, 214, 246, 255

networks, peers and family,

I: 59, 60, 213–214, 222, 224, 403

II: 107

population growth, overall contribution I: 205

poverty, general, I: 208–209, 220–221, 234

race, concept of, I: 235–236, 246–247

racism and discrimination, I: 218

regional demographics, I: 49, 51, 57, 61, 175–176, 203, 205, 206, 230–233

segregation, residential, I: 220–221, 391–392, 403, 407–409, 414, 425

socioeconomic status, I: 206, 208–209, 224–228, 232–238

students, international, I: 204, 210, 213

suburban areas, I: 234–235, 238

urban areas, I: 17, 52, 57–58, 59, 61–62, 205–206, 214–222, 228–235, 246, 391–392, 403, 407–409, 414, 425

Whites, I: 186, 219

see also “European…” supra

see also Assimilation;

Illegal immigration;

Language factors;

Naturalization;

Refugees and asylees;

specific immigrant groups

Immigration Acts, I: 49, 175

Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-Cellar Act), I: 207, 213

Immigration and Naturalization Service, I: 40, 204

Immigration Reform and Control Act, I: 200–201, 202, 203, 205

Immunizations

I: 92

II: 357–359, 365

Incarceration, see Sentencing and incarceration

Income

I: 15, 30–32, 38, 111

II: 223, 225–226, 399

affirmative action, attitudes toward and, I: 335

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

American Indians,

I: 31, 38

II: 164

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 30–31, 32, 114, 411

II: 102, 128, 129, 229

Blacks,

I: 15, 30–31, 32, 38, 58, 111, 113, 114, 411, 421–422, 425

II: 2, 54, 55, 128, 165, 220, 225, 229 –234

classification of racial groups, I: 5

conference agenda,

I: 473

II: 435

defined, II: 222

Hispanics,

I: 30–31, 111, 113, 114, 411

II: 54–55, 128, 129, 164, 230, 231

housing, low-income, I: 459, 460

immigrants, general, I: 206, 208–209

mortality and, I: 91

national, I: 10

segregation and, I: 411, 421–424

single parents, I: 31

suburban vs urban, I: 437–440

wealth and, II: 222, 225, 229–235

welfare, risk factors, II: 164, 166

Whites,

I: 30–31, 32, 111, 114

II: 54–55, 164, 229–234

see also Poverty;

Wages and salaries;

Wealth;

Welfare

Indian Act of Canada, I: 140

Indian Education Act, I: 152

Indian Health Service

I: 91

II: 262, 282, 383–384

Indian Removal Act, I: 60

Indian Reorganization Act, I: 143–144

Indians, see American Indians and Alaskan Natives

Indochinese Refuge Resettlement Program Act, I: 175

Infant mortality

I: 32–33, 80, 84–85, 88–90, 92, 146

II: 264, 265, 343, 354, 356–357, 362, 364–366, 399

Infants, II: 311, 312–322, 343

birth weight, II: 264, 279, 311, 318–320, 339–340, 399, 400

fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320–322, 340

iron deficiency, II: 311, 312, 314–315, 339

lead poisoning, II: 289–290, 311, 315–318

Influenza, II: 376–377, 380

Injuries, see Accidents and injuries

Insurance, see Health insurance

Intermarriage, I: 3, 85, 94, 247–248, 249–250, 259

American Indians,

I: 16, 75, 76, 142, 149

II: 293

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 75, 76, 177, 178, 259

II: 293

Blacks,

I: 74, 75, 272, 401

II: 293

Hispanics,

I: 74, 75, 121, 122

II: 293

infant mortality statistics, I: 85

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, I: 459

Internal Revenue Service, II: 200–201

International perspectives

conference agenda,

I: 474

II: 436

mortality and life expectancy, II: 372

racism, South Africa, Brazil, and U.S. compared, I: 302–316

rural areas in developing countries, I: 208

students, international, I: 204, 210, 213

see also Immigrants and immigration;

Refugees and asylees;

specific countries

Internet

Hispanics, employment, I: 130

Interracial marriage, see Intermarriage

Interstate Highway Act, I: 445

Inter-University Program for Latino Research, I: 128–130

Iron deficiency, II: 311, 312, 314–315, 339

J

Japanese, I: 5

classification of, I: 22, 40, 41, 177

discrimination against, I: 121, 172

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

educational attainment, I: 181

electoral issues, I: 190

employment issues, II: 103, 128, 130, 131, 132, 135

fertility, I: 66

health care, II: 282

health status, II: 263, 265, 266, 399

immigrants,

I: 175, 176

II: 399

marriage, I: 76

mortality,

I: 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 90

II: 265, 266

regional demographics, I: 51

Jenkins, Renee R.

I: 5, 18, 479

II: 351–370, 441

Jews

affirmative action, I: 328, 335

immigrants, I: 212, 218

political participation, I: 183, 191, 328

racism and discrimination

I: 163–164, 267, 335

II: 89, 389, 390, 401

Jim Crow laws

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 292, 293, 294, 304, 305, 306, 308–310, 314, 395, 402

II: 281

see also Apartheid

Job Training Partnership Act, II: 112

Johnson, Lyndon

I: 321–322

II: 204

Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, I: 335, 336

Jurisprudence, see Crime and criminal justice;

Litigation

Jury selection

I: 319

II: 2, 7–11, 33, 41

K

Kennedy, John, I: 320

Kennedy, Randall

I: 18–19, 479–480

II: 1–21, 22, 24, 25, 32–48, 441–442

Kentucky, II: 8–9

Kerner Commission, see National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders

Kidney disease, II: 393, 417

Kington, Raynard S.

I: 17, 480

II: 253–310, 442

Koreans

Blacks, conflicts with, I: 222

classification of, I: 41, 177

educational attainment, I: 180, 181, 209

fertility, I: 66

health care, II: 282

immigrants, I: 51, 60, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 216–217

mortality,

I: 81, 83

II: 263

political participation, I: 183

regional demographics, I: 51, 60

L

Language factors

I: 267

II: 144

American Indians, I: 142, 149, 154

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 178

Blacks, II: 386

English-language courses, I: 365–366

Hispanics,

I: 42, 118, 119, 122, 130, 208, 221, 224, 349, 350, 354, 360

II: 54, 142

immigrants, general,

I: 208, 229, 235

II: 88, 102, 386

reading ability,

I: 149, 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360–362, 368, 369, 372

II: 74, 313

Latino National Political Survey, I: 119

Latinos, see Hispanics

Lead poisoning, II: 289–290, 311, 315–318, 339, 392

Legal issues, I: 6, 13

American Indians,

education, I: 149–150, 151

litigation, I: 143–144, 145

remains of dead, I: 154(n.10), 158–161, 166

tribal membership requirements, I: 139–140, 144

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

tribal sovereignty, I: 143–144, 145, 146–147, 165–166

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 172, 173

race and ethnicity defined, I: 4, 245

see also Affirmative action;

Crime and criminal justice;

Illegal immigration;

Jury selection;

Legislation, general;

Legislation, specific;

Litigation;

Naturalization

Legislation, general

American Indians, I: 16, 143–144, 145, 149–150, 159–162

antidiscrimination,

I: 123, 343, 402, 413, 426, 437

II: 107, 113–114, 138, 139, 141, 198

see also Affirmative action

antidrug laws, II: 4, 12, 14–17, 26, 29, 39, 46, 47, 327

antimisegenation, I: 249–250

disabled persons, antidiscrimination, II: 78

gun control, II: 328, 338–339

immigration, I: 49, 173, 175, 200–205, 207, 213, 214, 246, 255

Individual Asset Accounts, II: 247–248

Jim Crow,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 292, 293, 294, 304, 305, 306, 308–310, 314, 395, 402

II: 281

Medicare/Medicaid, II: 281

racial profiling by police, II: 6

sentencing, criminal justice,

I: 18, 35

II: 2, 11–18, 22, 23

South Africa, apartheid and U.S. policies, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

welfare eligibility, II: 154–155, 342–343

Legislation, specific

Age Discrimination Act, II: 77–78

Anti-Drug Abuse Act, II: 15, 26

Antiquities Act, I: 160

Chinese Exclusion Act, I: 173

Civil Rights Acts,

I: 114, 320–321, 322, 323, 324, 333

II: 76, 77, 78, 139, 204, 206, 281

Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act, II: 17

Economic Opportunity Act, II: 204

Fair Housing Act, I: 398, 401, 413, 415, 427

Foreign Assistance Act, II: 214

G.I.Bill, I: 10

Housing and Community Development Act, I: 427

Immigration Acts, I: 49, 175

Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-CelarAct), I: 207, 213

Immigration Reform and Control Act, I: 200–201, 202, 203, 205

Indian Act of Canada, I: 140

Indian Education Act, I: 152

Indian Removal Act, I: 60

Indian Reorganization Act, I: 143–144

Indochinese Refuge Resettlement Program Act, I: 175

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, I: 459

Interstate Highway Act, I: 445

Job Training Partnership Act, II: 112

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), I: 320

National Museum of the American Indian Act, I: 154(n.10), 160, 161

National Voter Registration Act, I: 192

Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act, I: 154(n.10), 160–161

Omnibus Small Business Act, II: 205

Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act, II: 155, 161

Public Works Employment Act, II: 205, 207, 214

Racial Justice Act, II: 13–14

Refugee Act, I: 175

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act, II: 214

Surface Transportation Assistance Act, II: 214

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, I: 459

Unmarked Human Burial Sites and Skeletal Remains Protection Act (Nebraska), I: 160

Voting Rights Act, I: 118

Welfare Reform Act, II: 342

Life expectancy

I: 80–81, 86–87, 93

II: 256, 257, 259, 262, 263, 265, 266, 292

cancer patients, II: 382–383, 384–385

gender factors,

I: 86–87

II: 372, 382–383, 384–385

see also Mortality

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Litigation, I: 128

American Indians, I: 143–144, 145

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 255

capital punishment, II: 12–14, 25–26, 33

criminal, see “capital punishment” supra, “racial profiling”, and sentencing…” infra

color-blindness, I: 311, 326–327

education, affirmative action, I: 327–329, 333–334

education, desegregation,

I: 321

II: 104

employment discrimination,

I: 323–325, 333–334

II: 77–78, 114

minority business set-asides,

I: 326–327

II: 207, 215–217

naturalization, I: 255

racial profiling, II: 4–5, 36, 40

residential desegregation, I: 395

school desegregation, I: 320–321

sentencing and incarceration,

I: 6, 18, 35, 427

II: 2, 11–18, 22, 23–24, 26–28, 29–30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40–48, 327

urban public transportation, I: 460

see also Jury selection

Liver disease, II: 375–376, 380

Local factors

I: 7, 36, 37–38, 129

II: 352

affirmative action,

I: 319, 325–326, 331

II: 205–207, 208–213, 214–217

businesses owned by minorities, II: 191–193, 202, 205–207, 208–213, 214

conference agenda,

I: 474

II: 436

economic development assistance, II: 113

linguistic isolation, I: 235

racist actions of officials, I: 302

research, community-based studies, II: 367

segregated neighborhoods, see “housing discrimination…” under Segregation

see also Housing;

Peers and friends;

Suburban areas;

Urban areas

Locke, Gary, I: 171

Lozoff, Betsy

I: 18, 480

II: 311–350, 442

Lung cancer

I: 91

II: 272, 383, 385, 386

M

Malcolm X, I: 287–288

Managed care, II: 285

Mannon, Susan E., I: 40–102

Marijuana, I: 16, 39, 328, 329, 333

Marriage and marital status, I: 10, 40, 62, 71–76

age at marriage, I: 62, 71, 75, 93

American Indians,

I: 16, 73, 75–76, 77, 79, 93, 142, 149

II: 164, 166, 293

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 16, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 177, 178, 259

II: 164, 166, 266, 293

Blacks,

I: 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 93, 272, 422

II: 133, 164, 293, 397–398

divorce, I: 62, 71–74, 75, 80

employment and, II: 133, 136, 143–144

health status and, II: 397–398

Hispanics,

I: 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 93, 121, 122

II: 164, 166, 293

out-of-wedlock childbearing,

I: 67, 69–71, 93, 422, 425

II: 162, 163, 366

out-of-wedlock cohabitation, I: 71

welfare recipients, II: 162, 163, 164, 166

Whites,

I: 72, 74–78 (passim), 93, 259

II: 133, 164, 293, 401

see also Intermarriage;

Single parents

Martin, Molly, I: 40–102

Marx, Anthony W.

I: 13, 302–317, 480

II: 442

Maryland, I: 57

Massey, Douglas S.

I: 17, 391–434, 480

II: 442

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Mathematics education and achievement

I: 25, 349–350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367

II: 74, 313

McLoyd, Vonnie C.

I: 18, 480–481

II: 311–350, 442–443

Medicaid, II: 154, 155–156, 160, 161, 163, 281

Medical care, see Health-care professionals;

Health insurance;

Health issues;

Hospitalization

Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, II: 283

Medicare, II: 280, 284, 413, 424

American Indians, II: 282

Blacks, II: 281, 284, 392, 413

Meier, Ann M., I: 40–102

Men, see Gender factors

Mental illness, II: 343, 381–382, 399

adolescents, II: 311, 322–339, 340–342

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 178

Blacks, II: 288–289, 381–382

schizophrenia, II: 381, 382

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Suicide;

Violence

Methodology, see Research methodology

Metropolitan areas, see Urban areas

Mexicans

I: 5, 42, 107, 131

II: 401

dual citizenship, I: 127

educational attainment/achievement,

I: 114, 116, 119, 208, 385–387

II: 59, 89, 286, 313

employment,

I: 14, 111, 112, 121, 208, 225, 226

II: 130–131, 132, 133, 135, 143

wages, II: 53, 67, 68, 63, 85, 86, 87, 88, 101, 102, 142

fertility, I: 65, 67

health care, II: 286

health insurance, II: 280

health risk factors, II: 274, 314, 315, 316, 317, 339

health status, II: 256–257, 258, 261, 265, 267, 271, 277

immigrants,

I: 104–105, 110, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 213–214, 215, 225, 226, 228

II: 83, 86–87, 143, 277

income,

I: 111, 113

II: 54, 55

marriage, I: 74, 77

mortality,

I: 83, 90

II: 265, 268, 271

political issues, I: 119, 127

population growth, I: 107, 108

regional demographics, I: 51, 57, 203

segregation, I: 110, 406

urban areas, I: 54, 59–60, 110, 215, 233

see also Hispanics

Michigan

American Indians, I: 140

Midwestern U.S.

demographics,

I: 23, 24, 49, 50, 57, 205

II: 104

residential segregation, I: 400

Whites, I: 39, 49

Migration, international, see Immigrants and immigration

Migration, within U.S., I: 40, 43, 56–62

American Indians, relocation, I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 141, 150, 151–152

Blacks,

I: 51, 391–392, 393–394

II: 45, 104

census data, I: 56, 58

economic factors, I: 46, 58, 59, 60

Hispanics, I: 110, 122

residential segregation and, I: 391–392, 393–394

see also Regional factors

Military service, I: 10, 15

affirmative action,

I: 15

II: 186

American Indians, I: 60

Blacks,

I: 15

II: 174–189, 393–394, 412, 414–421

G.I.Bill, I: 10

testing, I: 141

women, II: 174, 179, 183

see also Veterans

Minnesota, II: 10, 15, 17, 28

Minority-owned businesses

I: 15, 193, 223

II: 175–176, 190–221

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

affirmative action,

I: 325–327, 329–330

II: 190, 191, 193, 202, 204–217, 219

local economic development zones, II: 113

set-asides,

I: 325–326, 329–330

II: 205, 214–217

suburban areas, II: 192–193

see also Black-owned businesses

Mississippi, II: 28

Mitchell, Faith

I: 1–20, 481

II: 443

Mixed marriages, see Intermarriage

Mixed racial status

American Indians, I: 138

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 177

classification issues, I: 4, 7, 41, 42, 85, 247–250

Hispanics, I: 107, 121–122

infant mortality, I: 85

reproduction, I: 3, 85, 247–250

see also Intermarriage

urban areas, I: 61

Moffitt, Robert A.

I: 15, 481

II: 152–173, 443

Monitoring the Future Survey, II: 328, 332

Mortality

I: 16, 17–18, 33–34, 40, 43, 80–92

II: 255, 257, 258–266, 276–277, 371–380, 384–385, 387

adolescents, II: 323–327, 359, 361–362, 363–364

causes of death, II: 363, 371–388, 397

gender factors,

I: 81, 82–83, 84, 86–87

II: 259, 261, 363, 382–383, 384–385

research methodology,

I: 80, 81, 85

II: 382, 383–389

see also Homicide;

Infant mortality;

Life expectancy;

Suicide;

“mortality” and “infant mortality” under specific racial/ethnic groups

Moskos, Charles C.

I: 15

II: 174–189

Motor Voter Act, see National Voter Registration Act

Move to Opportunity Program, I: 427, 451

Multiracial status, see Mixed racial status

Music, I: 341, 369, 372–375

Myrdal, Gunnar

I: 104

II: 254

N

Nakanishi, Don T., I: 16, 170–199

National Academy of Public Administration, I: 453

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission)

I: 322

II: 48

National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, I: 171

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), I: 25–26, 348–372, 380, 383–384

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, I: 320, 460

National Black Politics Survey, I: 286

National Center for Health Statistics, I: 85

National Comorbidity Survey, II: 382

National Crime Victimization Survey, II: 27, 29

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II: 312, 315, 317

National Health Interview Survey II: 256, 267, 273, 282, 283, 290

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, II: 334

National Institute on Drug Abuse. II: 334

National Jobs for All Coalition, I: 130

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), I: 320

National Longitudinal Mortality Survey, II: 256, 261

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, II: 342

National Longitudinal Survey, II: 138

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, II: 106, 141

National Long Term Care Surveys, II: 267

National Medical Expenditures Survey, II: 282, 283

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

National Museum of the American Indian Act, I: 154(n.10), 160, 161

National Survey of Drug Abuse, II: 332

National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, II: 420

National Voter Registration Act, I: 192

A Nation at Risk, I: 364

Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act, I: 154(n.10), 160–161

Native Americans, see American Indians and Alaska Natives;

Hawaiian Natives

Naturalization

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 186, 187–189, 255

Hispanics, I: 118, 119, 127

Nebraska, II: 28

Neighborhoods, see Local factors

Nevada, II: 43

New Jersey

I: 51, 109, 206

II: 28

New Mexico

American Indians, I: 140

Hispanics, I: 109

New York State

American Indians, I: 140

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 183

Hispanics, I: 51, 109

immigrants, I: 206

minority population growth, II: 402

Nickens, Herbert W.

I: 17

II: 252, 253–310

Nixon, Richard

I: 144, 321, 322

II: 204–205

North American Free Trade Association, I: 127

North Carolina

American Indians, I: 140

Blacks, I: 57

Northeastern U.S.

demographics, I: 23, 49, 50, 57, 60, 205

Hispanics, I: 23, 50, 57, 107

residential segregation, I: 399, 400

Nutrition and diet

I: 91, 157

II: 273, 274, 278, 294, 340, 343

birth weight and maternal, II: 320

eating disorders, II: 328

Food stamps, II: 154–158 (passim), 160, 161, 163, 342

iron deficiency, II: 311, 312, 314–315, 339

obesity, II: 274, 275

Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315

O

Obesity, II: 274, 275

Oddone, Eugene Z.

I: 18

II: 411–429

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, I: 321, 322

Office of Management and Budget

census data,

I: 120

II: 371, 398

mixed-racial status, I: 248

race defined,

I: 254–255

II: 371

Oklahoma

American Indians, I: 139, 140

Oliver, Melvin L.

I: 15, 482

II: 222–251, 444

Omi, Michael A.

I: 13, 243–263, 482

II: 444

Omnibus Small Business Act, II: 205

P

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), II: 89, 234, 244, 245

Parents, II: 355

attitudes toward education, I: 379–380

drug abuse prevention, II: 334

educational attainment,

I: 15, 351, 379

II: 319

immigrant, I: 23, 237

violence by adolescents, parental factors, II: 327–328

see also Single parents

Pastor, Manuel, Jr.

I: 17, 435–467, 482

II: 444

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Peers and friends

I: 36

II: 247

Black youth,

I: 375–378

II: 331

drug use, II: 331

Hispanic youth, I: 375

immigrant assimilation, I: 237

immigrant networks,

I: 59, 60, 213–214, 222, 224, 403

II: 107

poverty and network disintegration, I: 442–443, 455–456

Pell Grants, II: 112

Pennsylvania, II: 365

Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act, II: 155, 161

Petersen, Laura A., II: 411–429

Philippines, see Filipinos

Pneumonia, II: 376–377, 380, 393

Police, relations with Blacks,

racial discrimination by,

I: 35

II: 1, 2, 30, 34, 46

racial discrimination in hiring of, I: 323, 325

racial profiling by, II: 3–7, 23, 24–25, 29, 33, 35–40

Political issues, I: 2, 11, 13

American Indians, I: 16, 138, 143–145, 147, 153, 155–166

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 38, 170–199

Blacks,

I: 38, 121, 129, 186, 279–280, 302–316

II: 17, 34, 40–41, 78

see also Civil Rights Movement

conference agenda,

I: 475

II: 437

criminal justice system, II: 17, 33, 34, 40–41, 45

education, I: 364

Hispanics,

I: 38, 16, 106, 117–119, 121, 122–130, 131, 186, 253

II: 78

Jews, I: 183, 191, 328

race, concept of, I: 245–254 (passim)

racial scapegoating, I: 302–316

racial stereotyping and racism, I: 279–280, 307–308

racism and intra-White politics, I: 307–308, 309, 313

refugees, I: 212

regional, I: 454

suburban areas, I: 17, 449–450

urban areas, I: 17, 435, 449–450, 451–452

wealth, II: 222

Whites, I: 186, 187, 220

racism and intra-White politics, I: 307–308, 309, 313

see also Affirmative action;

Civil Rights Movement;

Electoral issues;

Legal issues;

Naturalization;

Public opinion;

Racism and discrimination

Population size and growth

I: 16, 22, 43–44

II: 402

American Indians,

I: 16, 22–23, 61, 135–138, 140

II: 254

Asians/Pacific Islanders

I: 16, 22–23, 43, 44, 61, 174–175, 182, 250

II: 352

Baby Boom,

I: 45, 62, 63, 65

II: 245

Blacks,

I: 16, 22–23, 43, 44, 61, 250, 437, 438, 445

II: 41–44, 46, 352

children, II: 352, 353

Hispanics,

I: 16, 22–23, 38, 43, 44, 106–107, 122, 250, 437, 438

II: 352

immigration, overall contribution, 205 I: 205

majority group, I: 1, 16, 44

prison population, Black, White, and other, II: 41–44, 46

suburban areas, I: 437, 438, 445

Whites,

I: 16, 44, 250, 437, 438

II: 42–43

see also Fertility;

Projections

Poverty

I: 31–32, 435, 436

II: 354

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

access to health care,

I: 10

II: 278

affirmative action, I: 328–329, 338–339, 340

American Indians,

I: 146

II: 292

Blacks,

I: 311, 421–424, 425–426

II: 55, 67, 116, 218, 225, 274, 292, 324–327, 343, 357, 400

childhood, II: 354, 356, 357–359, 400

diet and, II: 274

government policies, I: 11

health status and, general,

I: 10

II: 268–271, 277, 291, 292, 294–295, 311, 341

Hispanics,

I: 104, 111, 131, 292, 400

II: 55, 67, 343, 400

homicide and assaultive violence, II: 324–327

immigrants, general, I: 208–209, 220–221, 234

immunizations, II: 358, 360

infants, iron deficiency, I: 314

infants, lead poisoning, II: 316

inheritance of wealth, II: 245

military personnel, background of, II: 182, 184–185, 187

minority business employment of poor, II: 192

racism and, I: 282

segregation and, I: 421–424, 425–426

stress effects, II: 277, 278

suburban vs urban, I: 437, 439, 459–460

teenage pregnancy, I: 423

Whites, II: 45–46, 54, 55–56, 67, 68–69, 359

see also Medicaid;

Welfare

Pregnancy

birth weight II: 264, 279, 311, 318–320, 339–340

diet, II: 274

fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320–322, 340

out-of-wedlock childbearing,

I: 67, 69–71, 93, 422, 425

II: 162, 163, 366

prenatal care, II: 279

teenage,

I: 62, 65, 66–67, 68, 76–77, 93, 423

II: 147, 340, 359, 361, 362, 365–366, 399

see also Birth weight;

Infant mortality;

Infants

Prejudice, see Racism and discrimination

President’s Council of Economic Advisers, I: 1

President’s Initiative on Race

I: 1, 21, 243

II: 3, 6, 21

Prisons, see Sentencing and incarceration

Projections

I: 43–44

II: 401

American Indians, I: 16, 61

Asians/Pacific Islanders, I: 16, 43, 44, 61

Blacks, I: 16, 43, 44, 61

employment, gender factors, I: 14–15

Hispanics, I: 23, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106–107, 109

majority group, I: 1, 16, 44

mortality, I: 91–92

regional demographics, I: 61–62

Whites, I: 16, 44, 61

Prostate cancer, II: 393, 423

Psychological factors, II: 397

adolescents, psychosocial problems, II: 311, 322–339, 340–342

Blacks, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 278, 335, 381–382

Blacks, effects of police profiling, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36

children, II: 311–318

race and ethnicity defined, I: 2, 243–260 (passim)

stress due to racism, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 277–278, 395–396, 398, 400

wealth, II: 248

Whites, health status, II: 381

see also Attitudes;

Cultural factors;

Mental illness;

Racism and discrimination;

Suicide;

Violence

Public health interventions, II: 279, 294, 295, 315, 318, 320, 322, 327–328, 333–334, 338–339, 364–369

Public opinion, I: 310–311

affirmative action, I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–344

criminal justice system, discrimination against Blacks, II: 1, 5–6, 14–15, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34–35, 48

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

desegregation, I: 269–271, 273, 284, 411–415, 419

immigration patterns, I: 201

racial profiling, II: 6

refugees, I: 212

welfare, II: 152–153

see also Attitudes;

Racism and discrimination

Public Use Micro Samples, II: 137, 138(n.9), 140

Public Works Employment Act. II: 205, 207, 214

Puerto Ricans

I: 5, 42, 54, 57, 67, 74, 77

II: 227

educational attainment, I: 114–115, 116, 119, 143

employment,

I: 111, 112

II: 53, 101, 104, 105, 108, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 143

health care, II: 286

health insurance, II: 280–281

health status, II: 256, 259, 261, 262, 267, 357

income,

I: 113

II: 55, 128, 129

mortality

I: 83, 90, 92

II: 265

political participation, I: 119, 127–128

regional demographics. I: 51, 57

segregation, I: 110, 406, 420, 425

Q

Quotas, see Affirmative action

R

Racial Justice Act, II: 13–14

Racial profiling

police, II: 3–7, 23, 24–25, 29, 33, 35–40

real estate sales, I: 391–392, 398, 401, 409–410, 411, 413, 415–421, 427, 428

Racism and discrimination

I: 2–3, 6–7, 13, 17, 19, 104, 264–295 (passim), 302–316

II: 77

age discrimination, II: 77–78

American Indians,

I: 147–149, 420

II: 391

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 172, 173–174, 192, 228, 260, 277, 280, 281, 285, 286

II: 142, 390

Black-owned businesses, II: 195, 239

Blacks,

I: 104, 221, 222, 264–267, 269–295, 302–316, 333, 348

II: 106–108, 109, 113–114, 117, 125, 137–141, 142, 144, 147, 184–186, 188, 195, 239, 246–247, 367, 369, 389, 390, 391–396, 400–401, 420–421

Brazil, I: 304–307

causes of, country comparisons, I: 304–307

conference agenda,

I: 475

II: 437

criminal justice system,

I: 280–283

II: 1–51, 392

see also Capital punishment;

Homicide;

Jury selection;

Police;

Sentencing and incarceration

defined, I: 302

disabled persons,

I: 2

II: 77, 78, 266–267

educational,

I: 8–9, 17, 269–271, 273, 284, 295, 320–321, 364, 445

II: 198, 204, 391

educational, discussion by mixed racial students, I: 256–257

employment,

I: 6–7, 8, 9, 14–15, 28, 35–36, 107–108, 222, 271, 282, 320, 321, 322, 323–325, 333–334

II: 76–78, 106–108, 109, 113–114, 117, 125, 137–141, 142, 144, 147, 204, 223, 391–392

suburban areas, II: 107, 114, 391–392

gender discrimination, II: 77, 107, 113, 125, 396

genetic explanations for, II: 255, 288

government classification systems and, I: 255

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

health insurance coverage,

I: 10–11

II: 392–394

health status and care,

I: 2, 6

II: 77, 78, 367–369, 382, 391–396, 398, 400–401, 420–421

health status and psychological stress due to racism, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 277–278, 395–396, 398, 400

Hispanics,

I: 121, 123–124, 125, 221, 228, 264, 274, 278, 280, 281, 285, 286, 420

II: 107, 142, 367, 369, 390, 392, 396, 401, 420

housing discrimination/neighborhood segregation,

I: 6–7, 8, 17, 37–38, 39, 125, 221, 226, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 279, 283– 284, 294–295, 320, 391–434, 445

II: 113, 240–243, 391–392

international perspectives, I: 13, 302–317

methodological issues, II: 388–389

military service, II: 184–186, 188, 393–394, 420–421

police, I: 280–281

psychological effects of, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 277–278

race, concept of, I: 244

reduction of, I: 1, 7, 123, 294–296, 343

see also Affirmative action;

Civil Rights Movement

religion, I: 39, 49, 61

scapegoating, I: 302–317

South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

stereotyping,

I: 273–280, 292–293, 305, 333

II: 3–7, 389, 390

see also Racial profiling

urban areas, immigrants, I: 218

Veterans Health Administration, II: 393–394, 420–421

voting, I: 9

Whites, Brazil/South Africa compared to U.S., I: 13, 302–316

reverse discrimination, I: 324, 326, 327–329

U.S.,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 264–267, 269–295, 322, 324, 326, 327–329, 337, 413, 418–421, 425

II: 106–107, 186, 246–247, 389, 390, 391, 400, 420–421

see also “affirmative action” and “crime…” under Whites

see also Affirmative action;

Racial profiling;

Segregation

Reading ability

American Indians, I: 149

cross-group test score comparisons,

I: 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360–362, 366, 368, 369, 372

II: 74, 313

Reagan, Ronald

I: 323, 326, 427

II: 76–77, 327

Refugee Act, I: 175

Refugees and asylees, I: 17, 51, 52, 175, 188, 203–204, 207, 211–213

Regional factors

American Indians, I: 22–23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 136(n.2), 141

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57–58, 60, 93, 178, 215–220

Blacks, health status, II: 260

Blacks in urban areas,

I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402–403

II: 104

demographics, general, I: 23–24, 46, 49–51, 56–62, 93

economic factors in internal migration, I: 46, 58, 59, 60

Hispanics, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 93, 105, 107, 214–217, 218–220

immigrants, general, I: 49, 51, 57, 61, 175–176, 203, 205–206, 230–233

political issues, I: 454

projections, I: 51, 57

residential segregation, I: 391–392, 393–394, 399, 400, 402–403

urban areas, Blacks,

I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402–403

II: 104

urban planning, I: 435–436, 453–455, 458–461

urban/suburban, spatial mismatch hypothesis,

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Whites, I: 39, 49, 61

see also Migration within U.S.;

State-level factors;

specific U.S. regions and states

Religion, I: 267

American Indians, I: 147–148, 154, 155–165

Brazil, South Africa, and U.S., racism, I: 305–306, 312

Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health, II: 397

Research methodology, I: 2–12

acculturation, II: 287

adolescent mental health, II: 322, 341–342

American Indian remains, use in research, I: 154, 155–161

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 177–179

II: 367

cultural/linguistic factors, I: 178

employment, neoclassical economic theory, I: 136–138

health insurance coverage, II: 283

health status and health care,

I: 17–18

II: 255–258, 267–270, 283, 293–294, 322, 341–342, 366–369, 382, 383–389, 397–399, 412

Hispanics, II: 367

minority-owned businesses, II: 200–203

mortality,

I: 80, 81, 85

II: 382, 383–389

occupational dissimilarity index, II: 127(n.4)

race and ethnicity defined, I: 2–4, 243–260

see also Classification issues

racial attitudes,

I: 265–269

II: 388–389

urban/suburban dynamics, I: 453–461

veterans health care, II: 412

wage data from CPS, II: 84, 85

wealth, II: 227–228

welfare, effects of, II: 171–172, 342–344

see also Aggregation and disaggregation techniques;

Classification issues;

Statistical techniques

Reservations, American Indians,

I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 77, 138–139, 140, 142, 143–144, 150–151

II: 44, 263

Riots

I: 272–273, 282, 322–323, 368, 445

II: 1

Risk factors, health-related, II: 271–278, 289–291, 294, 385, 422

American Indians/Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 272–276 (passim)

assimilation and, II: 287–288, 292, 398, 399

Blacks,

I: 33

II: 272–278 (passim), 287–291, 395–396, 397

employment, health risk factors, II: 278, 289–291

gender, II: 272

Hispanics, II: 272–276 (passim), 287, 289–290, 314, 315, 316, 317, 339

interventions, II: 295

smoking,

I: 33

II: 272, 289, 328–331 (passim), 333, 397, 399

socioeconomic status, II: 268–271, 269–271, 277, 291, 292

stress due to racism, II: 5–6, 33, 35–36, 277–278

Whites, II: 272–277, 287–290, 314

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Environmental toxins

Risk factors, welfare-related, II: 152, 153, 162–172

Rockefeller Foundation, I: 422

Rural areas, I: 2, 52

American Indian, including reservation inhabitants,

I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 71, 77, 138–139, 140, 142, 143–144, 150–151

II: 44, 263

see also Indian Health Service

developing countries, I: 208

Hispanics, I: 59–60, 213–214

welfare, II: 162–163, 165

Whites, II: 45, 165

see also Agricultural sector

Russell Sage Foundation, I: 422

Rutgers University, I: 436

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

S

Salaries, see also Wages and salaries

Sandefur, Gary D.

I: 15–16, 40–102, 482–483

II: 444–445

Scapegoating, I: 302–316

Schizophrenia, II: 381, 382

Scholastic Aptitude Test

I: 385–387

II: 73, 74

Segregation, I: 9, 11, 12, 17, 37–38, 39, 245, 251

American Indians, educational, I: 149–152

American Indians, relocation, I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 141, 150, 151–152

see also Reservations, American Indians

Asian Americans, residential,

I: 14, 37–38, 39, 44, 401, 407–409, 411, 414–415, 425

II: 44

attitudes toward, I: 411–412

Blacks,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 269–272, 273, 278, 279

II: 108–109

educational,

I: 269–271

II: 198, 204

employment impacts, II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 139, 144

health care, II: 281

Jim Crow laws,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 292, 293, 294, 304, 305, 306, 308–310, 314, 395, 402

II: 281

residential,

I: 6, 37–38, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 283–284, 294–295, 392–403, 405–406, 409–428, 436

II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 227, 240, 241, 243, 331–332, 391–392, 400–401

Brazil, I: 13, 304–307, 310–316

census data, segregation indices, I: 110, 419–420

children, impacts on, I: 423

see also “educational” infra

conference agenda,

I: 474

II: 436

economic factors, general, I: 391–392, 409–410, 411, 415–424, 427, 428

educational,

I: 149–152, 269–271, 273, 284, 295, 320–321, 364, 445

II: 198, 204, 391

employment impacts for Blacks, II: 108–109, 110, 112, 113, 116–117, 139, 144

see also Spatial mismatch hypothesis

Hispanics, residential, I: 37–38, 104, 107, 110, 125, 401, 403–407, 411, 414–415, 420, 425

housing discrimination/neighborhood segregation,

I: 6–7, 8, 12, 17, 37–38, 39, 125, 221, 226, 235, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 279, 283–284, 294–295, 391–434, 445

II: 44, 110, 113, 116–117, 240–243, 391–392

immigrants, residential, I: 220–221, 391–392, 403, 407–409, 414, 425

income and, I: 411, 421–424

litigation,

I: 320–321, 395

II: 104

minority-owned businesses, I: 190

mortality, II: 392

poverty and, I: 421–424, 425–426

socioeconomic status and, general,

I: 391–392, 409–410, 411, 421–424, 425

II: 400

South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

spatial mismatch hypothesis,

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

Whites,

I: 37–38, 39, 220–221, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 283–284, 392–406, 409–419, 425

II: 392

Sentencing and incarceration

I: 6, 18, 35, 427

II: 2, 11–18, 22, 23–24, 26–28, 29–30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40–48, 327

see Capital punishment

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
×

Shapiro, Thomas M.

I: 15, 483

II: 222–251, 445

Single parents

I: 17, 24, 25, 62, 76–80, 93

II: 352, 354, 355, 397–398

income, I: 31

welfare, II: 162, 163, 164, 166, 170

Slavery

I: 305, 308

II: 175, 238, 255, 287

Small Business Administration, II: 204

Small businesses

I: 15

II: 190, 191, 196–197, 198–199, 201, 205, 239

health insurance coverage, II: 280

Smelser, Neil J.

I: 1–20, 472, 483

II: 434, 445

Smith, James P.

I: 14, 483

II: 52–97, 445

Smithsonian Institution, I: 156–157, 159, 160, 161, 162

Smoking

I: 33

II: 272, 289, 328–331 (passim), 333, 397, 399

see also Marijuana

Socioeconomic status

I: 9, 11, 21, 30–32, 38

II: 54–59

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 91, 174, 177, 233

II: 385

birth weight, II: 318

health status and care, general, II: 268–271, 277, 291, 292, 294–295, 311, 383, 388, 389, 391, 397, 398, 399, 400, 411–412, 413, 416–417

Hispanics, I: 16, 23, 38, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106–107, 109

homicide rates, II: 324

immigrants, general, I: 206, 208–209, 224–228, 232–238

infant mortality, I: 85

iron deficiencies, II: 314

mortality,

I: 85

II: 254

race, concept of, I: 256

racism, general, I: 302

residential segregation and,

I: 391–392, 409–410, 411, 421–424, 425

II: 400

single-person households, I: 25, 31

veterans, I: 411–412

see also Educational attainment/achievement;

Employment;

Housing;

Income;

Poverty;

Wealth

South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

South Carolina, II: 28

Southern U.S.

criminal justice system, II: 28

demographics, various groups,

I: 23–24, 50, 51, 56–57, 59, 60, 61, 206, 396

II: 45, 52, 104, 400

health indices, II: 260

residential segregation, I: 399, 400, 402– 403

Spatial mismatch hypothesis

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

Special Agricultural Workers, I: 200–201

State Child Health Insurance Program, II: 365

State-level factors

I: 51–52, 62

II: 352

affirmative action,

I: 319, 325–326, 329–330, 331, 333

II: 206

American Indians,

I: 139, 140, 145, 150, 159–160, 251

II: 384

Asian/Pacific Islander, elections, I: 171–172, 173, 183

Black/White residential segregation, I: 393–398 (passim)

criminal justice system, II: 7–9, 15, 28

employment discrimination laws, II: 139

gun control, II: 328, 338–339

Hispanics, I: 51, 107, 109, 129, 175, 203, 251

jury selection, II: 7–9

mortality data, II: 254

race, defined, I: 254

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tax policies, I: 446

teacher certification, I: 348, 364

urban renewal, I: 446

wealth accumulation, II: 238

welfare, II: 162, 342

see also Regional factors;

specific states

The State of the Nation’s Cities, I: 436

Statistical techniques, I: 94

employment participation, neoclassical economic theory, I: 136–138

fertility, I: 62–63

Hispanics, I: 121–122

infant mortality, I: 85

mortality, I: 80, 81, 85

race and ethnicity defined, I: 4

welfare participation and risk factors, II: 171–172

see also Aggregation and disaggregation techniques;

Classification issues

Stroke, see Cerebrovascular disorders

Suburban areas, I: 17

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 190, 191, 456

Blacks,

I: 52, 289, 416, 438, 456

II: 107, 192–193, 391–392

employment discrimination, II: 107, 114, 391–392

environmental concerns, I: 451–452

Hispanics, I: 438, 456

immigrants, I: 234–235, 238

income, I: 437–440

minority-owned businesses, II: 192–193

population growth, I: 437, 438, 445

poverty, I: 437, 439, 459–460

spatial mismatch hypothesis,

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

Suicide

I: 17–18, 34

II: 34, 379–380, 381

adolescents, II: 311, 322, 335–339, 341

Supplemental Security Income, II: 154–158 (passim)

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act, II: 214

Surface Transportation Assistance Act, II: 214

Survey of Income and Education, II: 142

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), II: 138, 226, 229, 230–231

Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises, II: 200–203, 207

Survey of Urban Inequality, I: 442, 455

Swain, Carol M.

I: 12, 318–347, 483

II: 445

T

Taxation

I: 11, 445, 446, 450

II: 115, 154, 200–201, 227, 238–239, 371

Teachers

accountability of, I: 364

attitudes of, I: 13, 378–380

attitudes of students toward, I: 381, 382–384

certification testing, I: 348, 364

pupil-to-teacher ratios/class size, I: 351

Technological factors

see also Computers and computer science

Teenage pregnancy

I: 62, 65, 66–67, 68, 76–77, 93, 423

II: 147, 340, 359, 361, 362, 365–366, 399

Teenagers, see Adolescents

Television, I: 369, 370

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, II: 153, 154, 161, 342

see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children

Tennessee, II: 28

Tennessee Star Experiment, I: 351

Tests and testing

I: 12–13, 348–390

II: 313

affirmative action and, I: 327–329, 333, 334, 335, 337–342

American Indians, I: 348

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 348

Blacks,

I: 13, 323, 334, 335, 337–342, 348–367, 369, 370, 372, 383–384, 385–387

II: 73, 74, 105–106, 141, 313

cultural factors, I: 12

health status and, II: 311

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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Hispanics,

I: 13, 348–356, 358, 360, 365, 366, 367, 370, 383–387

II: 73–74, 141, 313

lead poisoning and test scores, II: 316

mathematics, I: 25, 349–350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), I: 25–26, 348–372, 380, 383–384

reading, I: 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360–362, 368, 369

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), I: 385–387

teacher certification, I: 348, 364

Whites,

I: 25–26, 348–367, 383–387

II: 73, 74, 141, 313

see also National Assessment of Educational Progress;

Scholastic Aptitude Test

Texas

American Indians, I: 140

Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 183

Hispanics, I: 51, 107, 109

immigrants, I: 206

minority population growth, II: 402

Thomas, W.I., I: 3

Thornton, Russell

I: 16, 135–169, 483–484

II: 445–446

Tobacco use, see Smoking

Toxic materials, see Environmental toxins

Trade unions, I: 9

Transportation

to health care services, II: 278

urban, I: 456, 459–461

to work,

I: 2, 456, 458, 459–460

II: 109, 113, 116

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, I: 459

U

Undocumented immigration, see Illegal immigration

Unions, labor, see Trade unions

Unmarked Human Burial Sites and Skeletal Remains Protection Act (Nebraska), I: 160

Urban areas, I: 51–56, 58–62, 93, 435–436

American Indians,

I: 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 71, 141–142, 150, 151–152

II: 262–263

Asians and Pacific Islanders,

I: 53, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 93, 183–184, 187, 214, 216–217, 219, 220, 228–229, 233, 250, 441, 456

II: 44–45

Blacks,

I: 52–59 (passim), 129, 218, 219, 220, 221–222, 233, 253, 376–378, 399, 400, 402–403, 456

II: 1, 4, 22, 36, 39, 40, 104, 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 165, 191–193, 198–199, 208–213, 284, 326–327, 343, 391–392

Blacks, regional demographics,

I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402–403

II: 104

businesses owned by minorities, II: 191–193, 202, 205–207, 208–213, 214–217

crime and criminal justice system,

I: 18

II: 1, 4, 22, 36, 39, 40, 44–45, 331–332, 333

developing countries, I: 208

drug abuse, II: 4, 331–332, 333

employment, segregation and,

I: 17, 422, 423–424, 425

II: 391

see “spatial mismatch hypothesis” infra

government policies, I: 11

health factors, II: 262–263, 276, 277, 284, 293

see also “toxins” infra

Hispanics,

I: 52–54, 55, 57, 59–60, 62, 93, 104, 107, 110, 125, 129, 214–217, 218–220, 228–229, 233, 250, 253, 372, 441–442, 456

II: 45, 81–83, 113, 165, 343

immigrants, general, I: 17, 52, 57–58, 59, 61–62, 205–206, 214–222, 228–235, 246, 391–392, 403, 407–409, 414, 425

income, suburban vs urban, I: 437–440

lead poisoning, II: 316

political factors, I: 17, 435, 449–450, 451–452

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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regional factors,

I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402–403

II: 104

planning, I: 435–436, 453–455, 458–461

see “spatial mismatch hypothesis” infra

research methodology, urban/suburban dynamics, I: 453–461

residential segregation,

I: 6–7, 8, 12, 17, 37–38, 39, 125, 221, 226, 235, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 278, 279, 283–284, 294–295, 391–434, 445

II: 44, 110, 113, 116–117, 240–243, 391–392

see also “spatial mismatch hypothesis” infra

riots,

I: 272–273, 282, 322–323, 368, 445

II: 1

spatial mismatch hypothesis,

I: 17, 435–443 (passim), 454–456, 458, 459–460

II: 108–109, 112, 113, 116, 144–145, 147

toxins, I: 435, 436, 443–444, 446–448, 450–452, 458, 461

transportation, I: 456, 459–461

welfare, II: 162–163, 165, 167

Whites,

I: 53, 61–62, 218, 219, 220, 250, 251, 456

II: 165

see also “neighborhood segregation” under Whites

see also Suburban areas

Utah, II: 28

V

Vaccinations, see Immunizations

Veterans

American Indians, II: 422

G.I.Bill, I: 10

health status and care,

I: 18

II: 393–394, 411–424

housing, II: 241

Veterans Administration, see Department of Veterans Affairs

Veterans Health Administration

I: 18

II: 393–394, 411–429

Vietnamese, I: 94

classification of, I: 41, 177–178

fertility, I: 66

health status, II: 267

immigrants, I: 56, 175, 176, 205, 209, 212, 216–217

political participation, I: 183

regional demographics, I: 56, 57

single parents, I: 77

wages, I: 101, 102

Violence, II: 343, 366, 367, 390

adolescents, II: 311, 322, 323–328

child abuse, II: 343

Civil Rights Movement and, I: 320

employment discrimination due to fear of, II: 107–108

firearms, II: 246, 328, 335, 338–339, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378

race riots,

I: 272–273, 282, 322–323, 368, 445

II: 1

racism and intra-White warfare, I: 307–308, 309, 313

White hate crimes against Blacks, I: 412, 427

White racial stereotypes,

I: 276, 277, 278–280, 305

II: 246, 390

see also Accidents and injuries;

Crime and criminal justice;

Homicide

Voluntary Affirmative Marketing Agreement, I: 427

Voting, see Electoral issues

Voting Rights Act, I: 118

W

Wages and salaries

I: 6, 10, 14, 25, 28–30, 236, 348, 442, 444

II: 52–54, 59–69, 78–89, 94–95, 98–100, 136–137, 143, 223

Asians/Pacific Islanders,

I: 14

II: 102–104, 126, 129, 141–143

Blacks,

I: 14, 29, 30, 38, 222, 306

II: 52–53, 60–69, 70, 76, 78–79, 81, 94, 95, 98–100, 104–110, 115, 138–141, 143, 164, 326

Hispanics,

I: 14, 29, 30

II: 53, 54, 60–69, 70, 73, 78, 81–89, 94–95, 101–104, 126, 129, 141–143, 164

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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military personnel, II: 184

Whites,

I: 29, 30

II: 54, 60–73, 80, 81, 82, 95, 99–100, 101–102, 103, 124–125, 129, 138–143, 164, 223

Washington State

American Indians, I: 140

Wealth

I: 1, 11, 15, 34–35

II: 89–96, 222–251

age factors, II: 234–237

classification of racial groups, I: 5

conference agenda,

I: 473

II: 435

defined, II: 222

Europe vs U.S., II: 224, 399

home ownership, II: 226, 238–239, 240–243

income vs, II: 222, 225, 229–235

intergenerational transfer, II: 243–245, 246, 249

research methodology, II: 227–228

see also Income;

Poverty;

Socioeconomic status

Weber, Max

I: 3–4

II: 224

Weinberger, Morris

I: 484

II: 411–429, 446

Welfare

I: 10, 15

II: 152–173, 342–344, 390

age factors, II: 165, 167

American Indians,

I: 15, 147

II: 156–157, 164–165, 166, 171

Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 156–157, 164–165, 166, 390

Blacks,

I: 15, 278

II: 156–171 (passim), 390

children, II: 163–166, 342–344

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), II: 153–158, 160, 161–162, 163, 168, 169

Supplemental Security Income, II: 156

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), II: 153, 154, 161, 342

Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315

conference agenda,

I: 473

II: 435

disabled persons, II: 154, 156

educational attainment of recipients, II: 74, 313

eligibility requirements, II: 154–155, 342–343

employment and, II: 144, 153, 162–163, 165, 166, 342

family and household factors,

I: 15

II: 152–153, 164, 166, 167, 172

Food stamps. II: 154–158 (passim), 160, 161, 163, 342

funding, II: 342

gender factors, II: 158–160, 163

Hispanics,

I: 15, 278

II: 156–171 (passim), 390

marital status of recipients, II: 162, 163, 164, 166

Medicaid, II: 154, 155–156, 160, 161

noncash benefits, II: 154–158, 160–161, 163, 281, 342

research methodology, II: 171–172, 342–344

risk factors, II: 152, 153, 162–172

rural areas, II: 162–163, 165

single parents, II: 162, 163, 164, 166, 170

Supplemental Security Income, II: 154–158 (passim)

urban areas, II: 162–163, 165, 167

Whites, II: 156–166 (passim), 390

see also Medicaid

Welfare Reform Act, II: 342

Western U.S.

demographics, various groups, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57, 58, 59, 61, 206

Hispanics, I: 23–24, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 105, 107

see also Midwestern U.S.

Whites

adolescents, II: 323–331, 335–337, 363

affirmative action, attitudes toward,

I: 271, 272–273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329–330, 331–337

affirmative action, other,

I: 324, 326, 327–329

II: 75

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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age factors,

I: 45, 46, 48, 62, 66–67, 68

II: 9, 42, 46–47, 165, 378

alcohol and drug abuse, II: 39–40, 46–47, 328–332, 381, 382

Alzheimer’s disease, II: 288–289

attitudes of students, I: 380–384

birth weight, II: 319

Brazil, racial discrimination, I: 304–307, 310–316

classification of,

I: 4–5, 267

II: 387

crime and criminal justice system, Black/White issues,

I: 18–19, 34–36, 41–42

II: 1–15, 16–18, 21–22, 25, 26, 28, 33–34, 35, 38–47 (passim), 323–332

cultural factors,

I: 18, 220–221, 251–254

II: 44, 387

diabetes, II: 288, 394

digital divide, I: 25

disabilities, II: 267

drug use and trafficking, II: 39–40, 46–47, 328–332

education, affirmative action, I: 327–329, 337–342

educational attainment,

I: 25–26, 27, 116, 180, 369, 371, 379

II: 56–59, 63, 69–73, 127, 136–143 (passim), 145, 165, 319

see also “test scores” infra

education, other, II: 246

electoral factors, I: 186, 187, 220

employment,

I: 28, 100–102, 112

II: 134, 165, 391

employment, gender factors,

I: 27–30

II: 54, 55, 61, 63, 65–67, 68–69, 75–76, 80, 81, 82, 100–101, 103, 124–125, 130- 147 (passim)

ethnics,

I: 18

II: 44, 387, 390

fertility, I: 63–70 (passim), 77, 93

gender factors,

I: 37–30, 81, 180, 256

II: 42, 54, 55, 159, 191–192, 323–327, 336, 337, 361, 363, 378, 382–382, 384–385

health care, II: 392–395, 412, 414–421

health insurance, II: 280–283, 392–393, 413

health risk factors, II: 272–277, 287–290, 314

health status, general, II: 259–260, 270, 271, 288, 381, 388

homicide,

I: 34, 35

II: 323–326, 361, 363, 378, 379

hospitalization, Blacks vs Whites, II: 284–285, 393–394, 413, 415–421

household structure,

I: 25

II: 164

housing conditions, I: 36–37

hypertension, II: 288

immigrants, I: 186, 219

see also Europeans

immunizations, II: 358, 360

income,

I: 30–31, 32, 111, 114

II: 54–55, 164, 229–234

infant mortality,

I: 32–33, 85, 88–89, 90

II: 264, 356–357

infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320–321

infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315

infants, lead poisoning, II: 316

life expectancy,

I: 81, 86–87

II: 259

marriage,

I: 72, 74–78 (passim), 93, 259

II: 133, 164, 293, 401

mathematics achievement, I: 25, 349–350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367

Medicare, II: 281, 392, 413, 416

mental illness, II: 381–382

military personnel, II: 183, 184, 186

mortality,

I: 81, 82–83, 85, 86–89, 90, 91–92, 417–418

II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 264, 266, 277, 290, 291, 361, 363, 371–380, 382–383, 384–385, 387, 394, 397

neighborhood segregation,

I: 37–38, 39, 220–221, 266, 270, 271–272, 273, 283–284, 392–406, 409–419, 425

II: 392

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9719.
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political factors, I: 186, 187, 220

population growth and size,

I: 16, 44, 250, 437, 438

II: 42–43

poverty, II: 45–46, 54, 55–56, 67, 68–69, 359

prenatal care, II: 279

racism and discrimination,

Brazil/South Africa compared to U.S., I: 13, 302–316

reverse discrimination, I: 324, 326, 327–329

U.S.,

I: 6, 9, 13, 244–245, 264–267, 269–295, 322, 324, 326, 327–329, 337, 413, 418–421, 425

II: 106–107, 186, 246–247, 389, 390, 391, 400, 420–421

see also “affirmative action” and “crime…” supra

reading achievement, I: 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360–362, 366, 368, 369, 370

regional demographics, I: 39, 49, 61

rural areas, II: 45, 165

smoking, I: 33

socioeconomic status, general,

I: 220–221

II: 52–59, 254, 270, 271, 388

South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303–304, 306–308, 309–310

suburban areas,

I: 220–221, 251, 438, 445, 456

II: 246

see also “neighborhood segregation” supra

suicide, II: 335–337, 379–380, 381

teachers attitudes toward, I: 13

teenage pregnancy,

I: 66–67, 68, 77, 93

II: 361

television, I: 369, 370

test scores,

I: 25–26, 348–367, 383–387

II: 73, 74, 141, 313

urban areas,

I: 53, 61–62, 218, 219, 220, 250, 251, 456

II: 165

see also “neighborhood segregation” supra

veterans, health care,

I: 18

II: 393–394, 412, 414–421

wages,

I: 29, 30

II: 54, 60–73, 80, 81, 82, 95, 99–100, 101–102, 103, 124–125, 129, 138–143, 164, 223

wealth, II: 89–94, 95–96, 225–234, 236–247

welfare, II: 156–166 (passim), 390

Williams, David R.

I: 17–18, 484

II: 371–410, 446

Wilson, William Julius

I: 1–20, 472

II: 434

Women, see Gender factors

Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315

World Wide Web, see Internet

Y

Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance System, II: 362

Z

Zhou, Min

I: 16–17, 200–242, 484

II: 446

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America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II Get This Book
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The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today?

In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including:

  • Race and ethnicity in criminal justice.
  • Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans.
  • Trends in minority-owned businesses.
  • Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification.
  • Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood."
  • Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities.
  • Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults.
  • Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military.
  • Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity.
  • The changing meaning of race.
  • Changing racial attitudes.

This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers.

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