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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Committee on Human Rights
Science and
Human Rights
Carol Corillon, Editor
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1988
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NOTICE: This volume has been reviewed by a group other than the
participants.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-
perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific
and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and
technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the author-
ity of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy
has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on
scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The Committee on Human Rights is a committee of the National
Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964,
under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel
organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its admin-
istration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal
government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors
engineering prograrrls aimed at meeting national needs, encourages
education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of
engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy
of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National
Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of ap-
propriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining
to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibil-
ity given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional
charter to be an adviser to the federal government and upon its own
initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education.
Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The production and publication of this report was made possi-
ble by a grant from the Richard Lounsbery Foundation and funds
provided by the National Academy of Sciences.
Available from:
Committee on Human Rights
National Academy of Sciences
2 101 Constitution Avenue N. W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
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Committee on Human Righis
198~87
ELIOT STELLAR (Chair), Institute of Neurological Sciences,
University of Pennsylvania
GERARD DEBREU, Department of Economics, University of
California, Berkeley
DANIEL C. DRUCKER, Engineering Sciences Department,
University of Florida
GERTRUDE S. GOLDHABER, Department of Physics,
Brookhaven National I,aboratory, Upton, New York
M. ALFRED HAYNES, Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical
School, Los Angeles
MARY ELLEN ~JONES, Department of Biochemistry, School of
Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
ROBERT S. LAWRENCE, Division of Primary Care, Harvard
Medical School
FRANCIS LOW, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
DANIEL NATHANS, Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Johns Hopkins University
DONALD S. ORNSTEIN, Department of Mathematics, Stanford
University
PETER H. RAVEN, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
WILLIAM SLIGHTER, AT&T Bell Laboratories (retired), Murray
Hill, New Jersey
GILBERT F. WHITE, Institute of Behavorial Science, University of
Colorado
ADAM YARMOLINSKY, Provost, University of Maryland
Baltimore County
CAROL CORILLON, Director
· - ~
111
1,
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