Energy Conversion
ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS
From one: |
To: |
EJ |
Btce |
Btoe |
Tcm NG |
Quad |
Exajoule |
EJ |
1.000 |
0.033 |
0.022 |
0.025 |
0.948 |
Billion metric tons coal equivalent [2] |
Btce |
30.300 |
1.000 |
0.675 |
0.761 |
28.720 |
Billion metric tons oil equivalent [3] |
Btoe |
44.900 |
1.482 |
1.000 |
1.128 |
42.559 |
Trillion cubic meters natural gas [4] |
Tcm NG |
39.800 |
1.314 |
0.886 |
1.000 |
37.725 |
Quadrillion Btu |
Quad |
1.055 |
0.035 |
0.023 |
0.027 |
1.000 |
[1] These factors are as per footnote 1 on p. 2, and follow the U.S. convention of high-heat values. [2] Chinese conversion factors for coal and other fuels are low-heat values. Chinese average raw coal contains 20.93 GJ/metric ton (low heat), or 22.51 GJ/t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for coal are 93% of high-heat values. China typically converts all its energy statistics into “metric tons of standard coal equivalent” (tce), a unit that bears little relation to the heating value of coals actually in use in China. One tce equal 29.31 GJ (low heat) equivalent to 31.52 GJ/tce (high heat). [3] China uses a conversion factor for its oil of 41.87 GJ/metric ton (low heat), equivalent to 44.07 GJ/ t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for oil are 95% of high-heat values. [4] China uses a conversion factor for its natural gas of 38.98 GJ/thousand cubic meters (low heat), equivalent to 43.31 GJ/tcm (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for natural gas are 90% of high-heat values. |
Chinese factors: |
|
low heat |
conversion |
high heat |
average raw coal |
GJ/t |
20.93 |
0.93 |
22.51 |
standard coal equivalent |
GJ/tce |
29.31 |
0.93 |
31.52 |
oil |
GJ/t |
41.87 |
0.95 |
44.07 |
natural gas |
GJ/tcm |
38.98 |
0.90 |
43.31 |
Both tables courtesy of J.E. Sinton, Energy Analysis Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. |
Multiplier Prefixes for use with International System of Units (SI) Prefixes
kilo = thousand = 103
mega = million = 106
giga = billion = 109
tera = trillion = 1012
peta = quadrillion = 1015
exa = quantrillion = 1018
Adapted from EIA, Annual Review of Energy 1997
Abbreviations
Quad = quadrillion (1015) British thermal units (Btu)
mtce = million ton of coal equivalent
mtoe = million ton of oil equivalent
boe = barrel of oil equivalent
One barrel of oil = 0.136 tons of oil
One short ton (2000 lbs.) = 0.907 metric tons
One cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic meters