been shown to have little impact on the targeted behavior and even counter productive impacts among some populations. Until aspects of programs are systematically varied and well evaluated, these questions will remain.

Recommendation: All publicly supported intervention programs should be evaluated for both safety and efficacy using scientifically credible methods for doing so. Adequate funding for such evaluations should be included in the public support of intervention programs. Funding for programs whose effectiveness is shown to be limited should be discontinued.

Placing one or two antisocial juveniles in a group of primarily prosocial young people can decrease their antisocial behavior and increase their prosocial behavior without negatively influencing the prosocial youngsters. Some well-designed evaluations of treatments for at-risk juveniles found, however, that placing such youngsters in groups, even under careful adult supervision, had the undesired outcome of increasing their antisocial behavior.

Recommendation: Federal and state funds should be used to develop treatments for misbehaving youngsters that do not aggregate aggressive or antisocial youth.