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Notes

1. Other types of health organizations that are not directly involved in the provision of health care—such as educational institutions, insurers, and public health agencies—will face similar challenges, but they are not addressed specifically in the chapter.

2. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1999), for example, estimates that between 2000 and 2005, 60 percent of retail stock trading but only 20 percent of book sales and 7 percent of music sales will migrate to the Internet.

3. Similarly, online travel service companies, such as Travelocity and Expedia, have adapted airline reservation systems in ways that allow consumers to make purchases directly from airlines, eliminating the travel agency as an intermediary.

4. Security, scalability, human resources, and cost are common areas of uncertainty with new information systems.

5. The American Medical Informatics Association has developed a set of guidelines to help providers determine how to use e-mail for patient care (Kane and Sands, 1998).break