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92 MARINE MAMMALS AND LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND Calambokidis, J. 1999. Aerial surveys conducted off Pioneer Seamount for the ATOC Marine Mammal Research Program. Unpublished report to MMRP Advisory Board. Clark, C.W. 1995. Application of U.S. Navy underwater hydrophore arrays for scientific research on whales. Reports of the International Whaling Commission 45:210-212. Clark, C.W., and J.M. Clark. 1980. Sound playback experiments with southern right whales. Sci- ence 207:663-665. Corwin, J.T., and J.C. Oberholtzer. 1997. Fish 'n chicks: Model recipes for hair-cell regeneration? Neuron 19:951-954. Costa, D.P., D.E. Crocker, J. Gedamke, P.M. Webb, D. Houser, and S. Blackwell. 1999. Effects of the ATOC sound source on the diving behavior of northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Unpublished paper, University of California, Santa Cruz. Costa, D.P., and T.M. Williams. 1999. Marine mammal energetics. Pp. 176-217 in Biology of Marine Mammals, J.E. Reynolds III and John R. Twiss, Jr. (eds.), Smithsonian Press, Washing- ton, DC. Crane, N.L., and K. Lashkari. 1996. Sound production of gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, along their migration route: A new approach to signal analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100:1878-1886. Crum, L.A., and Y. Mao. 1996. Acoustically enhanced bubble growth at low frequencies and its implications for human diver and marine mammal safety. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99:2898-2907. Dahlheim, M.E., and D.K. Ljungblad. 1990. Preliminary hearing study on gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in the field. Pp. 335-346 in Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Laboratory and Field Evidence, J.A. Thomas and R.A. Kastelein (eds.). Plenum Press, New York. D'Amico, A. 1998. Summary Record, SACLANTCEN Bioacoustics Panel, La Spezia, Italy, June 15-17, 1998 (available at http://www.saclantc.nato.int/whales/). Decory, L., A.L. Dancer, and J-M Aran. 1992. Species differences and mechanisms of damage. Pp. 73-88 in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, A.L. Dancer, D. Henderson, R.J. Salvi, and R.P. Hamernik (eds.). Mosby, St. Louis, MO. Demski, L., G.W. Gerald, and A.N. Popper. 1973. Central and peripheral mechanisms in teleost sound production. American Zoologist 13: 1141 - 1167. Department of Commerce (DOC). 1995. Small takes of marine mammals; harassment takings incidental to specified activities. Federal Register 60(104):28379-28386. Department of Commerce (DOC). 1996. Small takes of marine mammals; harassment takings incidental to specified activities in arctic waters; regulation consolidation; update of Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval numbers. Federal Register 61 (70):15884-15891. Dolphin, W.F. 1995. The envelope following response in three species of cetaceans. Pp. 147-172 in Sensory Systems of Aquatic Mammals, R.A. Kastelein, J.A. Thomas, and P.E. Nachtigall (eds.). De Spil Publishers, Woerden, The Netherlands. Dolphin, W.F. 1996. Auditory evoked responses to amplitude modulated stimuli consisting of multiple envelope components. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 179:113-121. Dolphin, W.F. 1997. Electrophysiological measures of auditory processing in odontocetes. Bio- acoustics 8:79-101. Dolphin, W.F., W.W.L. Au, P.E. Nachtigall, and J. Pawloski. 1995. Modulation rate transfer functions to low-frequency carriers in three species of cetaceans. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 177:235-245. Edds, P.L. 1982. Vocalizations of the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, in the St. Lawrence River. Journal of Mammalogy 63 :345-347. Edds, P.L. 1988. Characteristics of finbackBalaenoptera physalus vocalizations in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Bioacoustics 1(2/3): 131-149. Edds-Walton, P.L. 1997. Acoustic communication signals of mysticete whales. Bioacoustics 8(1&2):47-60.

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94 MARINE MAMMALS AND LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND Klimley, A.P., and S.C. Beavers. 1998. Playback of acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC)- like signal to bony fishes to evaluate phonotaxis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104:2506-2510. Knudsen, V.O., R.S. Alford, and J.W. Emling. 1948. Underwater ambient noise. Journal of Marine Research 7(3):410-429. Kryter, K.D. 1985. The Effects of Noise on Man. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Lagardere, J.P. 1982. Effects of noise on growth and reproduction of Crangon crangon in rearing tanks. Marine Biology 71: 177- 186. Lapedes, D.N. (Editor-in-chief). 1974. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. McGraw-Hill, New York. Lesage, V., C. Barrette, M.C.S. Kingsley, and B. Sj are. 1999. The effect of vessel noise on the vocal behavior of belugas in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Marine Mammal Science 15(1):65- 84. Lettvin, J.Y., E.R. Grumberg, R.M. Rose, and G. Plotkin. 1982. Dolphins and the bends. Science 216:650-651. Levendag, P.C., W. Kuijpers, J.J. Eggermont, P. van den Brock, H. Huibers, and P.L. Huygen. 1981. The inner ear and hyperbaric conditions: An electrophysiological and morphological study. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Supplement 382:1-110. Liberman, M.C., and L.W. Dodds. 1987. Acute ultrastructural changes in acoustic trauma: Serial- section reconstruction of stereocilia and cuticular plates. Hearing Research 26:45-64. Ljungblad, D.K., K.M. Stafford, H. Shimada, and K. Matsuoka. 1997. Sounds attributed to blue whales recorded off the southwest coast of Australia in December 1995. Reports of the Inter- national Whaling Commission 47:435-439. Lombarte, A., H.Y. Yan, A.N. Popper, J.C. Chang, and C. Platt. 1993. Damage and regeneration of hair cell ciliary bundles in a fish ear following treatment with gentamicin. Hearing Research 66: 166- 174. Lonsbury-Martin, B.L., G.K. Martin, and B.A. Bohne. 1987. Repeated TTS exposures in monkeys: Alterations in hearing, cochlear structure, and single-unit thresholds. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81: 1507- 1518. Lorenz, K. 1981. The Foundations of Ethology. Springer-Verlag, NY. Luz, G.A., and D.M. Lipscomb. 1973. Susceptibility to damage from impulse noise: Chinchilla versus man or monkey. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 54: 1750-1754. Malme, C.I., P.R. Miles, C.W. Clark, P. Tyack, and J.E. Bird. 1983. Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behav- ior. Bolt Beranek and Newman Report No. 5366 submitted to the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. NTIS PB86-218377. Malme, C.I., P.R. Miles, C.W. Clark, P. Tyack, and J.E. Bird. 1984. Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behav- ior. Phase II. January 1984 migration. Bolt Beranek and Newman Report No. 5586 submitted to the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. NTIS PB86-218377. Malme, C.I., P.R. Miles, G.S. Miller, W.J. Richardson, and D.G. Roseneau. 1989. Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of Petroleum Industry Activities and Other Sources of Noise in the Environment of Marine Mammals in Alaska. Mineral Management Service, Anchorage. Mate, B.R, K.M. Stafford, and D.K. Ljungblad. 1994. A change in sperm whale (Physeter macro- cephalus) distribution correlated to seismic surveys in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96(5:Part 2):3268-3269. Mattlin, R.H. 1995. Effect of Low-Frequency Sound on Seasonal Foraging Ecology and Diving Behavior of the New Zealand Fur Seal. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

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98 MARINE MAMMALS AND LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND Watkins, W.A., M.A. Daher, K.M. Fristrup, T.J. Howald, and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara. 1993. Sperm whales tagged with transponders and tracked underwater by sonar. Marine Mammal Science 9(1):55-67. Watkins, W.A., M.A. Daher, G.M. Reppucci, J.E. George, D.L. Martin, N.A. DiMarzio, and D.P. Gannon. 2000. Seasonality and distribution of whale calls in the North Pacific. Oceanography 13:62-67. Yost, W.A., and M.C. Killion. 1997. Hearing thresholds. Pp. 1545-1554 in Encyclopedia of Acoustics, M.J. Crocker (ed.). Wiley, New York.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

marine mammal