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PAPERBACK price:$19.95 add to cart HARDBACK price:$49.95 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles (NAS Colloquium) Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: Towards a New Synthesis: 50 Years after Stebbins Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr's 100th Anniversary Other Related Titles Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: Toward a New Synthesis 50 Years after Stebbins (2000) National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "Index." Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: Toward a New Synthesis 50 Years after Stebbins. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000. Please select a format: Page 331   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Index A Adams, Keith, 35-57 Agamogenesis, see Asexual reproduction Alfonzo, Juan, 117-141 Algae, 10, 11, 22 Alien species, see Invasive species Amitochondriate protists, 1-2, 21-34 Amplification, 123, 175-176, 237, 249, 324 Anaerobic processes, 23, 26, 27, 29-30 Anderson, Edgar, vi, 5, 292, 305 Angiosperms, 2, 35-57, 211-234, 253, 254, 255-270, 273, 274, 311, 315, 317, 320-323, 325-326 convolution, 255, 263, 264-267 deletion mutation, 37, 43, 47 DNA, 2, 35-57, 216 gene transfer, 2, 35, 36, 38, 41-53 genome, 2, 35-57, 254 geographic variation, 212, 213, 223-226, 227, 229-230, 256 hybridization, 38, 40, 41, 45, 49, 51 intros, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 48-51, 53, 221, 222, 249 mitochondria, 2, 35-57 models, 211-231, 256, 260 morphology, 213, 259, 260, 263 natural selection, general, 43-48 out crossing, 226, 255, 262, 266-267, 273, 274, 311, 315 respiration, 2, 35, 40-41, 43, 46 RNA, 36, 43, 46, 52, 216 systematics, 37-38, 49, 50 transcription, 42, 43, 44, 216 transposing, 166, 211, 217, 218, 219, 221-223, 229 see also Flower color variation; Pollination; Self fertilization; Vascular plants Anopheles mosquitoes, 144, 149 see also Plasmodium falciparum Antigens CSP gene, 144, 145, 147, 150-155, 160-161 influenza virus, 60, 83, 86, 95 M.p.-1 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 154-157 M.p.-2 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 158-161 Plasmodium falciparum, see also Vaccines Arabidopsis Thailand, 36, 38, 40-41, 42, 166, 172, 174, 178, 188, 195, 199, 235, 241-243, 320 Archaebacteria, 2, 21-25, 26, 31 Archaeprotists, 22, 24, 26, 28-29, 32 Page 331 Front Matter (R1-R12) Part I: Early Evolution and the Origin of Cells (1-2) 1 G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906-2000) -- An Appreciation (3-5) 2 Solution to Darwin's Dilemma: Discovery of the Missing Precambrian Record of Life (6-20) 3 The Chimeric Eukaryote: Origin of the Nucleus from the Karyomastigont in Amitochondriate Protists (21-34) 4 Dynamic Evolution of Plant Mitochondrial Genomes: Mobile Genes and Introns and Highly Variable Mutation Rates (35-58) Part II: Viral and Bacterial Models (59-60) 5 The Evolution of RNA Viruses: A Population Genetics View (61-82) 6 Effects of Passage History and Sampling Bias on Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Human Influenza A Evolution (83-98) 7 Bacteria are Different: Observations, Interpretations, Speculations, and Opinions About the Mechanisms of Adaptive Evolution in Prokaryotes (99-114) Part III: Protoctist Models (115-116) 8 Evolution of RNA Editing in Trypanosome Mitochondria (117-142) 9 Population Structure and Recent Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum (143-164) Part IV: Population Variation (165-166) 10 Transposons and Genome Evolution in Plants (167-186) 11 Maize as a Model for the Evolution of Plant Nuclear Genomes (187-210) 12 Flower Color Variation: A Model for the Experimental Study of Evolution (211-234) 13 Gene Genealogies and Population Variation in Plants (235-252) Part V: Trends and Patterns in Plant Evolution (253-254) 14 Toward a New Synthesis: Major Evolutionary Trends in the Angiosperm Fossil Record (255-270) 15 Reproductive Systems and Evolution in Vascular Plants (271-288) 16 Hybridization as a Stimulus for the Evolution of Invasiveness in Plants? (289-309) 17 The Role of Genetic and Genomic Attributes in the Success of Polyploids (310-330) Index (331-340)

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS Index A Adams, Keith, 35-57 Agamogenesis, see Asexual reproduction Alfonzo, Juan, 117-141 Algae, 10, 11, 22 Alien species, see Invasive species Amitochondriate protists, 1-2, 21-34 Amplification, 123, 175-176, 237, 249, 324 Anaerobic processes, 23, 26, 27, 29-30 Anderson, Edgar, vi, 5, 292, 305 Angiosperms, 2, 35-57, 211-234, 253, 254, 255-270, 273, 274, 311, 315, 317, 320-323, 325-326 convolution, 255, 263, 264-267 deletion mutation, 37, 43, 47 DNA, 2, 35-57, 216 gene transfer, 2, 35, 36, 38, 41-53 genome, 2, 35-57, 254 geographic variation, 212, 213, 223-226, 227, 229-230, 256 hybridization, 38, 40, 41, 45, 49, 51 intros, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 48-51, 53, 221, 222, 249 mitochondria, 2, 35-57 models, 211-231, 256, 260 morphology, 213, 259, 260, 263 natural selection, general, 43-48 out crossing, 226, 255, 262, 266-267, 273, 274, 311, 315 respiration, 2, 35, 40-41, 43, 46 RNA, 36, 43, 46, 52, 216 systematics, 37-38, 49, 50 transcription, 42, 43, 44, 216 transposing, 166, 211, 217, 218, 219, 221-223, 229 see also Flower color variation; Pollination; Self fertilization; Vascular plants Anopheles mosquitoes, 144, 149 see also Plasmodium falciparum Antigens CSP gene, 144, 145, 147, 150-155, 160-161 influenza virus, 60, 83, 86, 95 M.p.-1 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 154-157 M.p.-2 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 158-161 Plasmodium falciparum, see also Vaccines Arabidopsis Thailand, 36, 38, 40-41, 42, 166, 172, 174, 178, 188, 195, 199, 235, 241-243, 320 Archaebacteria, 2, 21-25, 26, 31 Archaeprotists, 22, 24, 26, 28-29, 32

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS Asexual reproduction, 45-46, 65, 73, 103, 253, 254, 271-278, 282-285, 293, 295, 296, 301 Ayala, Francisco, 115-116, 143-164 B Bacteria, 11, 60 archaebacteria, 2, 21-25, 26, 31 chromosomes, 99, 100, 101, 102-105, 107 cryptozoons, 11-12 deletion mutation, 103, 104 DNA, 101, 106, 109 endosymbiotic, 23, 46 enzymes, 108, 109 eubacteria, 2, 21-34 gene transfer, 101, 106, 107-110 genome, 102 model of, 103 population genetics, 99-101, 104, 105, 109-110 reproduction and mutation, 99-113 transposition, 100, 101, 105-106, 107-108, 109 viruses and, 99-113 Barghoorn, Else, 12, 13, 14-16 Barrio, Elatio, 61-82 Bates on, William, vi Bergstrom, Carl, 60, 99-113 Bitter Springs fossils, 16, 17 BYTEnet protists, 118-120 Barco, Alma, 61-82 Bush, Robin, 59-60, 83-98 C Cambrian Period, 1, 6-20 Cassava, 244-248 Cell biology, general, vii, 1-60 chromatin, 165, 167, 178, 199 nucleus, origin of, 21-34 plant genome,angiosperms, 2, 35-57, 254 maize, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176, 187-210 mitochondrial, 35-57 morning glories, 216, 217, 218, 221-223, 229 other, 169, 187-210, 242, 254, 276, 281, 317-318 ribosomes, 2, 23, 35, 40-42 RNA viruses, 62, 63-64, 72see also Bacteria; Eucaryote; Karyomastigonts; Mitochondria; Prokaryote; Protists Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 93 Charts, 12, 14, 17, 18 Who, Angry, 35-57 Chromosomal Evolution in Plants, 311 Chromosomes, 4, 42, 188, 197, 199, 201-205 bacteria, 99, 100, 101, 102-105, 107 Plasmodium falciparum, 144, 148, 150, 156 see also Diploid plants; Polyploid plants; Transposition and transposing Chromatin, 165, 167, 178, 199 see also Genome Cladistics, 247, 253, 259, 260-261, 265, 267 Classification, see Systematics Clegg, Michael, 166, 211-234 Cloning, 59, 158, 197, 216 bacteria, 100, 102-103 hybridization, 295, 297 plant mitochondria, 59 RNA viruses, 64-69, 73-77 Cloud, Preston, 13, 14, 15-16 Coal, 16 Coalescence, see Gene coalescence Colons, 77, 83, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 96-97, 117, 132-134, 136, 160 Convolution, angiosperm, 255, 263, 264-267 Computer applications influenza virus mutations, 84, 89 minicircle class plasticity, 115, 126-132 Corn, see Maize Cox, Nancy, 83-98 Crepis, 4-5, 274, 276 Cretaceous Period, 253, 256, 261, 263, 265 Cryptozoons, 9-12, 16, 18 see also Stromatolites CSP gene, 144, 145, 147, 150-155, 160-161 D Darwin, Charles, 1, 7 Darwinian theory, v, vi , 1, 168

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS missing Precambrian record, 6-20 RNA viruses, 63-64 see also Natural selection Dawson, John, 7-9, 11, 16 Deletion mutation bacteria, 103, 104 influenza virus, 84 RNA viruses, 61, 65-69, 75 plants, 278, 314 angiosperm, 37, 43, 47 transposing, 169, 170 Plasmodium falciparum, 158, 161 trypanosome mitochondria, 117, 118, 121-132, 135, 136 De Vries, H., vi, 169 Milcher, David, 253, 255-270 Diploid plants, 4-5, 235, 254, 310-320(passim), 321, 323, 324, 325 invasive species, hybridization, 302 maize, 166, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193-194 vascular, 272-273, 276 Diploid Plasmodium falciparum, 144 DNA bacterial mutation, 101, 106, 109 invasive species, 292-293 kinetoplastid protists, 115, 118, 120-121, 122, 126, 135 nucleus, origin of, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28 plants, 237, 238, 244, 248, 275-276, 276, 311, 316-319, 324-325 angiosperm, 2, 35-57, 216 maize, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 187, 190, 193 morning glories, 221, 222-223 transponsons, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 196-197 Plasmodium falciparum, 143-145, 147, 150-162 RNA viruses compared to DNA-based organisms, 62x , Chromosomes; Genome; Intros, plants; Transcription DNA repeats, 37, 318 maize, 165, 179, 187, 196-201 morning glories, 222-223 Plasmodium falciparum, 116, 150-161 Dobzhansky, Theodosius, v, vi, 5 Dolan, Michael, 1-2, 21-34 Dubbin, Mary, 166, 211-234 E E. coli, see Escherichia coli Economic factors cassava, 244 invasive species, 254, 290 Electrophoresis, 166, 236-237 Elena, Santiago, 61-82 Ellstrand, Norman, 254, 289-309 Enzymes and enzymatic processes bacteria, 108, 109 eukaryote, 23, 27 flower color variation, 211, 212, 215, 216-218, 219, 228 polyploid plants, 323 RNA editing in trypanosome mitochondria, 117, 134 Eocene Period, 256, 257, 263, 266 Asians 8-9, 11 Epistasis, 63, 216 Applying, Carl, 5 Escherichia coli, 100 Eubacteria, 2, 21-34 Eucaryote. 1-2, 60 enzymes, 23, 27 morphology, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29 nuclei, 21-34, 36 reproduction, 28, 60, 99, 102, 103, 109, 110 RNA, 23 systematics, 22-23, 28-29, 32 see also Protists Eons, 48, 49, 172, 173, 221, 246 F Fedor off, Nina, 167-186 Fisher, R.A., vi Fetch, Walter, 83-98 Flavonoids flower color variation, 211, 212, 215-223, 228 polyploid plants, 317-318 Flower color variation, 221, 222 enzymes, 211, 212, 215, 216-218, 219, 228 flavonoids, 211, 212, 215-223, 228 geographic, 212, 213, 223-226, 227, 229-230

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS morphology and, 213 nucleoside, 216, 217-218 polymorphism, 166, 211-234 RNA, 216 self fertilization, 226-227 transcription, 42, 43, 44, 216 Flowering plants, see Angiosperms Flowering Plants: Evolution Above the Species Level, 257 Fossil record, see Paleobiology; specific paleontologic eras and periods Fungi, 50-51 G Gallon, Francis, vi Gait, Brandon, 165, 187-210 Gene coalescence, 147, 166, 235, 238, 245, 249, 293, 297, 300 Gene genealogies, 166, 204, 235-254 Gene transfer angiosperm, 2, 35, 36, 38, 41-53 bacteria, 101, 106, 107-110 Plasmodium falciparum, 147 viral, 59, 65-66, 68, 69 Genome bacterial mutation, 102 mitochondrial, 35-57, 115, 117-141 nucleus, origin of, 22 plants, 169, 187-210, 187-210, 317-318 angiosperms, 2, 35-57, 254 maize, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176, 187-210 mitochondrial, 35-57 morning glories, 216, 217, 218, 221-223, 229 population genetics, 165-166, 167-186 transcription, 172, 174, 175, 176-178, 179, 197-199 Plasmodium falciparum, 145 RNA viruses, 62, 73-64, 70, 72 see also Polyploid plants; Transposition and transposing Geographic variation plants, vii, 166, 311, 313, 318-319 angiosperm, 212, 213, 223-226, 227, 229-230, 256 gene genealogies, 235-237, 241, 243-249 spatial autocorrelation, 212, 224-225, 227, 230 see also Invasive species Plasmodium falciparum, 147-148, 161-162 Glaessner, Martin, 13-14 Glycoprotein, 158 Gorier, Ricardo, 1-2, 21-34 Gun flint fossils, 12, 13, 14-16, 18 H Hilden, J.B.S., vi Hemagglutinin gene, 60, 83, 84-86, 95 Heterozygosity, plants, 4, 227, 254 invasive plants and hybridization, 293, 295, 297, 301-302, 304 polyploid plants, 310, 312-313, 314, 325 vascular plants, 276, 283, 284 Holsinger, Kent, 254, 271-288 Huxley, Thomas, vi Hybridization, plants, 244, 245, 254, 271, 311-312 cassava, 247-248 cloning, 295, 297 maize, 188, 190, 193, 194, 199-200 typanosome mitochondria, 126 vascular plants, 274, 276 angiosperm, 38, 40, 41, 45, 49, 51 see also Invasive species I Influenza virus, 59-60, 83-98 antigens, 83, 86, 95 computer models, 84, 89 mutation, 83-98 nucleoside, 59-60, 83, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 96-97 population genetics, 93, 95 vaccines, 83-84 Insects, 30 Anopheles mosquitoes, 144, 149; see also Plasmodium falciparum pollination, 166, 211-212, 213, 214-215, 226, 227, 228, 229, 262, 263-265, 267, 280

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS Intros, plants, 2, 173, 246 angiosperm, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 48-51, 53, 221, 222, 249 Invasive species, 1, 36, 51, 254, 289-309 diploid, 302 DNA, 292-293 economic impact, 254, 290 heterozygosity, 293, 295, 297, 301-302, 304 morphology, 292, 293-294, 296, 299 reproductive systems, 293, 295, 296, 301 systematics, 290, 293-296 K Karyomastigonts, 1-2, 21-34 Kinetoplastid protists, 115, 117-141 DNA, 115, 118, 120-121, 122, 126, 135 RNA, 115, 117-141 systematics, 118-120 Kinetosomes, 1, 22, 28, 29, 30, 31 L Le Thar d'Ennequin, Maud, 187-210 Levin, Bruce, 60, 99-113 M Maize, 37, 165-166, 169-210, 213, 224 diploid, 166, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193-194 DNA, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 187, 190, 193 DNA repeats, 165, 179, 187, 196-201 genome, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176, 187-210 hybridization, 188, 190, 193, 194, 199-200 nucleoside, 188-189, 197, 204 population genetics, 165-166, 171-186 systematics, 202-204 transposing, 165, 167, 169-186, 188, 196-197, 200-201 Malaria, see Plasmodium falciparum Marquis, Lynn, 1-2, 21-34 Maslov, D.A., 117-141 May, Ernst, v-vi McClintock, Barbara, 165, 167-168 Mendelian theory, vi, 168, 169 Merozoite surface protein genes, see M.p.-1 gene; M.p.-2 gene Metabolic processes, 22, 27, 212 anaerobic, 23, 26, 27, 29-30 see also Enzymes and enzymatic processes Microorganisms, see Bacteria; Cell biology, general; Viruses Minicircle molecules, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123-132, 136 Miocene Period, 257 Miralles, Rosario, 61-82 Mitochondria, 2, 22, 29-30 angiosperms, 2, 35-57 genome, 35-57, 115, 117-141 trypanosome, RNA editing; 115, 117-141 deletion mutation, 117, 118, 121-132, 135, 136 enzymes, 117, 134 mutation, 133-134 respiratory processes, 123 transcription, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 135 Models and modeling angiosperm, 211-231, 256, 260 bacterial mutation, 103 DNA repeats, 150 gene transfer, 41-42 invasive species, 292-306 island models, 237 nucleus, origin of, 21-34 plant gene genealogies, 241-243 plant nuclear genome, maize as model, 187-210 polyploid plants, 314-315 RNA editing in trypanosome mitochondria, 124, 126-132 RNA viruses, quasispecies theory, 62, 77-79 RNA viruses, population genetics, 59, 61-79 see also Computer applications Modifier gene theory, 104, 212, 213, 226 Morphology angiosperm fossil record, 213, 259, 260, 263 eucaryote, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29 flower color variation and, 213 invasive plants, 292, 293-294, 296, 299

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS maize, 205 plant transposing, 168, 169, 180 polyploid plants, 314, 316, 317 vascular plant reproduction, 259, 260, 263, 275, 276, 277, 280-281 see also Polymorphism Morning glories, 211-234 DNA, 221, 222-223 DNA repeats, 222-223 genome, 216, 217, 218, 221-223, 229 Mosquitos, see Anopheles mosquitoes Moya, Andrés, 59, 61-82 M.p.-1 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 154-157 M.p.-2 gene, 143, 144, 145, 150, 158-161 mtDNA, angiosperms, 2, 35-57 Mutagenesis and mutation, general, 169, 170 bacterial, 99-113 gene coalescence, 147, 166, 235, 238, 245, 249, 293, 297, 300 influenza, host-mediated, 83-98 plants, 166, 169, 174, 170-205, 211, 212, 218-223, 228-229, 238, 243, 276, 278, 283-284 gene coalescence, 166, 235, 238, 245, 249, 293, 297, 300 gene genealogies, 166, 204, 235-254 Plasmodium falciparum, 143, 147, 149-150, 161 RNA editing in trypanosome mitochondria, 133-134 RNA viruses, 59, 62, 64-69, 73-79 see also Deletion mutation; Hybridization, plants; Natural selection, general; Polymorphism; Transposition and transposing N Natural selection, general, v, vi angiosperm, 43-48 invasive species, 300 parasite, 116, 149-150 plants, 201, 204-205, 211-234, 235, 236, 275-285 RNA viruses, 78-79 see also Mutagenesis and mutation Nematodes, 30 Nonnative species, see Invasive species Nucleoside, 118, 143, 154-157, 158-160, 275-276 colons, 77, 83, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 96-97, 117, 132-134, 136, 160 flower color variation, 216, 217-218 influenza virus, 59-60, 83, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 96-97 maize, 188-189, 197, 204 see also DNA; DNA repeats; RNA; RNA viruses O Oligocene Period, 257 Olsen, Kenneth, 166, 235-254 On the Origin of Species, 6, 7, 9 see also Darwinian theory Out crossing angiosperm, 226, 255, 262, 266-267, 273, 274, 311, 315 polyploid plants, 310, 311, 313-316, 319 vascular plants, 226, 253-254, 255, 262, 266-267, 271-285(passim), 303, 311, 315 see also Hybridization, plants P Paleobiology, v, vi, 253, 255-270, 323 coal, 16 charts, 12, 14, 17, 18 see also specific periods Paleocene Period, 256, 257, 263, 266 Paleozoic Period, 265 Palmer, Jeffrey, 2, 32, 35-57 Parasites, 79, 105, 116, 149-150 see also Plasmodium falciparum Parkinson, Christopher, 35-57 Pearson, Karl, vi Peek, Andrew, 187-210 Pests, see Invasive species Phanerozoic Period, 7, 13, 16 Plants, v-vii, 1, 3-5 cellular processes, 4 DNA, 237, 238, 244, 248, 275-276, 276, 311, 316-319, 324-325 angiosperm, 2, 35-57, 216 maize, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 187, 190, 193

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS morning glories, 221, 222-223 transponsons, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 196-197 deletion mutation, 278, 314 angiosperm, 37, 43, 47 transposing, 169, 170 gene genealogies, 166, 204, 235-254 genome, 169, 187-210, 187-210, 317-318 angiosperms, 2, 35-57, 254 maize, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176, 187-210 mitochondrial, 35-57 morning glories, 216, 217, 218, 221-223, 229 population genetics, 165-166, 167-186 transcription, 172, 174, 175, 176-178, 179, 197-199 geographic variation, vii , 166, 311, 313, 318-319 angiosperm, 212, 213, 223-226, 227, 229-230, 256 gene genealogies, 235-237, 241, 243-249 spatial autocorrelation, 212, 224-225, 227, 230 see also Invasive species mutation, 166, 169, 174, 170-205, 211, 212, 218-223, 228-229, 238, 243, 276, 278, 283-284 gene coalescence, 166, 235, 238, 245, 249, 293, 297, 300 gene genealogies, 166, 204, 235-254 natural selection, general, 201, 204-205, 211-234, 235, 236, 275-285 pigmentation, 166, 169-170, 211-234, 264 polymorphism, 237, 241, 244, 246, 274-275, 276 flower color, 166, 211-234 reproduction, vii , 2, 212, 226, 228 asexual, 45-46, 73, 103, 253, 254, 271-278, 282-285, 293, 295, 296, 301 invasive species, 293, 295, 296, 301 vascular plants, 253-288 see also Angiosperms; Hybridization, plants; Out crossing; Self fertilization spatial autocorrelation, 212, 224-225, 227, 230 see Diploid plants; Flavonoids; Heterozygosity, plants; Invasive species; Intros, plants; Maize; Polyploid plants; Vascular plants Plasmids, 60, 100-101, 105-106, 107-109, 136 Plasmodium falciparum, 115-116, 143-164 antigens, 115-116, 143-145, 147, 150-162 chromosomes, 144, 148, 150, 156 deletion mutation, 158, 161 diploid, 144 DNA, 143-145, 147, 150-162 DNA repeats, 116, 150-161 geographic variation, 147-148, 161-162 mutation, 143, 147, 149-150, 161 polymorphism, 143, 144-145, 147, 148, 150-162 population genetics, 115-116, 143-164 reproductive processes, 150, 161 systematics, 145-146 Pleistocene epoch, 166, 236, 243-248 Pollination, 271, 272-273, 275, 280-281, 283 insect, 166, 211-212, 213, 214-215, 226, 227, 228, 229, 262, 263-265, 267, 280 wind and water, 263, 264, 265, 267 see also Hybridization, plants Polymorphism plants, flower color, 166, 211-234 plants, other, 237, 241, 244, 246, 274-275, 276 Plasmodium falciparum, 143, 144-145, 147, 148, 150-162 RNA viruses, 75 Polyploid plants, 4-5, 166, 174, 187, 189-196, 201, 254, 274, 282, 295, 310-326 enzymes, 323 flavonoids, 317-318 heterozygosity, 310, 312-313, 314, 325 morphology, 314, 316, 317 out crossing, 310, 311, 313-316, 319 self fertilization, 310, 312, 315 Population genetics/variation, 104, 106, 304 bacteria, 99-101, 104, 105, 109-110 influenza, 93, 95 plants, 166, 235-254, 275-276 genome evolution and transposing, 165-166, 167-186

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS flower color, 166, 211-234 maize, 165-166, 171-186 Plasmodium falciparum, 115-116, 143-164 RNA viruses, 59, 61-79 see also Geographic variation Precambrian Period, 6-20 Prokaryote, 2, 22-26, 27, 60, 99-113 Proterozoic Period, 31 Protists, 8-9 amitochondriate protists, 1-2, 21-34 archaeprotists, 22, 24, 26, 28-29, 32 bodonid protists, 118-120 nucleus, origin of, 21 see also Kinetoplastid protists Q Qiu, Ying-Long, 35-57 Quasispecies theory, RNA viruses, 62, 77-79 R Raven, Peter, 3-5 Redox states, 27, 47 Repetitive DNA, see DNA repeats Reproductive systems and processes, 136 asexual, 45-46, 65, 73, 103, 253, 254, 271-278, 282-285, 293, 295, 296, 301 bacteria, 99-113 eucaryote and, 28, 60, 99, 102, 103, 109, 110 plants, vii , 2, 212, 226, 228 asexual, 45-46, 73, 103, 253, 254, 271-278, 282-285, 293, 295, 296, 301 invasive species, 293, 295, 296, 301 out crossing, 226, 253-254, 255, 262, 266-267, 271-285(passim), 303, 310, 311, 313-316 vascular plants, 253-288 morphology and, 259, 260, 263, 275, 276, 277, 280-281 self fertilization, 253-254, 262, 271-272, 274, 275-285 see also Angiosperms see also Hybridization, plants; Pollenation; Self fertilization Plasmodium falciparum, 150, 161 RNA viruses, 65, 73 see also Cloning; Mutagenesis and mutation Respiratory genes and processes angiosperm, 2, 35, 40-41, 43, 46 trypanosome mitochondria, 123 Restriction analysis, 109, 136, 166, 190, 192, 223, 237-238, 241, 249, 275-276, 311, 319 Ribosomes, 2, 23, 35, 40-42 Rich, Stephen, 115-116, 143-164 RNA, 178 angiosperms, 36, 43, 46, 52, 216 colons, 77, 83, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 96-97, 117, 132-134, 136, 160 Darwinian theory and, 63-64 deletion mutation, 61, 65-69, 75 eucaryote, 23 eons, 48, 49, 172, 173, 221, 246 flower color variation, 216 genome, 62, 63-64, 72 minicircle molecules, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123-132, 136 natural selection, general, 78-79 trypanosome mitochondria, RNA editing; 115, 117-141 deletion mutation, 117, 118, 121-132, 135, 136 enzymes, 117, 134 mutation, 133-134 respiratory processes, 123 transcription, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 135 see also Intros, plants; Transcription RNA viruses, 59, 61-82 cell biology, general, 62, 63-64, 72 cloning, 64-69, 73-77 Darwinian theory and, 63-64 deletion mutation, 61, 65-69, 75 genome, 62, 73-64, 70, 72 mutation, 59, 62, 64-69, 73-79 nucleoside, 60, 63-64, 75-77 quasispecies theory, 62, 77-79 polymorphism, 75 population genetics, 59, 61-79 quasispecies theory, 62, 77-79 reproductive processes, 65, 73 transcription, 75, 77

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS S Sampling, 83-84, 86-89, 92-97, 238, 317 Savill, Nicholas, 117-141 Sawkins, Mark, 187-210 Schaal, Barbara, 166, 235-254 Schierenbeck, Kristina, 254, 289-309 Schopf, J. William, 1, 6-20 Self fertilization flower color variation, 226-227 polyploids, 310, 312, 315 vascular plants, 253-254, 262, 271-272, 274, 275-285 Seward, Albert, 11-12 Simpson, George, v, vi, 256 Simpson, Larry, 115, 117-141 Smith, Catherine, 83-98 Soltis, Douglas, 254, 310-329 Soltis, Pamela, 254, 310-329 Song, Keming, 35-57 Sorghum, 165, 166, 173, 175, 187, 190, 191-193, 195, 198, 294, 298, 301 Southern blotting, 35, 38-40, 51, 126 Spatial autocorrelation, 212, 224-225, 227, 230 Spirochetes, 22, 25, 26, 31 Sprigg, Reginald, 14 Stebbins, G. Ledyard, v-vii, 1, 3-5, 7, 165, 166, 167, 169, 188, 228, 236, 238, 255-258, 260, 291, 292, 305, 310, 311, 312, 321 see also Variation and Evolution in Plants Stochastic processes, 104, 118, 121 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 101 Stromatolites, 9-12, 16, 18 see also Cryptozoons Sulfur syntrophy, 24, 25, 26-27 Synteny, 173-174 Systematics, general, v, 4, 260, 274, 311, 322 angiosperm, 37-38, 49, 50 cladistics, 247, 253, 259, 260-261, 265, 267 eucaryote, 22-23, 28-29, 32 invasive species, 290, 293-296 kinetoplastid protists, 118-120 maize, 202-204 Plasmodium falciparum, 145-146 T Taxonomy, see Systematics Tempo and Mode in Evolution, 256 Tertiary Period, 253, 265, 266 Thiodendron, 21, 24-28 Thiemann, Otavio, 117-141 Timofeev, Boris, 13, 14 Transcription angiosperm, 42, 43, 44, 216 flower color variation, 216 plant genome, 172, 174, 175, 176-178, 179, 197-199 RNA viruses, 75, 77 trypanosome mitochondria, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 135 Transduction, 108 Transposition and transposing, 167-171, 320 angiosperms, 166, 211, 217, 218, 219, 221-223, 229 bacteria, 100, 101, 105-106, 107-108, 109 deletion mutation, plants, 169, 170 DNA, 165, 172, 174, 177, 178-179, 196-197 maize, 165, 167, 169-186, 188, 196-197, 200-201 morphology, 168, 169, 180 plant genome, 165-165, 167-186 Trichomonads, 22, 32 Trypanosomatid protists, 31, 117-141 Tyler, Stanley, 12, 13, 14-16 V Vaccines influenza, 83-84 vesicular stomatitis virus, 60, 72 Variation and Evolution in Plants, v-vi, 1, 5, 7, 165, 167-168, 169, 236, 253, 255-257, 310, 311 Vascular plants, 2, 166, 211-234, 253-254, 271-288 diploid, 272-273, 276 pigmentation, 166, 211-234, 264 heterozygosity, 276, 283, 284 hybridization, 274, 276 angiosperm, 38, 40, 41, 45, 49, 51

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: TOWARD A NEW SYNTHESIS 50 YEARS AFTER STEBBINS reproduction, 253-288 morphology and, 259, 260, 263, 275, 276, 277, 280-281 out crossing, 226, 253-254, 255, 262, 266-267, 271-285(passim), 303, 311, 315 self fertilization, 253-254, 262, 271-272, 274, 275-285 see also Angiosperms Vegetation, see Plants Vesicular stomatitis virus, 60, 61-82 Viruses bacteria and, 99-113 transduction, 108 see also Influenza virus; RNA viruses W Walcott, Charles, 9-12 Weldon, W.F.R., vi Wright, Sewall, vi World Health Organization, 86, 93, 144 Y Yeast, 30, 45, 47, 193, 193, 196

Representative terms from entire chapter:

plasmodium falciparum