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Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE HUMAN GENOME

Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
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This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
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Genes, Chips, and the Human Genome

STEPHEN P. A. FODOR

Affymetrix, Inc.

Santa Clara, California

Photolithography and combinatorial chemical synthesis have been used to generate miniaturized, high-density arrays of oligonucleotide probes. These probe arrays are then used for parallel nucleic acid hybridization analysis, directly yielding high-information-content sequence data. Implementation of the DNA array technology has required the integration of multiple technical disciplines resulting in the development of fabrication methods for the probe arrays, assays for the detection of target hybridization, algorithms to analyze the hybridization data, and platform instruments to support the technology. Applications of the arrays include the analysis of genetic mutations, the simultaneous expression profiling of thousands of genes, a new method to quickly discover polymorphisms of the human genome, and a new tool for genomic mapping. The talk reviews specific oligonucleotide probe array designs and paradigm experiments.

Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
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Page 25
Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
×
Page 26
Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
×
Page 27
Suggested Citation:"2 Making Sense of the Human Genome." National Academy of Engineering. 2000. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9774.
×
Page 28
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Frontiers of Engineering is the fifth book highlighting the presentations of the National Academy of Engineering's (NAE) annual symposium series, Frontiers of Engineering. The 1999 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering was held October 14-16, at the Academies' Beckman Center in Irvine, California. The 101 emerging engineering leaders (ages 30-45) from industry, academia, and federal laboratories who attended the meeting heard presentations and discussed cutting-edge research and technical work in four engineering fields. Symposium speakers were asked to prepare extended summaries of their presentations, and it is those papers that are contained here. The intent of this book, and of the four that precede it in the series, is to describe the content and underpinning philosophy of this unique meeting and to highlight some of the exciting developments in engineering today.

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