Apoptosis, 14, 15-17, 18, 19, 114, 119, 120, 122-131, 132

genetic factors, 123

glia, 16, 124-125

intervention strategies, 121;

see also Antioxidants

neural circuits and, 16, 114

plasticity and, 16, 114, 120, 123

see also Oxidative stress

Artificial intelligence, 55, 56

Asians, see Cultural factors

Assays, behavioral, 19

ATMs, see Automated teller machines

Attention, 9, 33, 35, 190

cultural factors, 224, 225-226

driving motor vehicles, 175-176

nonneurological diseases and, 195, 196, 197, 201-202, 205

research recommendations, 56, 160

technological aids, 175-176, 179, 180

Attitudes, 230

decision making, (146.n1)

depression, 43-44, 198

motivation, 25, 31, 34, 44, 152

toward technology, 29-30

see also Cultural factors;

Emotion;

Psychological factors

Auditory perception, see Hearing

Automated teller machines, 29, 170, 174, 175, 180

Automobiles, see Driving motor vehicles

Bayesian inference, 48

BDNF, see Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Behavioral factors, ix-x, 2, 4, 5, 13, 39-40

animals, behavioral interventions, 7, 20, 122

animals, behaviorally impaired, 97-100

assays, 19

conceptual framework, 9, 10

dynamic factor analysis, 49

homeostatic processes and, 121-122, 134, 135

interventions, 6-8, 13, 17, 20, 121-122, 134

environmental enrichment, 22-23, 104, 121-122, 134

physical exercise, 4, 7, 8, 37, 50, 104, 121, 134, 191, 194

life experiences, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 18, 19, 22-23, 25-29, 34

models and, 49-50

multivariate analysis, 52-53

lifestyle, 59, 189, 190-191

alcohol use, 190-191, 198

physical exercise, 4, 7, 8, 37, 50, 104, 121, 134, 191, 194

smoking, 190, 198

stress, 49, 191, 194, 198

see also Diet

memory, 86, 104

models, 47-50, 175-178

regional changes in the brain, 45-46

research recommendations, 3, 4, 5, 17-18, 19-20, 35, 51, 52, 55, 56, 61

structure of the mind, 5, 37, 45-47, 49-50, 51, 52-53

theory development, 46-47

see also Cultural factors;

Psychological factors;

Social factors

Behavioral science, ix-x, 1, 8-11, 19

conceptual framework, 9-11

neuroscience and, 19, 22, 46

Biochemical processes, general, 7, 19

behavioral factors, 19, 85

free radicals, 15-16, 17, 114, 123, 125

homeostatic processes, 116, 130

hypertension, 199

interventions, 17-18;

see also Drugs

memory loss, 15, 83-85, 87, 88-89, 92-94, 97-100

neural circuits, 15, 84, 85, 87-89, 92-99, 101-102, 105

neuroanatomy and, 83-85, 95, 97-100

neurotoxicity, 117, 122, 123, 126, 190, 192

see also Apoptosis;

Inflammation;

Molecular processes;

Oxidative stress;

Receptor-mediated processes

Front Matter (R1-R14)

Executive Summary (1-6)

1 Understanding the Aging Mind (7-13)

2 Neural Health (14-20)

3 Cognition in Context (21-36)

4 Structure of the Aging Mind (37-53)

5 Implementation (54-63)

References (64-80)

Appendix A: Age-Related Shifts in Neural Circuit Characteristics and Their Impact on Age-Related Cognitive Impairments (81-113)

Appendix B: Homeostatic Processes in Brain Aging: The Role of Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Regulating Healthy Neural Circuitry in the Aging Brain (114-143)

Appendix C: The Bearable Lightness of Aging: Judgment and Decision Processes in Older Adults (144-165)

Appendix D: Cognitive Aging and Adaptive Technologies (166-188)

Appendix E: Health Effects on Cognitive Aging (189-217)

Appendix F: Cultural Variations in Cognition: Implications for Aging Research (218-237)

Appendix G: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Nonhuman Primates: A Prospectus for Research on Aging (238-250)

Appendix H: Biographical Sketches (251-258)

Index (259-271)