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Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
Table 10–3 Other Mineral Requirements and Maximum Tolerable Concentrations and Vitamin Requirements
Mineral/Vitamin
Unit
Growing and Finishinga
Cows
Maximum Tolerable Level
Gestation
Early Lactation
Magnesium
%
0.10
0.12
0.20
0.40
Potassium
%
0.60
0.60
0.70
3.00
Sodium
%
0.06–0.08
0.06–0.08
0.10
—
Sulfur
%
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.40
Cobalt
mg/kg
0.10
0.10
0.10
10.00
Copper
mg/kg
10.00
10.00
10.00
100.00
Iodine
mg/kg
0.50
0.50
0.50
50.00
Iron
mg/kg
50.00
50.00
50.00
1000.00
Manganese
mg/kg
20.00
40.00
40.00
1000.00
Selenium
mg/kg
0.10
0.10
0.10
2.00
Zinc
mg/kg
30.00
30.00
30.00
500.00
Vitamin A
IU/kg
2200
2800
3900
—
Vitamin D
IU/kg
275
275
275
—
a Also for breeding bulls.
TABLE 10–4 Adjustment Factors for Dry Matter Intake for Cattlea
Adjustment factor
Multiplier
Breed (BI)
Holstein
1.08
Holstein×Beef
1.04
Empty body fat effect (BFAF)
21.3 (to 350 kg EQW)
1.00
23.8 (400 kg EQW)
0.97
26.5 (450 kg EQW)
0.90
29.0 (500 kg EQW)
0.82
31.5 (550 kg EQW)
0.73
Anabolic implant (ADTV)
1.00
No anabolic stimulant
0.94
Temperature, °C (TEMP1)
>35, no night cooling
0.65
>35, with night cooling
0.90
25 to 35
0.90
15 to 25
1.00
5 to 15
1.03
-5 to 5
1.05
-15 to -5
1.07
<-15
1.16
Mud (MUD1)
None
1.00
Mild (10–20 cm)
0.85
Severe (30–60 cm)
0.70
a National Research Council, 1987.
For non-pregnant beef cows:
For pregnant cows (last two-thirds of pregnancy):
where
The same environmental adjustments (Table 10–4 ) are used to adjust intake for all cattle types.
Adjustment of Dry Matter Intake relative to forage allowance for animals grazing:
otherwise:
where