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Appendix
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Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
A User’s Guide for NRC Model Application
National Research Council
Board on Agriculture
Committee on Animal Nutrition
Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition
SUBCOMMITTEE ON BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION
JOCK G.BUCHANAN-SMITH, Chair, University of Guelph, Canada
LARRY L.BERGER, University of Illinois
CALVIN FERRELL, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska
DANNY G.FOX, Cornell University
MICHAEL GALYEAN, Clayton Livestock Research Center, Clayton, New Mexico
DAVID P.HUTCHESON, Animal Agricultural Consulting, Inc., Amarillo, Texas
TERRY J.KLOPFENSTEIN, University of Nebraska
JERRY W.SPEARS, North Carolina State University
This guide was prepared by Danny G.Fox, with the assistance of Michael C.Barry.
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Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
155
Tutorials,
155
Computer Programs,
155
Hardware and Software Requirements and Installation,
156
Program Operation and Use,
156
Main Menu,
157
Chapter 2. Feedlot Case Study
158
Tutorial Lesson 1: Feedlot Case Study,
158
Describe Units and Levels,
158
Describe Animal,
159
Describe Management,
160
Describe Environment,
161
Describe Feed,
162
NRC Model Diet Evaluation,
164
Execute a Diet Evaluation with NRC Model Level 1,
164
Execute a Diet Evaluation with NRC Model Level 2,
165
Differences Between NRC Model Levels 1 and 2,
166
Predicting Responses to Alternative Feedlot Conditions,
169
Evaluation of the Feedlot Case Study Using the Table Generator,
170
Adjusters,
171
Chapter 3. Cow-Calf Ranch Case Study
172
Tutorial Lesson 2: Cow-Calf Ranch Case Study,
172
Describe Units and Levels,
172
Describe Animal,
173
Describe Management,
175
Describe Environment,
176
Describe Feed,
176
NRC Model Diet Evaluation,
179
Execute a Diet Evaluation with NRC Model Level 1,
179
Execute a Diet Evaluation with NRC Model Level 2,
180
Differences Between NRC Model Levels 1 and 2,
181
Evaluating Cow Herd Requirements over the Reproductive Cycle using the Table Generators,
183
Application of the Table Generators for the Cow Herd,
183
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Bred Heifers Tutorial,
183
Mature Cow Tutorial,
185
Chapter 4. Guideline Diet Nutrient Density Requirement Tables
188
Comparisons with the 1984 NRC Tables,
189
Appendix Tables
1
Feed Library—Tabular Energy Values and Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions, Digestibility Rates, Amino Acids, Minerals, and Vitamins,
192
2
Cow Condition Score,
204
3
Condition Score Resulting from Various Rates of Gain,
204
4
Breed Maintenance Requirement Multipliers, Birth Weights, and Peak Milk Production,
204
5
Additive Codes and Adjustment Factors,
204
6
Digestion Rates (%/hr) of Grains,
205
7
Digestion Rates (%/hr) of Proteinaceous Feeds,
206
8
Digestion Rates (%/hr) of Forages,
206
9
Effective NDF Values for Feeds,
207
10
Post-ruminal Starch Digestibilities (%),
207
11
Predicted Biological Values of Feeds with Different Digestion and Passage Rates,
208
12
Predicting Peak Milk in Beef Cows,
208
13
Energy Reserves for Cows with Different Body Sizes and Condition Scores,
209
14
Maintenance Requirement Multipliers for Representative Environmental Conditions,
209
15
Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle (1,000 lb at finishing),
210
16
Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle (1,100 lb at finishing),
211
17
Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle (1,200 lb at finishing),
212
18
Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle (1,300 lb at finishing),
213
19
Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle (1,400 lb at finishing),
214
20
Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Pregnant Replacement Heifers,
215
21
Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows (1,000 lb mature weight),
216
22
Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows (1,200 lb mature weight),
217
23
Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows (1,400 lb mature weight),
218
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Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
1 Introduction
A computer disk containing two stand-alone programs is provided as a companion to the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Seventh Revised Edition 1996 to demonstrate how to use the NRC model Levels 1 and 2. The two computer programs include (1) a table generator program and (2) the NRC model program containing two levels of equations. These programs allow the user to apply the equations summarized in Chapter 10 of the report. (See the report’s Glossary for definitions of acronyms used.) An understanding of ruminant nutrition and knowledge of the underlying biological concepts presented in this report are essential for use of the models.
The programs predict requirements and energy and protein allowable production from the dietary ingredients fed. All programs use the same cattle requirement equations, which can be used to compute requirements over wide variations in body sizes and cattle types, milk production levels, and environmental conditions. Rate of gain or energy reserves balance are predicted based on ME available for productive purposes after maintenance, growth, gestation, and milk production requirements have been satisfied.
We have attempted to make the software accurate and user friendly. The programs were developed as a Lotus 1–2–3® spreadsheet. Baler® was used to protect the spreadsheet and develop the user interface. Program help screens provide guidelines for choosing inputs and in interpreting and applying outputs. Pop-up evaluator screens in the NRC model program interpret output and provide application recommendations.
TUTORIALS
The focus of this user’s guide is to demonstrate how to apply the model Levels 1 and 2. Tutorials provide a quick overview of the program applications. Examples are provided that allow the user to input data from an actual feedlot and cow-calf ranch, analyze the diets, and evaluate the results. The user is referred to the following chapters for detailed information on biological bases for equations and assumptions used in the software:
maintenance, Chapter 1;
growth and energy reserves, Chapter 3;
pregnancy and lactation, Chapter 4;
rumen fermentation and protein metabolism, Chapters 2 and 10;
minerals, Chapter 5;
dry matter intake, Chapter 7;
feed analysis and feed library, Chapter 10;
analysis of common feeds by commercial laboratories, Chapter 11; and
a list of all equations, Chapter 10.
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Tables This program allows the user to compute tables of nutrient requirements and diet nutrient density required over a feeding period indicated. It also allows a rapid determination of how well a diet meets the requirements of the group of cattle being fed that diet and whether modifications are needed.
NRC Model This program contains two levels of solution for predicting energy and protein supply from actual rations, using a feed library (Appendix Table 1). Level 1 uses tabular NEm, NEg, and DIP values to compute energy and protein supply, microbial growth, and nitrogen requirements for fermentation. Level 2 predicts feed carbohydrate and protein ruminal degradation, microbial growth, and fermentation nitrogen requirements, and
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escape of carbohydrate and protein to dynamically predict ME and MP derived from each feed fed, and amino acid balances.
Feed Library (Appendix Table 1) A critical component of the NRC model program is the feed library developed from research data and the values in Table 11–1 of the report; Table 11–1 lists some of the same feeds and International Feed Numbers found in Appendix Table 1, and values correspond wherever possible. The feed library, Appendix Table 1, contains feed composition values needed to predict the supply of nutrients available to meet animal requirements in both model Levels 1 and 2. A detailed description of the feed library can be found in Chapter 10 of the report.
Feeds can be added to the feed library, and any of the library composition values can be changed. The user should use actual values whenever possible. Appendix Table 1 differs from Table 11–1 of the report because of the additional carbohydrate and protein fractions needed for Level 2. When feeds are added to the library on the disk, use Appendix Tables 6 through 9 to assign digestion rates and effective NDF values.
Because of the many variables involved and judgments that must be made in choosing inputs and interpreting outputs, the NRC makes no claim for the accuracy of this software and the user is solely responsible for risk of use.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION
This software is designed to operate on microcomputers that run MS-DOS. The NRC model requires the following hardware:
an IBM personal computer or “compatible” running MS-DOS or PC-DOS Version 3.0 or later,
at least one floppy-disk drive,
at least one hard drive, and
640 KB random access memory (RAM).
Additional memory (2MB), a hard disk, math co-processor, and printer are optional, but highly recommended.
The NRC model requires the following software:
PC-DOS or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or later,
NRC disk.
To install this software:
Make a back-up copy of the original disk for safety and archival purposes, then use the back-up and store the original disk.
Create a subdirectory on your hard drive to store the program files.
For example, at the C:/ prompt, type MD NRC.
Copy all the files from the backup copy of the distribution diskettes to that subdirectory.
For example, at the C:/ prompt, type CD NRC, then type copy a:*.* (Enter)
Type INSTALL.
PROGRAM OPERATION AND USE
Select the directory on your computer that contains the NRC files. If you installed the software on your C drive, you should be at the C:/NRC directory prompt.
At the directory prompt, you may choose one of the three following options:
To start the table generator program, type TABLES
To start the NRC model program, type NRC
To open the feed library, type FEEDS
A “Welcome to the Software” screen will appear. Press any key to continue. To go from one program to the other, you must return to the NRC directory.
After the program is loaded and the “Welcome to the Software” screen appears, press any key to continue. The main menu screen will appear. The program returns to this screen whenever the (ESC) key is pressed. This program contains a context-sensitive help system that is accessed by pressing the (F1) key when the cursor is on the input or output cell in question. Other “hot” keys have been defined and are shown below. Cell locations are shown above and to the left of each screen for reference.
Key
Description
(F1)
Access on-line help system
(F6)
Go to feed import screen
(F7)
Go to feed energy and protein values screen
(F10)
Go to feed amounts screen
(F11)
Go to detailed diet evaluation screen
(ESC)
Go to main menu
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MAIN MENU
“MAIN MENU” SCREEN
1996 Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Describe Units and Levels
Print Results
Describe Animal
Describe Management
View Feed Digestion
Describe Environment
View Requirements
Describe Feed
View Amino Acid Balances
View Balance Screen
View Mineral Balances
Save Inputs
Quit
Retrieve Inputs
Press (F1) at any time for context sensitive help
Press (ESC) at any time to escape to this screen
Position the cursor over the appropriate option and press (ENTER) to select that option. Help is available for each option by pressing (F1) when the cursor is positioned on that option. The options are described below.
Describe Units and Levels is used to name the diet, choose the grading system, solution level (Level 1 or Level 2), units (English or metric), and diet basis (dry matter or as fed).
Describe Animal is used to describe the animal (type, age, sex, body weight, condition score, mature weight), and reproductive cycle (days pregnant, days in milk, lactation #, peak milk production, time of lactation peak, duration of lactation, milk composition, age @ puberty, calving interval, expected calf birth weight).
Describe Management is used to describe feed additives used, grazing conditions, and to make adjustments to efficiency of use of ME and microbial yield.
Describe Environment is used to describe environmental conditions (wind, temperature, hair coat condition).
Describe Feed is used to bring in feeds from the feed library, view and change composition of feeds chosen from the feed library, and change amounts (actual consumption of each feed in the diet).
View Balance Screen is used to view the supply-requirements balances of energy and protein for the animal, management, environment, and feed inputs, predicted performance, diet net energy, and protein concentrations.
Quit is used to exit the program.
Print Results is used to obtain a printout of this evaluation.
View Feed Digestion is used to view each feed calculation from the rumen simulation in Level 2 (degradation and passage rates, carbohydrate and protein fraction amounts ruminally degraded and escaped, bacterial growth and nitrogen (N) balance, intestinal digestion, fecal output, predicted feed NE and MP values).
View Requirements is used with both levels to view calculations of animal requirements by physiological function (maintenance, growth, lactation, pregnancy).
View Amino Acid Balances is used to view each essential amino acid requirement, supply, balance (supply-requirement), and percent of requirement met.
View Mineral Balances is used to view each mineral requirement, amounts supplied from the diet, balances, and percent in the diet.
Save Inputs is used to save the inputs for this evaluation.
Retrieve Inputs is used to retrieve inputs for previous evaluations saved ((I), (file get)) so they can be updated.
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2 Feedlot Case Study
TUTORIAL LESSON 1: FEEDLOT CASE STUDY
Begin the tutorial by opening the NRC model program (at the NRC directory prompt, type NRC); select the Describe Units and Levels option on the main screen. Press (Enter)
This case study is a 20,000 head capacity western Canada feedlot. Cattle are fed in open dirt lots surrounded by windbreaks. Typical pens contain 250 head. The basal ration is dry rolled barley and barley silage. The questions are as follows.
Should the roughage level in the ration be lowered to increase energy intake?
Should the barley silage be chopped finer, and is the barley grain rolled fine enough?
Are feed “bypass” protein or protected amino acids needed?
How can I adjust gain predictions for cattle type and weather conditions?
Data from closeouts will be used to adjust the model so it predicts accurately for that feedlot, and then inputs will be changed to answer the questions. The data base is 1969 Hereford×Charolais crossbred steers fed in 8 pens in the fall with an initial weight of 837 lb and final weight of 1,284 lb with an average grade of Canadian AA. The cattle received an estrogenic implant and were fed an ionophore. The average weight during the feeding period was 1,060 lb, with an ADG of 3.48 and conversion of 6.98 lb DM/lb gain. The average diet DMI was 5 lb coarse chopped barley silage, 19 lb coarse rolled barley grain, and 0.3 lb minerals. Feed analysis available indicated the barley silage was 48.7% NDF with 65% estimated to be eNDF, 10.4% CP, 3% fat, and 8% ash; and barley grain was 19% NDF with 34% estimated to be eNDF, 13% CP, 2.1% fat, and 3% ash. Environmental conditions were 5 mph average wind on the cattle in the pens; the previous month’s average temperature was 40° F and average temperature during the feeding period was 30° F. Other inputs were average hide thickness, hair depth of 0.2 inch (typical of early summer-fall; 0.5 inch is typical of winter), and average hair coat condition is clean and dry.
Describe Units and Levels
“DESCRIBE UNITS AND LEVELS” SCREEN
1996 NRC Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Describe Units and Levels
Diet
NRC Feedlot1
Grading System 2
Level
1 Tabular System
Units
1 English
Feed H2O
0 Dry Matter
Main Menu
Press (F1) at any time for context sensitive help
Press (ESC) at any time to escape to the main menu
Diet: Enter an identifying name for the particular diet being evaluated in cell C1024.
Entry for the example is NRC feedlot1. (Enter)
Grading System: In cell H1024 enter the grading system. Choices are 1 (USDA Standard or Canadian A, which are related to 25.2% body fat), 2 (USDA Select or Canadian AA, which are related to 26.8% body fat), and 3 (USDA Choice or Canadian AAA, which are related to 27.8% body fat). The program uses this grade to identify the standard reference weight. The standard reference weight is divided by the finished weight, and this result is multiplied by the actual weight. These calculations provide the weight used
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in the equations that compute net energy and protein in the gain. (See Chapter 3 for the biological basis and validation of this method.)
Entry for the example is 2. (Enter)
Level: In cell C1026 enter either a 1 (uses tabular feed net energy and protein degradability values) or 2 (feed energy and absorbed protein values based on feed carbohydrate and protein fractions and their digestion rates). It is often practical to adjust the diet until balanced with Level 1, then evaluate it with Level 2 to get predicted feed net energy values and amino acid balances, based on actual feed analysis for carbohydrate and protein fractions.
Entry for the example is 1 (will later be changed to 2 for further evaluation). (Enter)
Units: In cell C1028 enter either a 0 for metric or 1 for English. Be sure all data are entered in the same units as chosen here.
Value for the example is 1 (English). (Enter) Feed H20: In cell C1030 enter 0 (dry matter) or 1 (as fed). This is used to determine DMI from the feed amounts fed that is entered later.
Value for the example is 0 (Dry Matter). (Enter)
Context sensitive help ((F1)) is available to guide the user in selecting appropriate values to enter in these cells. After you are satisfied with the inputs for this section, press (Enter) to return to the main menu. Then select Describe Animal (Enter).
Describe Animal
“DESCRIBE ANIMAL” SCREEN
Describe Animal
Animal Type
1
Growing/Finishing
Age
14
Months
Sex
2
Steer
Body Weight
1060
lb
Condition Score
5
1=emaciated 9=very fat
Mature Weight
1284
lb at 27% fat (slight marbling)
Breeding System
2
2-way cross
1
Dam’s Breed
11
Hereford
Sire’s Breed
6
Charolais
1
1
Next
Press (F1) at any time for context sensitive help
Press (ESC) at any time to escape to the main menu
When entering values, press (Enter) twice to move to the next input cell and to cause chosen category to be displayed.
Animal Type: In cell D1043 enter the correct code for the class of cattle. Choices are 1 (growing and finishing), 2 (lactating cow), 3 (dry cow), 4 (herd replacement heifer), 5 (breeding bull). This invokes the inputs and equations needed to compute requirements, predict DMI, and evaluate the diet for that class.
The entry for this example is 1. (Enter)
Animal Age: In cell D1044 enter the average age in months. This value influences expected DMI and tissue insulation.
The entry for this example is 14. (Enter)
Sex: In cell D1045 enter the code for the sex of the animal. Choices are 1 for a bull, 2 for a steer, 3 for a heifer, and 4 for a cow. A heifer is entered as a cow after calving the first time.
The entry for this example is 2. (Enter)
Body Weight: In cell D1046 enter the shrunk body weight that best represents the group being fed together. Body weight is a major determinant of DMI, maintenance, and growth requirements.
The entry for this example is 1060. (Enter)
Condition Score: In cell D1047 enter the average condition score of the cattle in the group (Appendix Table 2). See Chapters 1 and 3 for a detailed discussion of the 1 to 9 condition scoring system used and its biological basis. The choices are 1 through 9 (1=emaciated, 5=moderate, 9=very fat). Condition score is used to describe tissue insulation, the potential for compensatory growth in growing cattle, and energy reserves in cows. Appendix Table 3 gives estimates of the relationship between previous nutrition and body condition score in growing cattle.
Entry for the example is 5. (Enter)
Mature Weight: In cell D1048 enter the expected average weight at the grade chosen in the Units and Levels screen. For cows, replacement heifers, or breeding bulls, enter the expected mature weight at condition score 5. The weight that best corresponds to the cattle in question based on the user’s experience for the type of growing animal, implant strategy, and ration should be entered. A general guide is that the finishing weight should be reduced 50–75 lb if rations that contain more than 70% grain are fed continuously after weaning or if anabolic steroids are not used. Finishing weight should be increased 50–75 lb if animals are grown slowly or if they are implanted with estrogen in combination with trenbolone acetate.
Entry for the example is 1284. (Enter)
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APPENDIX TABLE 11 Predicted Biological Values of Feeds with Different Digestion and Passage Ratesa
Item
Unit
Corn Sil 40% Grain
Brome Hay Midbloom
Alfalfa Hay Midbloom
Corn Dry Grain 56
Corn HM Grain 56
Soybean Meal-49
Soybean Whole
Soybean Whl Roast
@ Passage Rate of 2%/h
DIP
% CP
79
63
71
64
77
84
87
58
UIP
% CP
21
37
29
36
23
16
13
42
TDN
% DM
70
60
60
85
86
86
86
84
NEg
Mcal/kg
1.13
0.79
0.78
1.59
1.63
1.62
1.64
1.57
MTPb
g/kg
62
48
51
71
79
73
60
48
@ Passage Rate of 4%/h
DIP
% CP
75
58
63
52
72
75
81
46
UIP
% CP
25
42
37
48
28
25
19
54
TDN
% DM
65
53
57
82
85
85
85
84
NEg
Mcal/kg
0.96
0.52
0.68
1.52
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.57
MTP
g/kg
55
36
46
61
74
66
55
43
@ Passage Rate of 6%/h
DIP
% CP
72
54
58
45
68
68
76
38
UIP
% CP
28
46
42
55
32
32
24
62
TDN
% DM
62
49
56
80
83
84
84
84
NEg
Mcal/kg
0.86
0.36
0.61
1.46
1.56
1.58
1.58
1.57
MTP
g/kg
50
33
43
54
70
61
51
39
@ Passage Rate of 8%/h
DIP
% CP
69
51
54
39
65
63
72
33
UIP
% CP
31
49
46
61
35
37
28
67
@ pH=6.5
TDN
% DM
60
47
54
79
83
84
84
84
NEg
Mcal/kg
0.79
0.26
0.57
1.42
1.53
1.57
1.57
1.56
MTP
g/kg
46
30
41
48
66
57
48
36
@ pH=5.7c
TDN
% DM
52
36
49
78
82
83
82
84
NEg
Mcal/kg
0.49
-0.25
0.36
1.39
1.50
1.55
1.51
1.58
MTP
g/kg
21
10
20
27
38
33
27
21
aAll values are predicted by the Level 2 model.
bMTP is microbial true protein yield,
cMicrobial yield is reduced by 40% at pH 5.7.
APPENDIX TABLE 12 Predicting Peak Milk in Beef Cowsa
Peak Milk lb/day
Mature Weight (lb)
6
12
18
24
30
Avg. expected 7 month male calf weight (lb)
880
398
444
477
—
—
950
416
460
493
—
—
1030
431
475
510
546
574
1100
449
491
526
561
590
1170
464
506
541
576
607
1250
477
521
557
590
623
1320
491
537
572
605
638
1400
504
550
587
620
656
1470
517
565
601
634
671
aFox et al., 1988.
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APPENDIX TABLE 13 Energy Reserves for Cows with Different Body Sizes and Condition Scores
Mature weight (lb) at body condition score 5
Body CS
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
Meal NE required or provided for each CSa,b
2
101
114
126
139
151
164
177
189
202
3
114
129
143
157
172
186
200
214
229
4
131
147
163
180
196
212
229
245
261
5
151
170
188
207
226
245
264
283
301
6
176
198
220
242
264
286
308
330
351
7
208
234
260
285
311
337
363
389
415
8
249
280
311
342
373
405
436
467
498
9
304
342
380
418
456
494
532
570
608
aRepresents the energy mobilized in moving to the next lower score, or required to move from the next lower score to this one. Each kg of SBW change contains 5.82 Mcal, and SBW at CS 1 through 9 are 76.5, 81.3, 86.7, 92.9, 100, 108.3, 118.1, 129.9, and 144.3% of CS 5 weight, respectively.
APPENDIX TABLE 14 Maintenance Requirement Multipliers for Representative Environmental Conditionsa,b
Hair coat codec at 30° F
Hair coat codec at 10° F
Hair coat codec at -10° F
1
3
1
3
1
3
Beef cow wintering ration (.60 Mcal NEm/lb DM)
Wind @ 1.0 mph
Hide coded
1
1.19
1.19
1.29
1.68
1.58
2.07
2
1.19
1.19
1.29
1.55
1.41
1.92
3
1.19
1.19
1.29
1.45
1.39
1.79
Wind @ 10 mph
1
1.22
1.48
1.60
1.94
1.98
2.39
2
1.19
1.41
1.47
1.84
1.82
2.27
3
1.19
1.34
1.36
1.75
1.69
2.17
Typical calf wintering ration (.35 Mcal NEg/lb DM)
Wind @ 1.0 mph
1
1.19
1.47
1.50
1.93
1.87
2.39
2
1.19
1.37
1.36
1.80
1.69
2.23
3
1.19
1.28
1.29
1.69
1.55
2.09
Wind @ 10 mph
1
1.41
1.69
1.85
2.20
2.29
2.72
2
1.30
1.61
1.71
2.10
2.12
2.59
3
1.21
1.54
1.60
2.01
1.98
2.48
Typical finishing ration (.62 Mcal NEg/lb DM)
Wind @ 1.0 mph
1
1.19
1.19
1.33
1.76
1.69
2.21
2
1.19
1.19
1.29
1.63
1.51
2.05
3
1.19
1.19
1.29
1.51
1.39
1.92
Wind @ 10 mph
1
1.24
1.52
1.67
2.03
2.11
2.54
2
1.19
1.44
1.54
1.93
1.95
2.42
3
1.19
1.36
1.42
1.83
1.81
2.31
aThis table was developed from the Level 2 model on the computer disk, assuming a winter hair depth of 0.5 inches.
bValues given are NEm required for conditions described, divided by no stress maintenance requirement (77 kcal/BWkg.75).
c1 is dry and clean and 3 is wet and matted.
d1 is thin (typical of Holstein and Zebu types), 2 is average, 3 is thick (hide thickness similar to Hereford types).
OCR for page 210
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 15 Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle
1000 @ finishing (28% body fat—for feedlot steers and heifers) or maturity (replacement heifers).
Body Weight (lb)
TDN % DM
NEm Mcal/lb
NEg Mcal/lb
DMI lb/day
ADG lb/day
CP % DM
Ca % DM
P % DM
550
50
0.45
0.20
15.2
0.64
7.1%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
16.1
1.77
9.8%
0.36%
0.19%
70
0.76
0.48
15.7
2.68
12.4%
0.49%
0.24%
80
0.90
0.61
14.8
3.34
14.9%
0.61%
0.29%
90
1.04
0.72
13.7
3.75
17.3%
0.73%
0.34%
600
50
0.45
0.20
16.2
0.64
7.0%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
17.2
1.77
9.5%
0.34%
0.18%
70
0.76
0.48
16.8
2.68
11.9%
0.45%
0.23%
80
0.90
0.61
15.8
3.34
14.3%
0.56%
0.27%
90
1.04
0.72
14.6
3.75
16.5%
0.66%
0.32%
650
50
0.45
0.20
17.3
0.64
6.9%
0.20%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
18.2
1.77
9.2%
0.32%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
17.8
2.68
11.5%
0.42%
0.21%
80
0.90
0.61
16.8
3.34
13.7%
0.52%
0.26%
90
1.04
0.72
15.5
3.75
15.9%
0.61%
0.30%
700
50
0.45
0.20
18.2
0.64
6.8%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
19.3
1.77
8.8%
0.30%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
18.8
2.68
10.9%
0.39%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
17.8
3.34
13.0%
0.48%
0.24%
90
1.04
0.72
16.4
3.75
15.0%
0.56%
0.28%
750
50
0.45
0.20
19.2
0.64
6.7%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
20.3
1.77
8.5%
0.28%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
19.8
2.68
10.3%
0.37%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
18.7
3.34
12.2%
0.45%
0.23%
90
1.04
0.72
17.3
3.75
14.0%
0.52%
0.26%
800
50
0.45
0.20
20.2
0.64
6.5%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
21.3
1.77
8.1%
0.27%
0.15%
70
0.76
0.48
20.8
2.68
9.8%
0.34%
0.18%
80
0.90
0.61
19.6
3.34
11.5%
0.42%
0.22%
90
1.04
0.72
18.1
3.75
13.2%
0.48%
0.25%
OCR for page 211
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 16 Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle
1,100 @ finishing (28% body fat—for feedlot steers and heifers) or maturity (replacement heifers).
Body Weight (lb)
TDN % DM
NEm Mcal/lb
NEg Mcal/lb
DMI lb/day
ADG lb/day
CP % DM
Ca % DM
P % DM
605
50
0.45
0.20
16.3
0.68
7.2%
0.22%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
17.3
1.88
10.0%
0.36%
0.19%
70
0.76
0.48
16.9
2.86
12.7%
0.49%
0.24%
80
0.90
0.61
15.9
3.56
15.3%
0.61%
0.29%
90
1.04
0.72
14.7
4.00
17.8%
0.72%
0.34%
660
50
0.45
0.20
17.5
0.68
7.1%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
18.4
1.88
9.7%
0.34%
0.18%
70
0.76
0.48
18.0
2.86
12.3%
0.45%
0.23%
80
0.90
0.61
17.0
3.56
14.7%
0.56%
0.27%
90
1.04
0.72
15.7
4.00
17.1%
0.66%
0.32%
715
50
0.45
0.20
18.5
0.68
6.9%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
19.6
1.88
9.2%
0.32%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
19.1
2.86
11.5%
0.42%
0.21%
80
0.90
0.61
18.1
3.56
13.7%
0.52%
0.26%
90
1.04
0.72
16.7
4.00
15.9%
0.61%
0.30%
770
50
0.45
0.20
19.6
0.68
6.8%
0.20%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
20.7
1.88
8.8%
0.30%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
20.2
2.86
10.9%
0.39%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
19.1
3.56
12.9%
0.48%
0.24%
90
1.04
0.72
17.6
4.00
14.8%
0.56%
0.28%
825
50
0.45
0.20
20.6
0.68
6.6%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
21.8
1.88
8.4%
0.28%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
21.3
2.86
10.3%
0.37%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
20.1
3.56
12.1%
0.44%
0.23%
90
1.04
0.72
18.6
4.00
13.9%
0.52%
0.26%
880
50
0.45
0.20
21.7
0.68
6.5%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
22.9
1.88
8.1%
0.27%
0.15%
70
0.76
0.48
22.4
2.86
9.8%
0.34%
0.18%
80
0.90
0.61
21.1
3.56
11.4%
0.42%
0.22%
90
1.04
0.72
19.5
4.00
13.1%
0.48%
0.25%
OCR for page 212
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 17 Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle
1,200 @ finishing (28% body fat—for feedlot steers and heifers) or maturity (replacement heifers).
Body Weight (lb)
TDN % DM
NEm Mcal/lb
NEg Mcal/lb
DMI lb/day
ADG lb/day
CP % DM
Ca % DM
P % DM
660
50
0.45
0.20
17.5
0.72
7.3%
0.22%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
18.4
2.00
10.2%
0.36%
0.19%
70
0.76
0.48
18.0
3.04
13.0%
0.49%
0.24%
80
0.90
0.61
17.0
3.78
15.8%
0.61%
0.29%
90
1.04
0.72
15.7
4.25
18.4%
0.72%
0.34%
720
50
0.45
0.20
18.6
0.72
7.1%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
19.7
2.00
9.7%
0.34%
0.18%
70
0.76
0.48
19.2
3.04
12.2%
0.45%
0.23%
80
0.90
0.61
18.2
3.78
14.6%
0.56%
0.27%
90
1.04
0.72
16.8
4.25
17.0%
0.66%
0.32%
780
50
0.45
0.20
19.8
0.72
6.9%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
20.9
2.00
9.2%
0.32%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
20.4
3.04
11.4%
0.42%
0.21%
80
0.90
0.61
19.3
3.78
13.6%
0.52%
0.26%
90
1.04
0.72
17.8
4.25
15.8%
0.61%
0.30%
840
50
0.45
0.20
20.9
0.72
6.8%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
22.1
2.00
8.8%
0.30%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
21.6
3.04
10.8%
0.39%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
20.4
3.78
12.8%
0.48%
0.24%
90
1.04
0.72
18.8
4.25
14.7%
0.56%
0.28%
900
50
0.45
0.20
22.0
0.72
6.6%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
23.3
2.00
8.4%
0.28%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
22.7
3.04
10.2%
0.37%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
21.5
3.78
12.0%
0.44%
0.23%
90
1.04
0.72
19.8
4.25
13.8%
0.52%
0.26%
960
50
0.45
0.20
23.1
0.72
6.5%
0.19%
0.12%
60
0.61
0.35
24.4
2.00
8.1%
0.27%
0.15%
70
0.76
0.48
23.9
3.04
9.7%
0.34%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
22.5
3.78
11.3%
0.41%
0.22%
90
1.04
0.72
20.8
4.25
13.0%
0.48%
0.25%
OCR for page 213
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 18 Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle
1,300 @ finishing (28% body fat—for feedlot steers and heifers) or maturity (replacement heifers).
Body Weight (lb)
TDN % DM
NEm Mcal/lb
NEg Mcal/lb
DMI lb/day
ADG lb/day
CP % DM
Ca % DM
P % DM
715
50
0.45
0.20
18.5
0.76
7.3%
0.22%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
19.6
2.11
10.2%
0.36%
0.19%
70
0.76
0.48
19.1
3.21
13.0%
0.49%
0.24%
80
0.90
0.61
18.1
3.99
15.7%
0.61%
0.29%
90
1.04
0.72
16.7
4.48
18.3%
0.72%
0.34%
780
50
0.45
0.20
19.8
0.76
7.1%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
20.9
2.11
9.6%
0.34%
0.18%
70
0.76
0.48
20.4
3.21
12.1%
0.45%
0.23%
80
0.90
0.61
19.3
3.99
14.5%
0.56%
0.27%
90
1.04
0.72
17.8
4.48
16.9%
0.66%
0.32%
845
50
0.45
0.20
21.0
0.76
6.9%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
22.2
2.11
9.1%
0.32%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
21.7
3.21
11.4%
0.42%
0.22%
80
0.90
0.61
20.5
3.99
13.6%
0.51%
0.26%
90
1.04
0.72
18.9
4.48
15.7%
0.60%
0.30%
910
50
0.45
0.20
22.2
0.76
6.7%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
23.5
2.11
8.7%
0.30%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
22.9
3.21
10.7%
0.39%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
21.6
3.99
12.7%
0.48%
0.24%
90
1.04
0.72
20.0
4.48
14.6%
0.56%
0.28%
975
50
0.45
0.20
23.4
0.76
6.6%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
24.7
2.11
8.3%
0.28%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
24.1
3.21
10.2%
0.37%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
22.8
3.99
11.9%
0.44%
0.23%
90
1.04
0.72
21.0
4.48
13.7%
0.52%
0.26%
1,040
50
0.45
0.20
24.5
0.76
6.5%
0.19%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
25.9
2.11
8.0%
0.27%
0.15%
70
0.76
0.48
25.3
3.21
9.6%
0.34%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
23.9
3.99
11.3%
0.41%
0.22%
90
1.04
0.72
22.1
4.48
12.9%
0.48%
0.25%
OCR for page 214
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 19 Diet Nutrient Densities for Growing and Finishing Cattle
1,400 @ finishing (28% body fat—for feedlot steers and heifers) or maturity (replacement heifers).
Body Weight (lb)
TDN % DM
NEm Mcal/lb
NEg Mcal/lb
DMI lb/day
ADG lb/day
CP % DM
Ca % DM
P % DM
770
50
0.45
0.20
19.6
0.80
7.3%
0.22%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
20.7
2.22
10.1%
0.36%
0.19%
70
0.76
0.48
20.2
3.38
12.9%
0.49%
0.24%
80
0.90
0.61
19.1
4.20
15.6%
0.61%
0.29%
90
1.04
0.72
17.6
4.72
18.1%
0.72%
0.34%
840
50
0.45
0.20
20.9
0.80
7.1%
0.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
22.1
2.22
9.6%
0.34%
0.18%
70
0.76
0.48
21.6
3.38
12.1%
0.45%
0.23%
80
0.90
0.61
20.4
4.20
14.5%
0.56%
0.27%
90
1.04
0.72
18.8
4.72
16.8%
0.65%
0.32%
910
50
0.45
0.20
22.2
0.80
6.9%
.21%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
23.5
2.22
9.1%
0.32%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
22.9
3.38
11.3%
0.42%
0.22%
80
0.90
0.61
21.6
4.20
13.5%
0.51%
0.26%
90
1.04
0.72
20.0
4.72
15.6%
0.60%
0.30%
980
50
0.45
0.20
23.5
0.80
6.7%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
24.8
2.22
8.7%
0.30%
0.17%
70
0.76
0.48
24.2
3.38
10.7%
0.39%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
22.9
4.20
12.6%
0.47%
0.24%
90
1.04
0.72
21.1
4.72
14.5%
0.56%
0.28%
1,050
50
0.45
0.20
24.7
0.80
6.6%
0.20%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
26.1
2.22
8.3%
0.28%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
25.5
3.38
10.1%
0.37%
0.20%
80
0.90
0.61
24.1
4.20
11.9%
0.44%
0.23%
90
1.04
0.72
22.2
4.72
13.6%
0.51%
0.26%
1,120
50
0.45
0.20
25.9
0.80
6.5%
0.19%
0.13%
60
0.61
0.35
27.4
2.22
8.0%
0.27%
0.16%
70
0.76
0.48
26.8
3.38
9.6%
0.34%
0.19%
80
0.90
0.61
25.3
4.20
11.2%
0.41%
0.22%
90
1.04
0.72
23.3
4.72
12.8%
0.48%
0.25%
OCR for page 215
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 20 Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Pregnant Replacement Heifers
Months Since Conception
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1,000 lb Mature Weight
TDN, % DM
50.1
50.2
50.4
50.7
51.3
52.3
54.0
56.8
61.3
ME, mcal/lb
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.49
0.52
0.56
0.63
NEm, mcal/lb
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.30
0.37
DMI, lb
16.7
17.2
17.7
18.2
18.7
19.4
20.0
20.7
21.3
Target ADG
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
Shrunk Body Wt.
622
644
667
689
711
733
756
778
800
CP % DM
7.18
7.16
7.16
7.21
7.32
7.56
7.99
8.74
10.02
Ca % DM
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.32
0.31
0.31
P % DM
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.23
0.23
0.22
1,100 lb Mature Weight
TDN, % DM
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.8
51.3
52.3
53.9
56.5
60.6
ME, mcal/lb
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.52
0.56
0.62
NEm, mcal/lb
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.30
0.36
DMI, lb
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.1
20.8
21.5
22.3
22.9
Target ADG
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
Shrunk Body Wt.
684
709
733
758
782
807
831
856
880
CP % DM
7.20
7.17
7.17
7.21
7.32
7.54
7.93
8.63
9.80
Ca % DM
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.32
0.31
0.30
P % DM
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.23
0.22
0.22
1,200 lb Mature Weight
TDN, % DM
50.5
50.5
50.7
50.9
51.4
52.3
53.8
56.2
59.9
ME, mcal/lb
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.55
0.61
NEm, mcal/lb
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.30
0.35
DMI, lb
19.3
19.8
20.3
20.9
21.5
22.2
23.0
23.7
24.4
Target ADG
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
Shrunk Body Wt.
747
773
800
827
853
880
907
933
960
CP % DM
7.21
7.19
7.18
7.22
7.31
7.52
7.89
8.53
9.62
Ca % DM
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.31
0.31
0.30
P % DM
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.23
0.22
0.22
1,300 lb Mature Weight
TDN, % DM
50.6
50.7
50.8
51.0
51.5
52.4
53.7
56.0
59.5
ME, mcal/lb
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.55
0.60
NEm, mcal/lb
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.34
DMI, lb
20.5
21.0
21.6
22.2
22.9
23.6
24.4
25.2
25.9
Target ADG
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
Shrunk Body Wt.
809
838
867
896
924
953
982
1011
1040
CP % DM
7.23
7.20
7.20
7.22
7.31
7.50
7.85
8.45
9.46
Ca % DM
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.31
0.30
0.30
P % DM
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.23
0.22
0.22
1,400 lb Mature Weight
TDN, % DM
50.7
50.8
50.9
51.2
51.6
52.4
53.7
55.8
59.0
ME, mcal/lb
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.55
0.60
NEm, mcal/lb
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.34
DMI, lb
21.7
22.3
22.9
23.5
24.2
24.9
25.8
26.6
27.4
Target ADG
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
Shrunk Body Wt.
871
902
933
964
996
1027
1058
1089
1120
CP % DM
7.25
7.22
7.21
7.23
7.31
7.48
7.81
8.38
9.33
Ca % DM
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.31
0.30
0.30
P % DM
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.23
0.22
0.22
OCR for page 216
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 21 Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows
Months since Calving
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1,000 lb Mature Weight, 10 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
55.8
56.6
54.3
53.4
52.5
51.8
44.9
45.7
47.0
49.1
52.0
55.7
ME, mcal/lb
0.93
0.95
0.91
0.89
0.88
0.86
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.93
NEm, mcal/lb
0.55
0.56
0.52
0.51
0.49
0.48
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.49
0.54
DM, lb
21.6
22.1
23.0
22.5
22.1
21.7
21.1
21.0
20.9
20.8
21.0
21.4
Milk, lb/day
8.3
10.0
9.0
7.2
5.4
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
8.70
9.10
8.41
7.97
7.51
7.14
5.98
6.16
6.47
6.95
7.66
8.67
Ca % DM
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.24
0.24
0.24
P % DM
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.15
1,000 lb Mature Weight, 20 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
59.6
60.9
58.6
57.0
55.4
54.0
44.9
45.7
47.0
49.1
52.0
55.7
ME, mcal/lb
1.00
1.02
0.98
0.95
0.92
0.90
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.93
NEm, mcal/lb
0.60
0.62
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.49
0.54
DM, lb
24.0
25.0
25.4
24.4
23.5
22.7
21.1
21.0
20.9
20.8
21.0
21.4
Milk, lb/day
16.7
20.0
18.0
14.4
10.8
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
10.54
11.18
10.38
9.65
8.86
8.17
5.98
6.16
6.47
6.95
7.66
8.67
Ca % DM
0.30
0.32
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.22
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.24
0.24
0.24
P % DM
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.15
1,000 lb Mature Weight, 30 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
62.8
64.5
62.1
60.1
57.9
55.9
44.9
45.7
47.0
49.1
52.0
55.7
ME, mcal/lb
1.05
1.08
1.04
1.00
0.97
0.93
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.93
NEm, mcal/lb
0.65
0.68
0.64
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.49
0.54
DM, lb
26.4
27.8
27.8
26.4
24.9
23.7
21.1
21.0
20.9
20.8
21.0
21.4
Milk, lb/day
25.0
30.0
27.0
21.6
16.2
11.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
12.06
12.86
12.00
11.07
10.04
9.09
5.98
6.16
6.47
6.95
7.66
8.67
Ca % DM
0.35
0.38
0.35
0.32
0.28
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.24
0.24
0.24
P % DM
0.22
0.24
0.22
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.15
OCR for page 217
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 22 Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows
Months since Calving
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1,200 lb Mature Weight, 10 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
55.3
56.0
53.7
52.9
52.1
51.5
44.9
45.8
47.1
49.3
52.3
56.2
ME, mcal/lb
0.92
0.94
0.90
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.94
NEm, mcal/lb
0.54
0.55
0.51
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.55
DM, lb
24.4
24.9
26.0
25.6
25.1
24.8
24.2
24.1
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.6
Milk, lb/day
8.3
10.0
9.0
7.2
5.4
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
8.43
8.79
8.13
7.73
7.33
7.00
5.99
6.18
6.50
7.00
7.73
8.78
Ca % DM
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.25
0.25
P % DM
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16
1,200 lb Mature Weight, 20 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
58.7
59.9
57.6
56.2
54.7
53.4
44.9
45.8
47.1
49.3
52.3
56.2
ME, mcal/lb
0.98
1.00
0.96
0.94
0.91
0.89
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.94
NEm, mcal/lb
0.59
0.61
0.57
0.55
0.53
0.51
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.55
DM, lb
26.8
27.8
28.4
27.4
26.5
25.7
24.2
24.1
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.6
Milk, lb/day
16.7
20.0
18.0
14.4
10.8
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
10.10
10.69
9.92
9.25
8.54
7.92
5.99
6.18
6.50
7.00
7.73
8.78
Ca % DM
0.29
0.31
0.29
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.25
0.25
P % DM
0.19
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16
1,200 lb Mature Weight, 30 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
61.6
63.2
60.8
59.0
57.0
55.2
44.9
45.8
47.1
49.3
52.3
56.2
ME, mcal/lb
1.03
1.06
1.02
0.99
0.95
0.92
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.94
NEm, mcal/lb
0.64
0.66
0.62
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.55
DM, lb
29.2
30.6
30.8
29.4
27.9
26.7
24.2
24.1
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.6
Milk, lb/day
25.0
30.0
27.0
21.6
16.2
11.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
11.51
12.25
11.41
10.55
9.61
8.75
5.99
6.18
6.50
7.00
7.73
8.78
Ca % DM
0.34
0.36
0.34
0.31
0.27
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.25
0.25
P % DM
0.22
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16
OCR for page 218
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 1996
APPENDIX TABLE 23 Diet Nutrient Density Requirements of Beef Cows
Months since Calving
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1,400 lb Mature Weight, 10 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
54.9
55.5
53.3
52.5
51.8
51.2
45.0
45.8
47.3
49.5
52.6
56.6
ME, mcal/lb
0.92
0.93
0.89
0.88
0.86
0.86
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.83
0.88
0.95
NEm, mcal/lb
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.56
DM, lb
27.1
27.6
28.9
28.5
28.0
27.7
27.2
27.0
26.9
26.8
27.0
27.6
Milk, lb/day
8.3
10.0
9.0
7.2
5.4
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
8.23
8.56
7.91
7.55
7.19
6.90
6.00
6.20
6.53
7.04
7.80
8.88
Ca % DM
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.27
0.26
0.26
P % DM
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.16
1,400 lb Mature Weight, 20 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
58.0
59.1
56.8
55.5
54.1
53.0
45.0
45.8
47.3
49.5
52.6
56.6
ME, mcal/lb
0.97
0.99
0.95
0.93
0.90
0.89
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.83
0.88
0.95
NEm, mcal/lb
0.58
0.60
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.56
DM, lb
29.5
30.5
31.3
30.3
29.4
28.6
27.2
27.0
26.9
26.8
27.0
27.6
Milk, lb/day
16.7
20.0
18.0
14.4
10.8
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
9.76
10.31
9.56
8.94
8.29
7.73
6.00
6.20
6.53
7.04
7.80
8.88
Ca % DM
0.28
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.27
0.26
0.26
P % DM
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.16
1,400 lb Mature Weight, 30 lb Peak Milk
TDN, % DM
60.7
62.2
59.8
58.1
56.2
54.7
45.0
45.8
47.3
49.5
52.6
56.6
ME, mcal/lb
1.01
1.04
1.00
0.97
0.94
0.91
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.83
0.88
0.95
NEm, mcal/lb
0.62
0.64
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.53
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.56
DM, lb
31.9
33.3
33.7
32.3
30.8
29.6
27.2
27.0
26.9
26.8
27.0
27.6
Milk, lb/day
25.0
30.0
27.0
21.6
16.2
11.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CP % DM
11.07
11.77
10.95
10.15
9.27
8.49
6.00
6.20
6.53
7.04
7.80
8.88
Ca % DM
0.33
0.35
0.32
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.27
0.26
0.26
P % DM
0.22
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.16
Representative terms from entire chapter:
nutrient requirements
