National Academies Press: OpenBook

Research Needs in Subsurface Science (2000)

Chapter: Color Plates

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Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 160
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 161
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 162
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 163
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 164
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Color Plates." National Research Council. 2000. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9793.
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Page 166

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

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PLATE2 Plan viewofRockyFlatsEnvironmental Technology Site showing areas of plutonium soilcontamination. SOURCE Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site. O ,~. . ~ :! At_ _, ~: '''\ ~ ~ _ . — '~1 '\. - , . . ~ I: 7~-!~,']~ ( ~ At\ =~^ , 1-o~ ~~ 1 rim -a 'I ,_ ~ . cut - ~ i! ~~ ~ - ~— 9 1 ~ ~-`S ~ --in ° !~' °~ ^. ~~—A- C C ~ ~: Q '0 0 0 Q ~ ~~ A;- ~ 04% ~ ~ or. ~L: ~ - ~ ) ~~o Out 00~\ \ ~ V ~ _; it) ~ I'm ~ ~ it- ~ \\: ~\:~-: ~ W - - ~ f- ~ - W. Off ~ ~ ~ rim ~:~ W=./ _~._._ ., I, ~~' _ _ ~ . r~ 1 _ >< . I _

I i W -it ~ ~ ~ \ f~ 1 ~\~ ' — ~ -it's'\ ~ W;~/ ~ -a 'dim ~N WA~ 'I- '< ~\^o it' ~ o) \~ A ° l 1 ~: is,; 'it ~ an-., ,,:~'\ '= -\ I- .~ ~ m:~ 3 _ ' i / ·=~_ ~K By_ ~ _ ~—k_ ~ ~ 4^1~ \' JO - ~:: ~ N-=' A_ I o :: IN ~ ~ - =4 . ~ _ 1. ~ WN :: _ _ ~ _ IIAP ID~ 307 Rocky Flats Env~roDmeotal Tethildagy Site Pu 239+240 Probabilib > 3A3 pa/g Pu239+Z40 - /~ - ~" ~vith F~h~7e ~e Soil SamDliD£r I~cRtioDs 05-T~ EXPLANAnoN Concentrr~tion L~b i pd l9} < 0.0B [~ ]~ 0.08 ~ 0.29 [3 Li ~3 0.30 - 0.89 0.90- 1.99 2.00 - 4.99 G.00- 9.99 > 10.00 Stendr~rd Faetr~ree Isoplot Linr~s 903 F~d lakes and ponds Streams. ditches, or oU~r~r drainage ~res F6ncss Ror.1cy Flrns b M4jor Roads Slicondery R RFETS Roods ndary 8c~h = 1: b1810 1 iochrepr._rner~pprtncltn6tr~v4301 T-.Tn "~ ~- I A Str~tr. r`On. r oordinat. Frol~tion Oolordo Comr,{ Zon Driturn: NAD27 .... U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site . ~ _" . IG _ E__ 10lF F~0r~hE~ - dT~lTS~' rf~'co BE4OJ~ Junr'18, 18Ug o I o r P I a t e s . O O _ ~ 10

PLATE 3 Plan view of Hanford Site showing locations of features in the 100 and 200 Areas and boundaries of major ground- waterplumes. The 100Area is located along the Columbia River and contains the site's production reactors. The 200Area, which is located in the central part of the site, contains waste management facilities. A. Radionuclide contaminant plumes. B. Hazardous chemical and nitrate plumes. (DWS = drinking water standards.) SOURCE: Richland Operations Office. PLATE 3A r r r _r r ' Of ~ ~ . i: ~~ ~ ::: ~ ~ ~ : ~ :, .: ~ ~ :: ~ ~ I. ~ ~ i. ;: ~ ~ . : L rr 100-N Area. Area A,., 1 l IQ o 1= U Pond ~ SCCn~ ~~ ~ ~J ~ ~ ~ :; \NJ US Ecology Landflli \~ <7 ~ _ ~~: .\ ~~;,:~~/ Supply \~ ~~\ \ :: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ System ~ ~ | ~ JO _Cityof ~ \\ I3;~nH O Major Radi on up ides in G round water Above DWS [1 Basalt Above Water Table Tritium (2,000 pCi/U ~ Tritium (DWS 20,000 pCi/U ~ Tritium (80,000 pCi/L) ~ Strontium-90 {DWS 8 pCi/L) - Uranium (MCL 20 ug/L) ~ Technetium-99 (DWS 900 pCi/U ~ lodine-129 {DWS 1 pCi/L) Richland North Area oan mmith C01 S-pterr~r 13,1993 2:30 PM 5 U B S U R F A C E 5 C E N C E

r PLATE 3B r r _r r r r r __ i <>,~~~,on' .~ e~ :: ~ \~: 4: I,.,.~:.~.. .-.. ~, ; ~ .. r ' 100-D Area :~N 100-H 100-N i~,, 100-K Affff?faf 100 F , Area 1 I j r, --~ ~ ! f i . ~~-—~/'~, ~ 200-West_ 2~ ~ ~ 1 a A;e:3 ~ 0 ~ 200 Areas ~ ~Hanfo!d ~ - J Pphd ~ >~..;~f | BC Cribs `~ _ US Ecology ~ Gf Central \ Landfill \ Supply System 618-10 :5 i~ Grounds 1 400 Area \ (Fast Flux Test Facility) \ _ Major Hazardous Chomioals in Groundwater Above DWS fi f Nitrate from Off-Site in Groundwater Above DWS t_ Basalt Above Water Table ~ Chromium (MCL 100 ug/L'f —Nitrate (20 mg/L) ~ Nitrate (MCL 45 mg/L) ~ Carbon Tetrachloride (MCL 5 ug/L) —Triohloroethyfene ilMCL 5 ug/L) Dashed Where Inferred ~ D \v [, I .: ::: Richla~nd North ~ ' - ,, Area 2 4 B B I ~ ~ f f I 1 1 1 1 O t 2 3 4 5 mbs fo kilomffto. f; C`sfn ffffmefh_OD2 50pta?mefrfr iS, l99B 2:32 FM ( o I o r P a t e s

- ~ . l.— ~ . - - ~- Cs-137 Concentration (pCUg) 0.1 1 10 100 1~000 10,000 PLATE 4 Oblique view (looking from below the tanks toward the surface) showing cesium-137 contamination beneath the SX tank farm in 200 East Area at Hanford. Elevation is shown in feet above mean sea level, and the visible tanks are numbered with the prefix SX-. SOURCE Richland Operations Office. OF PLATE 5 Photo of mercury found in soils at the Y- 12 Plant at the Oak Ridge Site. SOURCE: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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Research Needs in Subsurface Science provides an overview of the subsurface contamination problems across the DOE complex and shows by examples from the six largest DOE sites (Hanford Site, Idaho Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Nevada Test Site, Oak Ridge Reservation, Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, and Savannah River Site) how advances in scientific and engineering knowledge can improve the effectiveness of the cleanup effort. This report analyzes the current Environmental Management (EM) Science Program portfolio of subsurface research projects to assess the extent to which the program is focused on DOE's contamination problems. This analysis employs an organizing scheme that provides a direct linkage between basic research in the EM Science Program and applied technology development in DOE's Subsurface Contaminants Focus Area.

Research Needs in Subsurface Science also reviews related research programs in other DOE offices and other federal agencies (see Chapter 4) to determine the extent to which they are focused on DOE's subsurface contamination problems. On the basis of these analyses, this report singles out the highly significant subsurface contamination knowledge gaps and research needs that the EM Science Program must address if the DOE cleanup program is to succeed.

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