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Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution (2000)

Chapter: Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
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Appendixes

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
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APPENDIX A
Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies

STATEMENT OF TASK

The committee will recommend actions that can help managers to achieve short-term reductions of eutrophication. The committee will:

  • assess how coastal and watershed processes and their interactions affect eutrophication of coastal ecosystems;

  • recommend ways to improve coordination and effectiveness of ongoing research, monitoring, and management activities being conducted at the federal, state, and local levels;

  • identify means to remove barriers that impede implementation of existing techniques to reduce coastal eutrophication; and

  • evaluate the effectiveness of existing strategies for monitoring watersheds, atmospheric deposition, and coastal areas and for managing watersheds.

The committee will also recommend actions that could provide a basis for better watershed management to reduce coastal eutrophication in the future. The committee will:

  • delineate potential watershed management approaches for reducing eutrophication and its impacts on coastal ecosystems; and

  • identify research needs for better understanding eutrophication

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×

and its effects, particularly focused on reducing the uncertainties in existing models and other methods.

The study committee will evaluate models now used for coastal eutrophication management and will evaluate process-based models as a possible next step for achieving better predictions in the future when watersheds are subjected to changing land-use patterns, global climate variations, and other factors.

COMMITTEE AND STAFF BIOGRAPHIES

Committee Chairman:

Robert Howarth earned a Ph.D. in oceanography from the MIT/Woods Hole Oceanographic Joint Program in 1979, and has been a professor of ecology at Cornell University since 1991. He also co-chairs the International SCOPE Nitrogen Project. His research interests include controls on nitrogen fixation, causes and consequences of eutrophication in estuaries, interaction of biogeochemical cycles, and global and regional analysis of the nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus cycles.

Committee Members:

Donald M. Anderson earned a Ph.D. in aquatic sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. His research interests include phytoplankton physiological ecology, red tides and other bloom phenomena, ciguatera, dinoflagellate toxins, dinoflagellate resting cysts, and molecular and immunological probes. Dr. Anderson is a Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and also serves as the Director of the National Office for Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algal Blooms.

Thomas Church earned a Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 1970. He is a professor at the University of Delaware. His research interests include the transport of continental emissions to the ocean environment (with emphasis on atmospheric deposition), the chemistry of marine precipitation and deposition of trace elements to the marine environment, sedimentary geochemistry, and marine chemistry.

Holly Greening earned an M.S. from Florida State University in 1980. She has been a senior scientist at the Tampa Bay National Estuary Program since 1991. Her responsibilities there include coordinating state, federal, and university researchers and resource managers investigating

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×

the impacts of stormwater runoff. Her research interests include freshwater inflow, atmospheric deposition, and watershed management.

Charles Hopkinson, Jr. earned a Ph.D. in marine science from Louisiana State University in 1979. He is a senior scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Massachusetts). Dr. Hopkinson’s research interests include wetland and aquatic ecology, nutrient cycling in marine and fresh water systems, and ecological modeling.

Wayne Huber earned a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1968, and has been professor of civil, construction, and environmental engineering at Oregon State University since 1991. His research interests are in the areas of urban hydrology, stormwater management, and transport processes related to water quality.

Nancy Marcus earned her Ph.D. in biological oceanography from Yale University in 1976. She is an oceanographer with expertise in the evolution, ecology and population genetics of marine zooplankton, and developmental responses of organisms to environmental change. Dr. Marcus, a member of the Ocean Studies Board, is a professor at Florida State University.

Robert Naiman earned his Ph.D. from Arizona State University in 1974. His research interests include the ecology of streams and rivers from a watershed perspective, landscape ecology, and the role of large animals in influencing ecosystem dynamics. Dr. Naiman has been a professor in the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington since 1988.

Kathleen Segerson earned a Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1984. Her research interests include the use of natural resource economics and law in the compensation of takings, the economic implications of environmental management techniques, and the use of economic incentives in resource policy. Dr. Segerson is a professor of economics at the University of Connecticut.

Andrew Sharpley earned a Ph.D. in soil science from Massey University, New Zealand in 1977. His research investigates the cycling of phosphorus in soil-plant-water systems in relation to soil productivity and water quality and includes the management of fertilizers, animal manures, and crop residues. He focuses on achieving results that are both economically beneficial to farmers and environmentally sound to the general public. Dr. Sharpley is a soil scientist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×

Agricultural Research Service’s, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory in University Park, Pennsylvania.

William Wiseman, Jr. earned his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University in 1969. His research interests include coastal and estuarine dynamics, and the interactions of physical processes with both biological and geological processes in coastal and estuarine environments. Dr. Wiseman is the director of the Coastal Studies Institute and professor of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University.

Staff:

Dan Walker (Study Director), received his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Tennessee in 1990. He is currently a Senior Program Officer with the Ocean Studies Board of the National Research Council. Since joining the Ocean Studies Board in 1995, he has directed a number of studies including Science for Decisionmaking: Coastal and Marine Geology at the U.S. Geological Survey (1999), Global Ocean Sciences: Toward an Integrated Approach (1998), and The Global Ocean Observing System: Users, Benefits, and Priorities (1997). A former member of the both the Kentucky and North Carolina state geologic surveys, Dr. Walker’s interests focus on the value of environmental information for policymaking at local, state, and national levels.

Chris Elfring is a Senior Program Officer with the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB). In her work with the WSTB, she has directed almost two dozen studies including New Strategies for America’s Watersheds (1999), A New Era for Irrigation (1996), Flood Risk Management and the American River Basin (1995), Water Transfers in the West: Efficiency, Equity, and the Environment (1992), and Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems (1989). Prior to her work at the Academy, Ms. Elfring worked at Congress’s Office of Technology Assessment. She first came to Washington as an AAAS Congressional Fellow (1979-80). Her primary areas of interest include watershed management, water allocation issues, public lands management, the environmental impacts of agriculture, and alternative dispute resolution.

Jodi Bachim received her B.S. in zoology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1998. She is currently a Project Assistant with the Ocean Studies Board.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 347
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 348
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 349
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 350
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 351
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee and Staff Biographies." National Research Council. 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9812.
×
Page 352
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Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead.

Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication.

Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined.

In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

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