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Adding It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics (2001)
Center for Education (CFE)

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. "6 Developing Proficiency with Whole Numbers." Adding It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001.

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Adding + It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics

Table 6–1

Addition and Subtraction Problem Types

Problem Type

 

Join

(Result Unknown)

(Change Unknown)

(Start Unknown)

 

Connie had 5 marbles. Juan gave her 8 more marbles. How many marbles does Connie have altogether?

Connie has 5 marbles. How many more marbles does she need to have 13 marbles altogether?

Connie had some marbles. Juan gave her 5 more. Now she has 13 marbles. How many marbles did Connie have to start with?

Separate

(Result Unknown)

(Change Unknown)

(Start Unknown)

 

Connie had 13 marbles. She gave 5 to Juan. How many marbles does Connie have left?

Connie had 13 marbles. She gave some to Juan. Now she has 5 marbles left. How many marbles did Connie give to Juan?

Connie had some marbles. She gave 5 to Juan. Now she has 8 marbles left. How many marbles did Connie have to start with?

Part-

Part-

(Whole Unknown)

 

(Part Unknown)

Whole

Connie has 5 red marbles and 8 blue marbles. How many marbles does she have altogether?

 

Connie has 13 marbles: 5 are red and the rest are blue. How many blue marbles does Connie have?

Compare

(Difference Unknown)

(Compare Quantity Unknown)

(Referent Unknown)

 

Connie has 13 marbles. Juan has 5 marbles. How many more marbles does Connie have than Juan?

Juan has 5 marbles. Connie has 8 more than Juan. How many marbles does Connie have?

Connie has 13 marbles. She has 5 more marbles than Juan. How many marbles does Juan have?

 

SOURCE: Carpenter, Fennema, Franke, Levi, and Empson, 1999, p. 12. Used by permission of Heinemann. All rights reserved.

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