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ADDRESSING THE NATION'S CHANGING NEEDS FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS
TABLE G-4 Characteristics of the Science and Engineering Workforce in the Basic Biomedical Sciences
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
Total
40639
44727
49827
54660
58118
63194
67341
72142
74405
79497
82983
92955
Men
34110
37141
41166
44350
46429
49956
52565
55318
55712
58424
59925
65716
Women
6529
7586
8661
10310
11689
13238
14776
16824
18693
21030
23095
27239
Minorities a
1076
1171
1286
1592
1561
1862
1950
2251
2805
3048
3410
3943
Citizens
38187
41756
46158
51499
55337
60153
64015
68451
70501
74398
76570
84887
Permanent residents
1118
1340
1807
2291
2192
2359
2646
2807
2709
3653
5091
4922
Temporary residents
796
1080
1669
503
331
473
581
884
997
1431
1322
1466
Tenured faculty
13376
14345
15636
17836
18884
20114
19157
19755
17106
19151
19487
20326
Tenure track, not tenured
8854
9170
5952
6446
5673
6644
6149
5872
7556
7683
8259
8974
Total academics
27219
29889
33188
36165
36797
39307
41027
43572
40581
45247
48568
53026
Tenured or tenure-track faculty
22230
23515
21588
24282
24557
26758
25306
25627
24662
26834
27746
29300
Nontenure-track faculty
668
1057
4476
3586
3953
3696
5974
6235
4010
5386
5713
6822
Academic postdoctorates
2615
3507
4358
4722
4405
4450
4784
5993
4819
6401
7693
9620
Other academics
1706
1810
3092
3575
3882
4403
4963
5717
7090
6626
7427
7296
Total industry b
5326
5583
6313
7951
9635
11967
13588
15582
18513
19950
19434
22204
Industry professionals
5273
5543
6286
7881
9589
11841
13366
15376
18309
19579
18903
21643
Industry postdoctorates
53
40
27
70
46
126
222
206
204
371
531
561
Total government
4030
4250
4776
4831
5287
5399
6254
6290
6589
7200
7185
8649
Government professionals
3785
3914
4449
4545
4843
5026
5725
5776
6157
6154
6074
7212
Government postdoctorates
245
336
327
286
444
373
529
514
432
1046
1111
1437
Other sectors of employment
3055
3436
4103
4303
4657
5043
4847
5034
5984
4072
3790
5602
a African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans; tabulations include U.S. citizens and permanent residents only.
b Including those who are self-employed.
SOURCE: Data are from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients.