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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Attracting IT workers, 188-201 improved recruitment and retention, 194-199 increased use of overtime, 189-194 Attributes of IT workers, essential versus optional, 199-201 Availability of foreign IT workers to U.S. firms, 177-184 competition for foreign workers, 178-179 locating IT work abroad, 179-184 BBaccalaureate level, formal education at, 10-11, 228-240 Bachelor's degrees awarded in computer science, xi, 82 Category 1 IT workforce majority holding, 67-68 two-year turnover rates for IT and non-IT workers with, 95 Barriers to employers providing enough training, 297-298 Basic concepts supporting IT, understanding of needed for IT work, 56 Being Fluent with Information Technology , 292 Biotechnology, 317-330 and bioinformatics, 319-321, 328 global nature of sector, 321 impact on the economy, 321-324 number of companies and their valuation, 322-323 relationship to the pharmaceutical industry, 322-323 short history of, 317-318 similarities to and differences from IT industries, 329-330 Biotechnology Industry Organization, 318 Biotechnology workforce, 324-329 foreign worker participation in, 327 growth in, 324 trends in, 327-329 Black colleges and universities differences in the number of science, engineering, and IT-related graduates, from majority institutions , 238-239 lessons from, in promoting IT-related study, 238-239 BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics BSFs. See Business supply firms Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 44, 79n, 84, 86, 101, 104-105, 338 IT labor market survey data from, 140-146, 301 job projections from, 110, 120-122 Bureau of National Affairs, 96n Business See IT sector;. U.S. IT firms Business models, for third-party use of nonimmigrant foreign labor , 166-167 Business supply firms (BSFs), model for third-party use of nonimmigrant foreign labor, 167 CC++ programmers, 142, 262, 264 Carnegie Technology Education (CTE), 248 Category 1 IT work, 4-7, 47-48 defining, 48 Category 1 IT workforce, 51-54, 66-68 age distribution of, 141 average annual increase in income for, 71 changes in employment for, 65 compensation in, 68-79 demographics of, 66-68 difficulty understanding composition of non-U.S, citizen portion of, 67 distribution by employment sector, 68 distribution by size of employer, 83 estimates of size of, 63, 331-343 majority holding at least a bachelor's degree, 67-68 numbers growing, 61-65 numbers in industrial employment by size of company, 83 older and younger workers in, 142-146 Category 2 IT work, 4-7 defining, 49 Category 2 IT workforce, 49, 51-54, 85-90 annual changes in mean wages for, 90 characteristics of, 85-90 educational background of, 85-86 growth in mean wages, 90 percentage of females, 90 percentage of foreign-born, 87
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