Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 76
References
ACGTH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
1997. Methyl Bromide in: Supplements to the Sixth Edition Documenta-
tion of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices.
Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
American Biogenics Corporation. 1986. Two-Generation Reproduction
Study Via Inhalation in Albino Rats Using Methyl Bromide. Study 450-
~ 525. Submitted to Methyl Bromide Panel, c/o Great Lakes Chemical Cor-
poration, W. Lafayette, IN. American Biogenics Corporation, Decatur, IL.
Anger, K.W., L. Moody, I. Burg, W.S. Brightwell, B.~. Taylor, I.M. Russo, N.
Dickerson, J.V. Setzer, B.~. Johnson and K. Hicks. 1986. Neurobehavior-
al evaluation of soil and structural fumigators using methyl bromide and
sulfuryIfluoride. Neurotoxicology 7~3~:137-156.
Bentley, K.S. 1994. Detection of Single Strand Breaks in Rat Testicular
DNA by Alkaline ETution Following in Vivo Inhalation Exposure to
Methyl Bromide. Haskell Laboratory Report No. 54-94. Chemical Manu-
facturers Association. DPR Vol. 123 - ~ ~ ~ # 1 623 62.
Biermann, H.W. and T. Barry. 1999. Evaluation of Charcoal Tube and
SUMMA Canister Recoveries for Methyl Bromide Air Sampling. Environ-
mental and Pest Management Branch. DPR. EH99-02 (Appendix K of
DPR 1999~.
Bond, I.A., J.S. Dutcher, M.A. Medinsky, R.F. Henderson, and L.S.
Birnbaum. 1985. Disposition of i4C methyl bromide in rats after inhala-
tion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78~2~:259-267.
Bonnefoi, M.S., C.~. Davenport, and K.T. Morgan. 1991. Metabolism and
toxicity of methyl iodide in primary dissociated neural cell cultures.
Neurotoxicology. 12~1~:33-46.
76
OCR for page 77
REFERENCES 77
Breslin, Wet., C.~. Zablotny, G.~. Bradley, K.D. Nitschke, and L.G. Lomax.
1990a. Methyl Bromide Inhalation Teratology Probe Study in New Zea-
land White Rabbits. Final Report. K-000681-032. Study prepared by The
Toxicology Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
M] for The Methyl Bromide Industry Panel, Chemical Manufacturers As-
sociation, Washington, DC.
Breslin, W.~., C.~. Zablotny, G.~. Bradley, and L.G. Lomax. 199Ob. Methyl
Bromide Inhalation Teratology Study in New Zealand White Rabbits. Final
Report. K-000681-033. Study prepared by The Toxicology Research Lab-
oratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI for The Methyl Bro-
mide Industry Panel, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington,
DC.
Busey, W.M. ~ 993. Neuropathological Evaluation of Brains from F0 and Fl
Rats in Two-generation Reproduction Study with Methyl Bromide Pathol-
ogy Report. EPL project number 303-007. DPR Vol. 123-153 #125516.
Chahoud, I., A. Ligensa, L. Dietzel and A.S. Faqi. ~ 999. Correlation between
maternal toxicity and embryo/fetal effects. Reprod. Toxicol. 13~5~:375-
381.
Cullen, A.C. and H.C. Frey. 1999. Probabilistic Techniques in Exposure As-
sessment. A Handbook for Dealing with Variability and Uncertainty in
Models and Inputs. New York: Plenum Press.
Disse, M., F. Joo, H. Schulz and I.R. Wolff. 1996. Prenatal exposure to so-
dium bromide affects the postnatal growth and brain development. I.
Hirnorsch. 37~10~: 127- ~ 34.
DjalaTi-Behzad, G., S. Hussain, S. Osterman-Golkar, and D. Segerback. ~ 98 ~ .
Estimation of genetic risks of alkylating agents. VI. Exposure of mice and
bacteria to methyl bromide. Mutat. Res. 84~1~: I-9.
Donahue, J.M. 1997. DPR letters dated November 12. (Letters were sent to
six MB registrants requesting data on frequency and duration of exposure).
WH&S. DPR.
DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation). 1992. Toxicology Review
Prompts Changes in Structural Fumigations. Release no. 92-07. Depart-
ment of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency.
DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation). 1999. Methyl Bromide, Risk
Characterization Document for Inhalation Exposure. Draft RCD 99-02. De-
partment of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection
Agency. October 1999.
Driscoll, C.D. and I.M. Huriey. 1993. Methyl Bromide: Single Exposure Va-
por Inhalation Neurotoxicity Study in Rats. Lab. Project ID 92NIl97.
Study prepared by Bushy Run Research Center, Union Carbide Chemicals
and Plastics Company, Export, PA for The Methyl Bromide Industry
Panel, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC.
OCR for page 78
78 METHYL BROMIDE RISK CHARACTERIZATIONIN CALIFORNIA
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).1989. Risk Assessment Guid-
ance for Superfund, Vol. I. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A.
EPA/540/-9/002. Washington, DC: EPA, Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). ~ 99 ~ . Guidelines for Develop-
mental Toxicity Risk Assessment. EPA/600/FR-91/001. Washington, DC:
EPA, Office of Research and Development.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). ~ 994. Methods for Derivation
of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Do-
simetry. EPA/600/~-90/066F. Washington, D.C.: EPA, Office of Research
and Development.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. User's Guide for the
Industrial Source Complex (TSC3) Dispersion Models. Volume 1. User
Instructions. U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards; Emi-
ssions, Monitoring and Analysis Division, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Online. Available: www.epa.~ov/ttn/scram/
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. The Particle TEAM
(PTEAM) Study: Analysis of the Data: Final Report. Volume ITI.
EPA/600/R-95/098. Research Triangle Park, NC: EPA, Office of Research
and Development.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Good Elaborator Prac-
tices. 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 160.
Eustis, S.~., S.B. Haber, R.T. Drew, and R.S. Yang. 1988. Toxicology and
pathology of methyl bromide in F344 rats and B6C3FT mice following re-
peated inhalation exposure. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. ~ 1~4~:594-610.
Gansewendt, B., U. Foest, D. Xu, E. Hallier, H.M. Bolt, and H. Peter. 1991.
Formation of DNA abducts in F-344 rats after oral administration or inha-
lation of tt4C] methyl bromide. Food Chem. Toxicol. 29~:557-563.
Gamier, R., M.O. Rambourg-Schepens, A. Muller and E. Hallier. 1996.
Glutathione transferase activity and formation of macromolecular abducts
in two cases of acute methyl bromide poisoning. Occup. Environ. Med.
53~3~:21 I-215.
Gibbons, D.B., H.R. Fong, R. Segawa, S. Powell and I. Ross. 1996a. Methyl
Bromide Concentrations in Air Downwind During Aeration of Fumigated
Single-Family Houses. HS-1713. March 20, 1996. Worker Health and
Safety Branch. Department of Pesticide Regulation. California Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA.
Gibbons, D.B., H.R. Fong, R. Segawa, S. Powell, and I. Ross. 1996b. Methyl
Bromide Concentrations in Air Near Fumigated Single-Family Houses.
HS- 1717. March 20,1996. Worker Health and Safety Branch. Department
of Pesticide Regulation. California Environmental Protection Agency.
Sacramento, CA.
OCR for page 79
REFERENCES 79
Gotoh, K., T. Nishizawa, T. Yamaguchi, H. Kanou, T. Kasai, M. Ohsawa, H.
Ohbayashi, S. Also, N. {kawa, S. Yamamoto, T. Noguchi, K. Nagano, M.
Enomoto, K. Nozaki, and H. Sakabe. 1994. Two-Year Toxicological and
Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Bromide in F344 rats and BDFl Mice.
Proceedings of the Second Asia-Pacific Symposium on Environmental and
Occupational Health held 22-24 July, 1993 in Kobe, Japan.
Hallier, E., S. Deutschmann, C. Reichel, H.M. Bolt and H. Peter. 1990. A
comparative investigation of the metabolism of methyl bromide and methyl
iodide in human erythrocytes. Tnt. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 62~3~:
221 -225.
Hallier, E., T. Langhof, D. Dannappel, M. Leutbecher, K. Schroder, H.W.
Goergens, A. Muller and H.M. BoTt. ~ 993. Polymorphism of glutathione
conjugation of methyl bromide, ethylene oxide and dichIoromethane in hu-
man blood: influence on the induction of sister chromatic exchanges (SCE)
in Tymphocytes. Arch. Toxicol. 67~3~: ~ 73- ~ 78.
Hardisty, J.F. 1992. Histopathological Evaluation of Brains From Rats-Inha-
lationStudyofMethyI-Bromide. EPLprojectnumber303-007. DPR Vol.
123-142 #113606.
Haskell, D. ~ 988a. Methyl bromide fumigation with various commodities. A
memorandum dated May ~ ~ to Thomas Thongsinthusak. WH&S, DPR.
HSM-98003.
Haskell, D. 1988b. Response to DAR request for additional information re-
garding frequency and duration of methy] bromide fumigations. A memo-
randum date August 24 to Thomas Thongsinthusak. WH&S, DAR. HSM-
98006.
Hattis, D. and E. Anderson. 1999. What should be the implications of uncer-
tainty, variability, and inherent 'biases'/'conservatism' for risk manage-
ment decision making? Risk Anal. 19~:95-107.
Hattis, D. and K. Bariow. 1996. Human interindividual variability in cancer
risks--technical and management challenges. Human Ecol. Risk Asssess
2~: 194-220.
Hattis, D. and D.E. Burmaster. 1994. Assessment of variability and uncer-
tainty distributions for practical risk analyses. Risk Anal. 14~5~:713-730.
Honma, T., M. Miyagawa, and M. Sato. 1987. Methyl bromide alters
catecholamine and metabolite concentrations in rat brain. Neurotoxicol.
Teratol. 9~5~:3 69-375.
Honma, T., M. Miyagawa, and M. Sato. 1991. Inhibition of tyrosine hydrox-
ylase activity by methyl bromide exposure. Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
13(1): 1-4.
Honma, T., A Sudo, M. Miyagawa, M. Sato, and H. Hasegawa. 1982. Signif-
icant changes in monoamines in rat brain induced by exposure to methyl
bromide. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 4~5~:521-524.
OCR for page 80
80 METHYL BROMIDE RISK CHARY CTERIZA TION IN CALIFORNIA
Hurtt, M.E., D.A. Thomas, P.K. Working, T.M. Monticello, and K.T. Morgan.
1988. Degeneration and regeneration of the olfactory epithelium following
inhalation exposure to methyl bromide: Pathology, cell kinetics, and olfac-
toryfunction. Toxicol.Appl.Pha~acol. 94~2~:311-328.
Jaskot, R.H., E.C. Grose, B.M. Most, M.G. Menache, T.B. Williams, and A.
Roycroft. 1988. The distribution and toxicological effects of inhaled
methyl bromide in the rat. I. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 7~5~:631-642.
Kaneda, M., N. Hatakenaka S. Teramoto, and K. Malta. ~ 993. A two-genera-
tion reproduction study in rats with methyl bromide-fumigated diets. Food
Chem. Toxicol. 31~:533-542.
Kaneda, M., H. Hojo, S. Teramoto, and K. Malta. 1998. Oral teratogenicity
studies of methyl bromide in rats and rabbits. Food Chem. Toxicol.
36~5~:421-427.
Khera, K.S. 1984. Maternal toxicity: a possible factor in fetal malformations
in mice. Teratology 29~3~:41 ~ - ~ 6.
Khera, K.S., H.C. Grice HC, and D.~. Clegg, eds. 1989. Current Issues in
Toxicology, Interpretation and Extrapolation of Reproductive Data to Es-
tablish Human Safety Standards. New York: Springer.
Kornburst, K.S., and I.S. Bus. ~983. The role of glutathione and cytochrome
P-450 in the metabolism of methyl chloride. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
67~2~:246-56.
Kramers, P.G., C.E. Voog6, A.G. Knaap, and C.A. van der HeijUen. 1985.
Mutagenicity of methyl bromide in a series of short-term test. Mutat. Res.
155~1-2~:41 -47.
McGregor, D.B. 1981. Tie or Mutagenic Screening of 13 NIOSH Priority
Compounds. National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Tnveresk
Research Int. Ltd. DAR Vol. 123-103 #66718, #66719, #66720, #66721,
and #66722.
Medinsky, M.A., I.A. Bond, J.S. Dutcher, and L.S. Birnbaum. 1984. Dispo-
sition of tl4C] methyl bromide in Fischer-344 rats after oral or
intraperitoneal administration. Toxicology. 32~34: ~ 87- ~ 96.
Medinsly, M.A., J.S. Dutcher, J.A. Bond, R.F. Henderson, I. L. Mauderly,
M.B. Snipes, J.A. Mewhinney, Y.S. Cheng, and I,.S. Birnbaum. 1985.
Uptake and excretion of ti4C] methyl bromide as influenced by exposure
concentration. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78~24:215-225.
Mertens, I.~.W.M. ~ 997. A 24-Month Chronic Dietary Study of Methyl Bro-
mide in Rats. Laboratory Study no. WIL-49014. WTE Research Laborato-
ries. DAR Vol. 123- 179 # 158746.
Michalodimitrakis, M.N., A.M. Tsatsakis, M.G. Christakis-Hampsas, N.
Trikillis, and P. Christodoulou. 1997. Death following intentional methyl
bromide poisoning: toxicological data and literature review. Vet. Hum.
Toxicol. 39~1~:30-34.
OCR for page 81
REFERENCES 81
Mitsumori, K., K. Maita, T. Kosaka, T. Miyaoka, and Y. Shirasu. 1990.
Two-year oral chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats of diets
fumigated with methyl bromide. Food Chem. Toxicol. 22:109- 19.
Moriya, M., T. Ohta, K. Watanabe, T. Miyazawa, K. Kato, Y. Shirasu. 1983.
Further mutagenicity studies on pesticides in bacterial reversion assay sys-
tems. Mutat. Res. 116~3-4~: 185-216.
Mortelmans, K.E., and G.F. Shepherd. 1980. In Vitro Microbiological Mi-
totic Recombination Assay of Methyl Bromide Using S. cereisiae D3. SR]
International. DAR Vol. ~ 23-044 #9 ~ 3095.
NRC (National Research Council). 1991. Human Exposure Assessment for
Airborne Pollutants: Advances and Opportunities. Washington, DC: Na-
tional Academy Press.
NRC (National Research Council). 1993. Pesticides in the Diets of Infants
and Children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Science and Judgement in Risk
Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nelson, H.H., I.K. Wiencke, D.C. Christiani, TV. Cheng, Z.F. Zuo, B.S.
Schwartz, B.K. Lee, M.R. Spitz, M. Wang, X. Xu, et al. 1995. Ethnic dif-
ferences in the prevalence of the homozygous deleted genotype of glutathi-
one S-transferase theta. Carcinogenesis 16~5~: 1243-1245.
Newton, P.E. 1994a. An Up-and-Down Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study of
Methyl Bromide in the Dog. Study no. 93-6067 prepared by Pharmaco
LSR, East Millstone, N] for Chemical Manufacturers Association, Wash-
ington, DC.
Newton, P.E. 1994b. A Four Week Inhalation Toxicology Study of Methyl
Bromide in the Dog. Study no. 93-6068 prepared by Pha~maco LSR, East
Millstone, N] for Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC.
Newton, P.E. 1996. A Chronic (12-Month) Toxicity Study of Methyl Bro-
mide Fumigated Feed in the Dog. Study no. 94-3186. Huntingdon Life
Science. DAR Vol. 123-175. #143945.
NTP. (National Toxicology Program). ~ 992. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
Studies of Methyl Bromide (CAS No. 74-83-9) in B6C3F! Mice (Tnhala-
tion Studies). Tech. Rep. Series No. 385. Research Triangle Park: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Na-
tional Institutes of Health.
OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). ~993. Prop-
osition 65: Safe Use Determination Workshop for Methyl Bromide (Tues-
day November 30, 1993.) Transcript. California Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 205 pp.
OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). ~ 999. Com-
OCR for page 82
82 METHYL BROMIDE RISK CHARA CTERIZA TION IN CALIFORNIA
meets on the Department of Pesticide Regulation's Draft Risk Character-
ization Document for Inhalation Exposure to the Active Ingredient Methyl
Bromide. From Anna M. Fan, California Office of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment, to Gary T. Patterson, California Department of Pesti-
cide Regulation, September i, ~ 999 (Appendix I, of DPR ~ 999~.
Overstreet, D.H., R.W. Russell, B.~. Vasquez, and F.W. Daiglish. 1974. In-
volvement of muscarinic and nictonic receptors in behavioral tolerance to
DFP. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2~1~:45-54.
Peter, H., S. Deutschmann, C. Reichel, and E. Hallier. 1989. Metabolism of
methyl chloride by human erythrocytes. Arch. Toxicol. 63~5~:351-5.
Putnam, D.L. and M.~. Morris. 1991. Micronucleus Cytogenetic Assay in
Mice. Microbiological Assoc. Tnc. DAR Vol. 123-136 #99090.
Raabe, O.G. 1986. Inhalation Uptake of Selected Chemical Vapors at Trace
Levels. University of California, Davis, CA. Submitted to The Biological
Effects of Research Section, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento,
CA.
Raabe, O.G. 1988. Retention and Metabolism of Toxics. Inhalation uptake
of Xenobiotic Vapors by People. University of California, Davis, CA.
Submitted to The Biological Effects Research Section, California Air Re-
sources Board, Sacramento, CA.
Reuzel, P.G.~., C.F. Kuper, H.C. Dreef-van der MeuTen, V.M.H. Hollanders.
1987. Chronic (29-Month) Inhalation Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Study
of Methyl Bromide in Rats. Report No. V86.469/221044. Zeist, The Neth-
erIands: TNO-CIVO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute.
Reuzel, P.G.~., H.C. Dreef-van der Meulen, V.M.H. Hollanders, C.F. Kuper,
V.~. Feron, and C.A. and van der HeijUen. 1991. Chronic Inhalation Tox-
icity and Carcinogenicity Study of Methyl Bromide in Wistar Rats. Food
Chem.Toxicol. 29~1~:31-39.
Rosenblum, I., A.A. Stein, and G. Eisinger. 1960. Chronic ingestion by dogs
of methyl bromide-fumigated food. Arch. Environ. Health 1 :3 ~6-323.
Segawa, R., T. Barry, anal B. Johnson. 2000a. Recommendations for Methyl
Bromide Buffer Zones for Field Fumigations. Memo to John S. Sanders,
Chief, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, Depart-
ment of Pesticide Regulation, January 21, 2000.
Segawa, R., B. Johnson, and T. Barry. 2000b. Summary of off-site air moni-
toring for methyl bromide field fumigations. Memo to John S. Sanders,
Chief, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, Depart-
ment of Pesticide Regulation, January 21, 2000.
Seiber, J.N. 1999. Letter to Douglas Y. Okumura, Acting Assistant Director,
Division of Enforcement, Environmental Monitoring and Data Manage-
OCR for page 83
REFERENCES 83
meet, Department of Pesticide Regulation. Comments on report, Evaluation
of Charcoal Tube and SUMMA Canister Recoveries for Methyl Bromide
Air Monitoring, from James N. Seiber, University of Nevada, May 5,
1999.
Sikov, M.R., W.C. Cannon, D.B. Carr, R.A. Miller, L.F. Montgomery, and
D.W. Phelps. 1981. Teratologic Assessment of Butylene Oxide, Styrene
Oxide and Methyl Bromide. Contract no. 210-78-0025. Battelle, Pacific
Northwest Lab. Submitted to the Division of Biomedical and Behavioral
Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. De-
partment of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH.
Simmon, V.F., K. Kauhanen, R.G. Tardiff. 1977. Mutagenic activity of
chemicals identified in drinking water. Pp.249-258 in: Progress in Genetic
Toxicology, D. Scott, B.A. Bridges, and F.H. Sobels, eds. Amsterdam:
Elsevier/North Holland Biodmedical Press. DAR Vol ~ 23- 109 #87801.
Stadler, J., M.~. Kesse~jian, and I. Perraud. 1983. Use of the New Zealand
white rabbit in terato~ogy: Incidence of spontaneous and drug-induced mal-
formations. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21~5~:631-636.
Thompson, K.M. 1999. Developing univariate distributions from data for
risk analysis. Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 5~4~:755-783.
Thongsinthusak, T., D. Haskell, and I. Ross. 1999. Estimation of exposure of
persons to methyl bromide during and/or after agricultural and non-agricul-
tural uses. California Environmental Protection Agency, Depa~lment of
Pesticide Regulation. HS- 1659 (Appendix F of DPR ~ 999~.
Tyl, R. 1991. Comments on Methyl Bromide Inhalation Teratology Study in
New Zealand White Rabbits, W.~. Breslin, C.~. Zablotny, G.~. Bradley,
and L.G. Lomax, Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environ-
mental Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI: Study No.
K-000681-033, Final Report, June 1S, 1990 by R.W. Tyl, Senior Program
Director, Research Triangle Institute to Dr. R. Franklin Handy, Methyl
Bromide Tndustry Panel, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, dated Febru-
ary25,1991. 31pp.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
pesticide regulation
