NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contracts No. NASW-4938 and NASW-99037 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
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Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
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COMMITTEE ON ADVANCED ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTS
ROBERT E. DEEMER, chair,
Catalina Research, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado
TORA K. BIKSON,
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
ROBERT A. DAVIS,
The Boeing Company (retired), Seattle, Washington
RICHARD T. KOUZES,
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
R. BOWEN LOFTIN,
University of Houston, Houston, Texas
JAMES A. MANISCALCO,
Delphi Automotive Systems, Troy, Michigan
ROBERT J. SANTORO,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park
DANIEL P. SCHRAGE,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
ALLAN SHERMAN,
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Sunnyvale, California
JOHN SULLIVAN,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
GORDON WILLIS,
Gordon Willis Associates, Ann Arbor, Michigan
MICHAEL J. ZYDA,
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California
Liaison from the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
DIANNE S. WILEY,
The Boeing Company, Long Beach, California
Staff
ALAN ANGLEMAN, Study Director,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
CAROL R. ARENBERG, Editor,
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
DOUGLAS BENNETT, Research Associate,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
LANCE DAVIS, Acting Director,
National Academy of Engineering Program Office
ALAN INOUYE, Program Officer,
Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
GEORGE LEVIN, Director,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
JENNIFER PINKERMAN, Research Associate,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
PROCTOR REID, Associate Director,
National Academy of Engineering Program Office
JERRY SHEEHAN, Senior Program Officer,
Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
MARVIN WEEKS, Administrative Assistant,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ENGINEERING BOARD
WILLIAM W. HOOVER, chair,
U.S. Air Force (retired), Williamsburg, Virginia
A. DWIGHT ABBOTT,
Aerospace Corporation (retired), Palos Verdes Estates, California
RUZENA K. BAJSCY,
NAE, IOM, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
WILLIAM F. BALLHAUS, JR.,
NAE, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland
ANTHONY J. BRODERICK,
Aviation Safety Consultant, Catlett, Virginia
AARON COHEN,
NAE, Texas A&M University, College Station
DONALD L. CROMER,
U.S. Air Force (retired), Lompoc, California
HOYT DAVIDSON,
Donaldson, Lufkin, and Jenrette, New York, New York
ROBERT A. DAVIS,
The Boeing Company (retired), Blaine, Washington
JOSEPH FULLER, JR.,
Futron Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland
ROBERT C. GOETZ,
Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, Santa Clarita, California
RICHARD GOLASZEWSKI,
GRA Inc., Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
JAMES M. GUYETTE,
Rolls-Royce North America, Reston, Virginia
FREDERICK H. HAUCK,
AXA Space, Bethesda, Maryland
JOHN K. LAUBER,
Airbus Industrie of North America, Washington, D.C.
GEORGE K. MUELLNER,
The Boeing Company, Seal Beach, California
DAVA J. NEWMAN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JAMES G. O'CONNOR,
NAE, Pratt & Whitney (retired), Coventry, Connecticut
WINSTON E. SCOTT,
Florida State University, Tallahassee
KATHRYN C. THORNTON,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
DIANNE S. WILEY,
The Boeing Company, Long Beach, California
RAY A. WILLIAMSON,
George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
Staff
GEORGE LEVIN, Director
Preface
Advanced engineering environments (AEEs) combine advanced, networked computer systems with advanced modeling and simulation technologies. When more fully developed, AEEs will enable teams of researchers, technologists, designers, manufacturers, suppliers, customers, and other users scattered across a continent or the globe to develop new products and carry out new missions with unprecedented effectiveness. Business as usual, however, will not achieve this vision. Government, industry, and academic organizations need to make the organizational and process changes that will enable their staffs to use current and future AEE technologies and systems.
The Committee on Advanced Engineering Environments of the National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering has completed a two-part study of AEEs. Advanced Engineering Environments, the Phase 1 report issued in 1999, identified steps the federal government, industry, and academia could take in the near term to enhance the development of AEE technologies and systems with broad application in the U.S. engineering enterprise. Design in the New Millennium, the Phase 2 report, focuses on the long-term potential of AEE technologies and systems. Appendices A, Appendices B, Appendices C of this report include a complete copy of the statements of task and the findings and recommendations resulting from both phases of the study.
In both the Phase 1 and Phase 2 reports, the committee urges “the government” to take action. The committee was not chartered to determine which federal agency should take the lead in developing AEEs. Currently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Institutes of Health are involved in AEE research and development. The executive branch (e.g., the Office of Management and Budget) should determine which agency should take the lead in carrying out recommendations for government action.
This study was sponsored by NASA and conducted by a committee appointed by the National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering (see Appendix D). The Statement of Task directed the committee to pay particular attention to NASA and the aerospace industry. In most cases, however, the committee determined that issues relevant to NASA and the aerospace industry were also relevant to other organizations involved in the development or use of AEE technologies or systems. Therefore, although some recommendations specifically call for action by NASA, the report was written with a broad audience in mind.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the National Research Council in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
John Alden, Electric Boat Corporation
Elaine Cohen, University of Utah
George Gleghorn, NAE, TRW Space and Technology Group (retired)
Joel Greenberg, Princeton Synergetics
Larry Howell, General Motors Corporation
Suzi Iacono, National Science Foundation
Jeffrey M. Jaffe, Lucent Technologies
David Japikse, NAE, Concepts ETI
Jaron Lanier, Advanced Network and Services, Inc.
Robert Naka, NAE, CERA, Inc.
Henry Pohl, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (retired)
While the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the National Research Council.
The committee also wishes to thank others who supported this study, especially those who took the time to participate in committee meetings (see Appendix E).
Robert E. Deemer, chair
Advanced Engineering Environments Committee
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
TABLES
ES-1 |
High-Level Steps in the Design and Development of Products and Processes, |
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1-1 |
AEE System Components and Characteristics, |
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2-1 |
Current and Future Practices for the Development of Products and Processes, |
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3-1 |
Improvement Areas and Methods of Designing and Developing Products and Processes, |
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4-1 |
Traditional Metrics, |
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B-1 |
Barriers to Achieving the AEE Vision (from the Phase 1 Report), |
FIGURES
2-1 |
Steps in the design and development of products and processes, |
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4-1 |
The lasting effect of legacy systems, |
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4-2 |
Fiscal year 2000 funding for the Information Technology Research Initiative, |
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4-3 |
Comparison of notional cost-time curves for projects using traditional processes and AEEs, |