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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Bay checkerspot (Euphydryas editha bayensis) butterflies, 22 see also specific species Bearded pigs (Sus barbatus), 356 Beech (Fagus sylvatica), 451 see also specific species Belding’s Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi), 319, 323 Belladonna (Atropa belladonna), 84 Bering Sea, 46 Betel-nut palm (Areca catechu), 84 Beza-Mahafaly project, 152 Biodiversity aquatic, 171–172 benefits of, 21, 73, 81–82, 103, 296; see also Drugs and pharmaceuticals, plant-derived causes and consequences of losses, 14, 21–26, 59, 63, 72–73, 131, 197, 231, 263–264, 280–281, 446; see also Deforestation; Habitats destruction Christian view, 481–485 classification, see Taxonomy communicating the importance of, 82, 465–469 costs of research, 102 crises in geologic past, 51–57; see also Extinctions current state, 3–18 in dance, song, story, and poetry, 470–480 diversification, 160, 209–210, 275 economic considerations, 14–16, 79–82, 114–115, 206–210, 212–213, 415, 441, 443; see also Resource economics endemic, see Endemism estimating losses, 10–14, 22, 26, 44, 58–69 ethical considerations, 16, 80–81 extinction, see Extinction; Extinction rates formation, 209 gene pool reductions, 7, 11–12, 22, 32, 81 global role, 3, 10–12, 21–35, 48, 409 human dependence, 3, 21, 58, 81–82, 99 industrial uses, 112 information management, 231–238 interdependence among species, 203, 275 log factor, 169–171 medicinal uses, see Drugs and pharmaceuticals; Medicine; Traditional medicine Mediterranean-climate region, 160–162 megadiversity countries, 145, 152–153 monitoring, 227–230, 231–239, 257–259 patterns, 422–423 prevention of losses, 13–17, 22, 25–26; see also Conservation; Preservation productivity correlation, 42, 44 research goals, needs, and challenges, 14, 38–40, 46 serendipity and exploration, 98–105 species numbers and richness, 3–7, 14, 42, 64–65, 68, 131, 200, 232 structural dynamics, 160, 169–171 taxonomy, see Taxonomy tropical compared to temperate regions, 158–160 urban area, 71–76 valuation, 47, 98–105, 193–222; see also Resource economics Vavilovian centers, 242–243 see also Genetic diversity Biogeography island, 6, 11, 12–13, 29–32, 42, 100, 269–270, 275 shallow-time data use in, 52 Biological engineering, 377–389 Biomass production, 23, 61, 359, 377–386 BioSciences Information Service (BIOSIS), 246 Bird’s beak, salt marsh (Cordylanthus maritimus), 317, 322 Birds African, 251–252 as analogs of filter feeders, 39 artificial insemination, 281, 303 breeding success, 186, 280–282 diurnal raptors, 280–282 diversity, 5, 9, 39, 131, 150, 250, 266 ecology, 22 extinction, 11, 12, 45, 63, 66, 71, 74, 151, 181, 183, 279–288, 317–319 forest habitats, 170 grassland species, 178 ground-nesting, 186 habitat size, 178 human-imprinted, 281 Madagascar, 150
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