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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa (2000)
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (CPSMA)
Space Studies Board (SSB)

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. "2 Europa." Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000.

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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa

5 G.V. Hoppa et al., “Formation of Cycloidal Features on Europa,” Science 285: 1899, 1999.

6 B.M. Jakosky and E.L. Shock, “The Biological Potential of Mars, the Early Earth, and Europa,” Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 19359, 1998.

7 E.J. Gaidos, K.H. Nealson, and J.L. Kirschvink, “Life in Ice-Covered Oceans,” Science 284: 1631, 1999.

8 T.M. McCollom, “Methanogenesis as a Potential Source of Chemical Energy for Primary Biomass Production by Autotrophic Organisms in Hydrothermal Systems on Europa,” Journal of Geophysical Research 104: 30,729, 1999.

9 C.F. Chyba, “Energy for Microbial Life on Europa,” Nature 403: 381, 2000.

10 Space Studies Board, National Research Council, A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999.

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