NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This work was performed under Department of the Navy Contract N00014-96-D-0169/0001 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201-124. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of the Navy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE FOR THE REVIEW OF ONR’S MARINE CORPS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BRUCE WALD,
Center for Naval Analyses,
Chair
ALAN BERMAN,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
A. DOUGLAS CARMICHAEL,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
SABRINA R. EDLOW,
Center for Naval Analyses
BRIG “CHIP” ELLIOTT,
BBN Technologies
CHARLES A. FOWLER,
C.A. Fowler Associates
RAY “M” FRANKLIN,
Port Angeles, Washington
DAVID B. KASSING,
The Arroyo Center, RAND
R. KENNETH LOBB,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
IRWIN MENDELSON,
Singer Island, Florida
HERBERT RABIN,
University of Maryland
DAVID A. RICHWINE,
AFCEA International
CHARLES H. SINEX,
Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University
MICHAEL G. SOVEREIGN,
Monterey, California
JOSEPH ZEIDNER,
Bethesda, Maryland
Staff
CHARLES F. DRAPER, Study Director
SIDNEY G. REED, JR., Consultant
NAVAL STUDIES BOARD
VINCENT VITTO,
Charles S. Draper Laboratory, Inc.,
Chair
JOSEPH B. REAGAN,
Saratoga, California,
Vice Chair
DAVID R. HEEBNER,
McLean, Virginia,
Past Chair
ALBERT J. BACIOCCO, JR.,
The Baciocco Group, Inc.
ARTHUR B. BAGGEROER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ALAN BERMAN,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
NORMAN E. BETAQUE,
Logistics Management Institute
JAMES P. BROOKS,
Litton/Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc.
NORVAL L. BROOME,
Mitre Corporation
JOHN D. CHRISTIE,
Logistics Management Institute
RUTH A. DAVID,
Analytic Services, Inc.
PAUL K. DAVIS,
RAND and RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies
SEYMOUR J. DEITCHMAN,
Chevy Chase, Maryland,
Special Advisor
DANIEL E. HASTINGS,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
FRANK A. HORRIGAN,
Bedford, Massachusetts
RICHARD J. IVANETICH,
Institute for Defense Analyses
MIRIAM E. JOHN,
Sandia National Laboratories
ANNETTE J. KRYGIEL,
Great Falls, Virginia
ROBERT B. OAKLEY,
National Defense University
HARRISON SHULL,
Monterey, California
JAMES M. SINNETT,
The Boeing Company
WILLIAM D. SMITH,
Fayetteville, Pennsylvania
PAUL K. VAN RIPER,
Williamsburg, Virginia
VERENA S. VOMASTIC,
The Aerospace Corporation
BRUCE WALD,
Center for Naval Analyses
MITZI M. WERTHEIM,
Center for Naval Analyses
Navy Liaison Representatives
RADM RAYMOND C. SMITH,
USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81
RADM PAUL G. GAFFNEY II,
USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91 (through June 7, 2000)
RADM Jay M. Cohen,
USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91 (as of June 8, 2000)
Marine Corps Liaison Representative
LTGEN JOHN E. RHODES, USMC, Commanding General,
Marine Corps Combat Development Command (through August 17, 2000)
LTGEN BRUCE B. KNUTSON, JR., USMC, Commanding General,
Marine Corps Combat Development Command (as of August 18, 2000)
RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director
CHARLES F. DRAPER, Senior Program Officer
MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer
SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS
PETER M. BANKS,
XR Ventures, LLC,
Co-Chair
WILLIAM H. PRESS,
Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Co-Chair
WILLIAM F. BALLHAUS, JR.,
The Aerospace Corporation
SHIRLEY CHIANG,
University of California at Davis
MARSHALL H. COHEN,
California Institute of Technology
RONALD G. DOUGLAS,
Texas A&M University
SAMUEL H. FULLER,
Analog Devices, Inc.
MICHAEL F. GOODCHILD,
University of California at Santa Barbara
MARTHA P. HAYNES,
Cornell University
WESLEY T. HUNTRESS, JR.,
Carnegie Institution
CAROL M. JANTZEN,
Westinghouse Savannah River Company
PAUL G. KAMINSKI,
Technovation, Inc.
KENNETH H. KELLER,
University of Minnesota
JOHN R. KREICK,
Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company (retired)
MARSHA I. LESTER,
University of Pennsylvania
W. CARL LINEBERGER,
University of Colorado
DUSA M. McDUFF,
State University of New York at Stony Brook
JANET L. NORWOOD, Former Commissioner,
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
M. ELISABETH PATÉ-CORNELL,
Stanford University
NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
ROBERT J. SPINRAD,
Xerox PARC (retired)
JAMES F. HINCHMAN, Acting Executive Director
Preface
The mission of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is to maintain a close relationship with the research and development community to support long-range research, foster discovery, nurture future generations of researchers, produce new technologies that meet known naval requirements, and provide innovations in fields relevant to the future Navy and Marine Corps. Accordingly, ONR supports research activities across a broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines. As one means of ensuring that its investments appropriately address naval priorities and requirements and that its programs are of high scientific and technical quality, ONR requires that each of its departments undergo an annual review (with a detailed focus on about one-third of the reviewed department’s programs). The Marine Corps Science and Technology (S&T) program reviewed in this report resides within the Expeditionary Warfare Operations Technology Division (Code 353) of the Naval Expeditionary Warfare S&T Department (Code 35) of ONR.
At the request of ONR, the National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee for the Review of ONR’s Marine Corps Science and Technology Program to review and evaluate ONR’s Marine Corps S&T program components in the areas of maneuver, firepower, logistics, command and control, and training and education against criteria such as the appropriateness of the investment strategy within the context of Marine Corps priorities and requirements, impact on and relevance to Marine Corps needs, Navy/Marine Corps program integration effectiveness, and scientific and technical quality. The committee was also asked to identify promising basic (6.1), exploratory (6.2), and advanced (6.3) research topics that could be initiated to support the Marine Corps S&T program ( Appendix A gives the full terms of reference). At the request of the Head of ONR’s Naval Expeditionary Warfare S&T Department (Code 35), the committee also reviewed the Extending the Littoral Battlespace (ELB) advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTD).
The committee met once, May 9-11, 2000, in Washington, D.C., to both gather information and prepare an initial draft report. The 3-day meeting was divided into two parts: the first comprised presentations by and interactions with project managers (and ONR-supported principal investigators) responsible for various program components, and the second was devoted to discussing the issues, developing consensus, and drafting the committee’s findings and recommendations. The committee’s report represents its consensus views on the issues posed in the charge.
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Anthony J. DeMaria, DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems,
J. Dexter Fletcher, Institute for Defense Analyses,
James J. Harp, Annandale, Virginia,
David W. McCall, Far Hills, New Jersey,
George S. Sebestyen, Systems Development, LLC,
LtGen Philip D. Shutler, USMC (retired), and
H. Gregory Tornatore, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions and recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Lee M. Hunt, Alexandria, Virginia, appointed by the Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the institution.