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PERSONNEL NEEDS AND TRAINING
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
THE 1975 REPORT
of the
COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
_
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
.
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RESOURCES
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
National Academy of Sciences
Washington, D. C.
June 11, 1975
Third Printing - September 1975
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NOTICE: The project which is the subject of this report was approved
by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, acting in be-
half of the National Academy of Sciences. Such approval reflects the
Board's judgment that the project is of national importance and appro-
priate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National
Research Council.
The members of the committee selected to undertake this project and
prepare this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence
and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate
to the project. Responsibility for the detailed aspects of this report
rests with that committee.
Each report issuing from a study committee of the National Research
Council is reviewed by an independent group of qualified individuals
according to procedures established and monitored by the Report Review
Committee of the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution of the
report is approved, by the President of the Academy, upon satisfactory
completion of the review process.
The work on which this publication is based was performed pursuant to
Contract No. NO1-OD-5-2109 with the National Institutes of Health of
the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Available from
Commission on Human Resources
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE
WASHINGTON, C). C. 204143
June 16' 1975
The Honorable Caspar W. Weinberger
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Washington, D. C. 20201
My dear Mr. Secretary:
I am pleased to present to the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare the 1975 report of the Committee on
a Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Re-
search Persor.nei. This continuing study has been undertaken
by the National Research Council pursuant to Title I of the
National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-348~. It responds to
your request of September 16, 1974 that the National Academy
of Sciences make such a study and follows my letter of March 6,
1975 indicating that the Academy would accept this task. The
work has been supported under Contract NO1 OD 5 2109 with the
National Institutes of Health.
The Act states (Section 473 (a) ~ that the purposes of
the study are to: "~1) establish {A) the Nation's overall
need for biomedical and behavioral research personnel, (B) the
subject areas in which such personnel are needed and the number
of such personnel needed in each such area, and (C) the kinds
and extent of training which should be provided such personnel;
(2) assess (A) current training programs available for the train-
ing of biomedical and behavioral research personnel which are
conducted under this Act at or through institutes under the Na-
tional Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and
Mental Health Administration, and (~) other current training
programs available for the training of such personnel; (3)
identify the kinds of research positions available to and held
by individuals completing such programs; (4) determine, to the
extent feasible, whether the programs referred to in clause (b)
of paragraph (2) would be adequate to meet the needs established
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me Honorable Caspar W. Weinberger
June 16, 1975
Page Two
under paragraph (1) if the programs referred to in clause (A)
of paragraph (2) were terminated; and 5) determine what modi-
fications in the programs referred to in paragraph (2) are re-
quired to meet the needs established under paragraph (13."
The present document, submitted in order to meet the re-
quirement for a report in FY 1975, was prepared little more than
three months after commencement of the study, hence, it cannot
respond fully to the broad and difficult requirements set by
the Act. But a beginning has been made. I trust that our re-
ports in 1976 and thereafter will deal in a more detailed and
meaningful way with the significant problem you have brought
to us.
We shall be glad to discuss this report for 1975 with
you and your staff.
Sincerely yours,
it
Philip Handler
President
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P R E F A C E
This is the first of the annual reports in the continuing study re-
quired under provisions of the National Research Service Award Act of
1974. In approaching this initial task, the Committee on a Study of
National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel examined
Me ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ A_ _ ~ _ ~
orl~lcally a Large and Diverse Body ot available data The n; ~11~ "m"~-
~ .. . .
cloy ~~-~ snag scrutiny Ala nor permit a clear distinction between trans'-
tory developments and long-range trends even though there is ample reason
to believe that we are in a period of transition. Limitations in the data
base were anticipated in the preceding feasibility study and in the event
proved all too true. It is not surprising, therefore, that the present
report deals with a limited analysis of the
with projections.
current situation rather than
The report has been prepared under the most formidable time con-
straints. Approximately 90 days elapsed from the authorization to pro-
ceed with the study to the Committee's final review of the report. There
has been a grossly inadequate opportunity to weigh broad policy questions
that have been the subject of continuing debate. Nor has it been possible
to deal at length with all the administrative, resource, and organizational
issues that fall within the purview of the continuing study. Consequently,
this report should be regarded as a preliminary response to the Congressio-
nal request contained in the Act. With enhancement of the data base and
refinement of methodology, which can-be expected in the coming year . future
annual reports can be looked to for realization of the full potential of
the continuing study.
_ _ _~ ~ 1 ~ —~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Completion of the report for 1975 would not have been possible with-
out help from many quarters. The Committee is indebted to its Panels for
advice on data analysis, disciplinary classification, and the status of
science in the various fields. Vincent Price of the National Institutes
of Health, David Kefauver of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration, and Daniel Fox of the Health Resources Administration
provided data and helpful interpretation of administrative procedures in
the training programs. Robert A. Alberty, Chairman of the Commission on
Human Resources, and William C. Kelly, its Executive Director, were a
source of constant support through their understanding of the complexities
of scientific manpower studies. Robert Lindee of The Henry J. Kaiser Family
v
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Foundation provided valuable advice and assistance. Several consultants
Richard B. Freeman of Harvard University, Samuel S. Herman of Temple
University, Robert G. Snyder, full-time consultant to this project, and
Robert K. Weatherall of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - con-
ducted studies at the Committee's request and provided much helpful assis-
tance. Finally, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the competence and in-
dustry of the entire staff especially Prudence Brown, Porter Coggeshall,
Lindsey Harmon, Kay Harris, and Allen Singer, who served as Acting Staff
Director in responding to the demands of this first phase of the continu-
ing study.
June 11, 1975
vi
Robert J. Glaser, M.D.
Chairman
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COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
Chairman: Robert J. GLASER, M.D.
President
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Vice Chairman: Henry W. RIECKEN, Ph.D.
Professor of Behavioral Sciences
University of Pennsylvania
John J. BURNS, Ph.D.
Vice President of Research
Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc
Nutley, New Jersey
Allen M. CARTTER, Ph.D.
Professor of Higher Education
Director, Laboratory of Research
in Higher Education
University of California,
Los Angeles
Julius H. COMROE, Jr., M.D.
Professor of Physiology
University of California,
San Francisco
John E. JACOBS, Ph.D.
Walter P. Murphy Professor of
Electrical Engineering and
Engineering Sciences
Director, Biomedical Engineering
Center
Northwestern University
David MECHANIC, Ph.D.
Professor of Sociology
University of Wisconsin
Lincoln E. MOSES, Ph.D.
Dean of Graduate Studies
Stanford University
Carl PFAFFMANN, Ph.D.
Vice President
Rockefeller University
Mitchell W. SPEL~MAN, M.D.
Executive Dean
Charles R. Drew Postgraduate
Medical School
Los Angeles, California
P. Roy VAGELOS, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Depart-
ment of Biological Chemistry
Director, Division of Biology
and Biomedical Sciences
Washington University
James B. WYNGAARDEN, M.D.
Chairman, Department of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
· ~
V11
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAMC Association of American Medical Colleges
Academy National Academy of Sciences
Act National Research Service Award Act
ADAMHA Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
CDC Center for Disease Control
CR Comprehensive Roster of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers
DOL Department of Labor
DRF Doctorate Records File
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FY Fiscal Year
GNP Gross National Product
HEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare
HRA Health Resources Administration
HSA Health Services Administration
HSMHA Health Services and Mental Health Administration
ISI Institute for Scientific Information
NCHS National Center for Health Statistics
NCHSR National Center for Health Services Research
NCI National Cancer Institute
NEI - National Eye Institute
NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute
NIA National Institute of Aging
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIAMDD National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and
Digestive Diseases
-
NICHD National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
NIDR National Institute of Dental Research
NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Science
NIGMS National Institute of General Medical Sciences
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIMH National Institute of Mental Health
NINCDS National Institute of Neurological and Communicative
Disorders and Stroke
NRC National Research Council
NSF - National Science Foundation
OE Office of Education
PHS Act Public Health Service Act
PL 93-348 Public Law 93-348
R and D Research and Development
Academies-Institute-Council - National Academy of Sciences/National
Academy of Engineering-Institute of
Medicine-National Research Council
· · ~
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