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PERSONNEL NEEDS AND TRAINING
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
THE 1977 REPORT
of the
COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RESOURCES
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Volume 1
National Academy of Sciences
Washington, D. C.
1977
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was
approved by the Governing Board of the National Research
Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer-
ing, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their
special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been
authors according to
Committee consisting
Sciences, the National Academy of
of Medicine.
reviewed by a group other than the
procedures approved by a Report Review
of members of the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute
The work on which this publication is based was performed pur-
suant to Contract No. NOl-OD-5-2109 with the National Institutes
of Health of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Available from:
Commission on Human Resources
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
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NAT! O NAL ACADE MY OF SC' E NC ES
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
210' CONSTITUTION AVENUE
WAS - INGTON, D. C- 20q.143
September 30, 1977
The Honorable Joseph Califano
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Washington, D. C. 20201
My dear Mr. Secretary:
It is a pleasure to present to the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare the'l977 report of the Committee on a
Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Personnel. This is the third annual report in the continuing
study undertaken by' the National Research Council pursuant to
Title I of the 'National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-3487. The
work has been supported under Contract NO1 OD 5 2109 with the
National Institutes of Health.
The Act states (Section 473 (a)) that the purposes of the
study are to: "~1) establish (A) the Nation's overall need for
biomedical and behavioral research personnel, (B) the subject
areas in which such personnel are needed and the number of such
personnel needed in each such area, and (C) the kinds and extent
of training which should be provided such personnel; (2) assess
(A) current training programs available for the training of bio-
medical and behavioral research personnel which are conducted
under this Act at or through institutes under the National
Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental
Health Administration, and (B) other current training'programs
available for the training of such personnel; (3) identify the
kinds of research positions available to and held by individuals
completing such programs; (4) determine, to the extent feasible,
whether the programs referred to in clause (B) of paragraph (2)
would be adequate to meet the needs established under pragraph
(1) if the programs referred to in clause (A) of paragraph (2)
were terminated; and (5) determine what modifications in the
programs referred to in paragraph (2) are required to meet the
needs established under paragraph (1~."
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In the sixteen months since the submission of the 1976
report, the Committee has made substantial progress in respond-
ing to the goals of the Act. Through the conduct of new surveys,
it has significantly expanded the data on which estimates of
labor market conditions and planning needs are based. In
addition, the Committee has, as it was asked to do, addressed
training needs in the areas of health services research and
nursing research. In the year ahead, the Committee will seek
further improvement in its ability to assist HEW and the Congress
in meeting the Nation's training needs.
We hope the present report will be helpful and shall be
glad to discuss it with you and your staff.
Sit,
Philip Handler
President
Enclosure
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EREEACE
This report for 1977 is the third in a series Of annual
reports prepared by the Committee or a Study of National
Needs for Biomedical and Behaviora ~ Research Personnel in a
continuing study that was es-ate' ished pursuant to Ache
provisions of tile Nationa ~ Research Service Award Act of
. . ,
1974 (Public Law 93- 348) ~ In this report, the Ccm~r~ttee
discusser; the current status of the ~ abor Market and the
near-~.erm outicols for research personnel in the four broad
areas into which the study has beers organized--basic
biomedical sciences, bel~aviora l sciences, clinical sciences
and hea ~ th services research. I n accordance with the
provisions of the Health Research arid Health services
Amen(3ment~; of ~ 9 ~ 6,
accordance with the
arid Hea Ith S ervices
which extended the authority of the Act
year for the f ~ rst Aide reports upon.
research tra ining neeas and issues in nursir~q research.
The Committee has agai ~ made specific recommendations
about the numbers of individua Is to be supported by the
research training programs of the National Institutes of
Health, the Alcohol, Drug Chase, ant] Mental Health
Administration, and the Health Resources Administration.
Reconmendations ~ Iso speak to the divi sion of support
between p:redoctoral and postdoctoral training.
The Committee makes firm recommendations for FY iS79 an]
sets tentative goals f or PY ^19 80-S 1. An explanaticn of the
omission of recommendations for 1978 is required. The
Committee last year set tentative goals for EY 1978 with the
expectat ion that they woula be Yin and revised in this
current report. However, subsequent a~reniments to the Act
changed the Committee's reporting date from March 31 to
September 30. Since recc~mmenciations made on the last day of
the current f isca ~ year would come too late to affect the
awar ds to be macie . in EY 1 9 7 8, the Comm it tee wa s to reed to'
let its earlier (and tentative) recommendations for ~g78
stated.
The timing of the Committee' s 1976 report relative to
the Congressional appropriation process and to the agencies"
awar ding process created some operationa l clif f iculties.
That report was transmitted in h,ay 1976, when only a Roth
Rena inert in the f isca 1 yea r. Hence there was insuff icient
time for the agencies to respond] to the Co~rmittee's
re se a rch . I n
the Health Research
1976
the Commi thee this
recommendations for EY 1976. liming probe ems should have
been somewhat less serious relative to the EY ~977
rec:omrner~dations made in last year' s ret rt, and shorted
become even less so Pith those made for EY 1978. - As this
year Is recommendations cover EY 197g-8 1, it is unlikely that
there wil ~ be ~ Or; cry coordinating the recommendations
with the a ppropriation and awarding process. The Committee
wi Il continue to review and revise its recom~nendat ions when
ne ce sear y.
of special interest in the ~ 977 report are the results
of a survey of a sample of ~ 4, 30 0 of the country' s younger
biomedical and behaviora ~ scientists; a discussion of the
v
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situation of minorities and worries in the biomedical arid
b.ehav for a ~ s cience s; and rec om~r,en(3a tions ah ich add re ss some
of the policies and administ rative aspects of the bat ianal
Research Service Award Act proc~ran:.
The current report has heer, organ) zed into two vc'1 umes
Volume 1, the report proper, contains suatraries of all
findings and analyses and the statement and discussion of
each of the Committee ' s recommendations. Vole 2, the
appendixes, is Comfy ised of ~ ~ ~ tatu] a r da ta which wi ll te
of interest primarily to those who desire to study in detail
the resu, ts of the Commi ttee ~ s survey, and (2) data supplier]
to the Committee by the agencies ccr,cernir~q their programs
for 1975 arid ~ 976. The reader who desires only to knew the
direction. underI:y~ng rationale, and specifics of the
Committee ' s recon,aet~da tions need not read i30lu~re 2.
volume ~ contains 10 chapters. Chapter 1 begins with
the oh Electives the Committee brad ire developing the ~ 977
report. It then reviews the new area of nursing research,
the public meeting which the Committee hel ~ in verger
1976, and two special surveys the Committee conducted this
year. Finally, a summary is given of the Committee's
numerical recommendations for FY 1979, and its tentative -
recommen
With the recent passage of Public Car; 95-8 3--the
Biomedical Research Extension Act of 1977--the authority of
the legislation leas been exter~dec] through September 3D,
~978. The Committee is pleased to be of service and will
cont inue its ana lysi s of these important f ederal training
programs as long as such study serves a useful purpose.
Robert 3. G1 aser, M-~.
Cha Iowan
Henry w. Fiec~cen, Ph. D.
Ntice Chairman
V11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report has benefited from the efforts and
cooperation of many people and organizations. The committee
Is particularly grateful to the chairmen and members of its
five panels for the time they devoted to their deliberations
and for their intensive efforts in compiling infcrmation,
interpreting findings, providing advice, and formulating
recommendations for the Committee's consideration.
Several federal agencies interested in this study
suppl fed hel pful advice and assistance . Financial support
was provided by the National Institutes of Health. Donald
S. Fredrickson, Director of the National Institutes of
Health, James D. Istister, former administrator of the
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, and
Kenneth Endico~t, former Administrator of the Health
Resources Administration, met with the Committee early in
the last fiscal year and presented their views on the
tray Ding programs. William H. Batchelor served as pro ject
of ficer for The National Institutes of Health and maintained
excel ~ ent liaison with the Committee. Also at the National
Institutes of Health, Joseph A. Brackett, Charles W. Casey,
Carl D. Douglass, Helen H. Gee, Nicholas C. Moriarty Jr.,
Charles A. Mill er, Vincent E. Price, Solomon Schneyer,
Charles N. Shea, and Herbert B. Woolley made available
background information and data and provided other
assi stance. David F. Refauve' and Michele W. Harvey of the
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration and
Susan R. Gortner and Marie J. Bourgeoi se in the Divis ion of
Nursing of the Health Resources Administration, provided
liai son with their organizations and were helpful in many
ways. Gerald Rosenthal and Jean Carmody of the National
Center for Health Services Re search, Health Resources
Administrati on, provided information regarding their
training programs in the area of health services research.
Richard P . Ei singer of the Of f ice of Management and
Budget assi sted in the development of the surrey
questionnaires. At the National Science Foundation Penny
Foster and Susan Brood es her ped to coordinate the surveys
with those of the Foundation, and Char ~ es H. Dickens
provided administrative assistance.
A special paper prepared by Jerry Miner, a member of the
Data and Studies Panel, was incorporated in Chapter 2. Joan
Snyder, serving as a consultant, contributed importantly to
the study of minorities and women reported in Chapter ~ .
within the Commission on Human Resources, Robert. A.
Alberty, Chairman of the Commission, and William c. Kelly,
its Executive Director, offered counsel and assistance in
all phases of the study.
The Committee's staff, under the direction of Herbert B.
Pah1, supported the Committee and panels by conducting the
surveys and other data collection activities, performing the
V111
analyses, and preparing reports of the findings. Allen M.
Singer supervised the collection of data f rom the agencie s
and performed the analyses leading to the pro j ections of
academic demand in the basic biomedical, behavioral, and
clinical sciences area. ~ ~~
Porter E. Coggeshal ~ nao primary
responsibility f or conducting the Survey of Bic: medical and
Behave oral scientists, analyzing the results and reporting
the f indings . Pamela Ebert-Flattau coordinated the data
collection and analyses in the areas of behavioral sciences,
heal th servi ces research, and nursing re search . John C .
Norvell and Samuel S. Reman served as executive secretaries
to the Basic Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Panels
resnectivelv and sup=rvi sed the staf f support of those
support
_ , _ .—,
panels' activities. Robert G. Snyder had primary
responsibility for conducting the Survey of Department
Chairmen. Lindsey R. Harmon served as a consultant on the
survey design and analyses.
The Committee enjoyed excellent adding strative,
technical, and clerical support. Kay C. Harris handled the
administrat ion, - - -
J . Richard Albert, Prudence W. Brown,
Cora zon M. Franci sco, David Y. Pee, and Rebecca C. Stuart
pert armed the technical tasks, and Marie A. Clark, Llyn M.
Elli son, Danita L. Gareri, Regina C. Jacobs, and Sharon A.
Sanford supplied expert secretarial services.
To all of the se persons and organizations,
expresses its warmest thanks.
ix
the Committee
COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
Chairman: *Robert J. GLASER, M.D.
President
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Vice Chairman:
John J. BURNS, Ph.D.
Vice President of Research
Hoffman-La Roche, Inc.
Nutley, New Jersey
Robert H. BURRIS, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry
University of Wisconsin
John J. CONGER, Ph.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychology
University of Colorado Medical Center
Robert GALAMBOS, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Neurosciences
University of California at San Diego
Helen Homans GILBERT
Dover, Massachusetts
W. Lee HANSEN, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics
University of Wisconsin
Dorothy M. HORSTMANN, M.D.
Department of Epidemiology
and Public Health
Yale University
*Peter Barton MUTT, LL.M.
Covington & Burling
Washington, D.C.
*Members of the Executive Committee
x
*Henry W. RIECKEN, Ph.D.
Professor of Behavioral Sciences
University of Pennsylvania
John E. JACOBS, Ph.D.
Walter P. Murphy Professor of
Electrical Engineering and
Engineering Sciences
Director, Biomedical Engineering
Center
Northwestern University
David MECHANIC, Ph.D.
Director, Center for Medical
Sociology and Health
Services Research
University of Wisconsin
*Robert S. MORISON, M.D.
Professor Emeritus
Richard J. Schwartz Professor
of Science and Society
Program on Science, Technology,
and Society
Cornell University
Lincoin E. MOSES, Ph.D.
Professor of Statistics
Stanford University
Esmond E. SNELL, Ph.D.
Department of Microbiology
University of Texas
Mitchell W. SPELLMAN, M.D., Ph.D.
Executive Dean
Charles R. Drew Postgraduate
Medical School
Los Angeles, California
*James B. WYNGAARDEN, M.D.
Chairman, Department of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
