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GLOSSARY
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Aaarenat~ Fields--In this
report, the fields of biomedical
and behavioral research have been Visaed for anal ytical
purposes into four broad categories or aggregate fields:
basic a: ^_^a: __ t __- ~ ~. ~ ~ . _ , _
_ · ~
Vicky Sciences, ~, nenav~orat sciences, 3)
conical sciences, and 4) health
and ADAMHA trainees and fellows are
agencies according to the discipline in which
is received. The following listings relate these training
disciplines to the four categories employed in this report.
Anatomy
Biochemi s try
Biophys ic s
Cel ~ Bi ol ogy
Engineering,
Genetics
Microbiol ogy
Patho7 ogy
Pharmacol ogy/Toxicology
Physi ology
Biology, other
Other Fi elds
1)
services research.
cl assified by the
The NIR
Basic Biomedical Sciences
Training
Heal th Related
Botany
Chemi stry
Earth Science s
Ecology
Engine Bring
Entomo logy
Environmental
Hydrobiology
their training
I: isciplines
Included
and Agriculture
Sciences
221
a
Mathemati cs
Nutrition
Pharmacy
Physics
Radiation, Nonclinical
zoology
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Behavioral S ciences
. . .
Train~g Disciplin~s
Anthropol ogy
Education, Counseling and Guidance
Mental Be al th
Psychology
Abnormal
Clinical
Comparative and Ani~nal
Developmental
General an ~ Experimental
Socia, Psychology
Socio logy
C1in~cal Sciences
Training Di sciplines
Denti stry
Medicine and Surgery
Allergy
Anesthes iology
Geriatrics
Inten~ al Medicine
Ca rdiova scular Di seases
C' in ica1 Nutrition
Conn ective Tissue Di sea se s
Dermato1 ogy/Syphi'ology
Diabetes
En docr inology
Ga stro enterology
Hematol ogy
Infectious Diseases
Neurology
Neurop sychiatry
Obstetri cs/Gyn ecology
Opht-ha Imo 1ogy/Optometry
Otorhi nolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preven tive Me dicin e
Psychiatry
Radiology
Surgery
Veterinary Medicin e
Clinica~ Sciences, Other
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222
Personality
Ph~ysiological
Other Psychological Areas
Liver Di seas es
Metabolic Diseases
NllCl ear Medicine
Oncology
Pulmonary Di seases
Penal Diseases
Tropi cal Medic~n"
Internal Medicine. Other
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Health Services Research
... . . . .
Training Disciplines
Biostati sties
Epidemiol ogy
Health Administration
Hospital and Medical Care
Public Health
Accident Prevention
Air Pollution
Disease Prevention
E:nviranm Stat Engineering
Other Health Related Prof es signs
Food Protection
Maternal and Child Ileal th
Occupational Health
Water Pollution Control
Committee--Co~Tunittee on a Study of National Needs for
Biomedical ma Behavioral Research Personnel.
Doctorates:
Acad~mic~-receivea Ph. O. or equivalent degree.
Professional--received M. D., O. D.S., D.11.~., or other
health professions doctorate.
Econometr ice--the trench of economics dealing with the
estimation and testing of economic models.
Enrichment--displacement within the labor force of Tess
highly trained personnel (with M.A./~. S. or ~ ower level
degrees) by individuals with doctorate degrees.
Field Switch~nq--the movement of individuals between and
within fields of training and fields of employment.
Medical S cier~tist Training Proura:Ta--troad, institutionally
. . .
based programs, sponsored by NTH, designed to assist
universities and their medical schools in providing selected
trainees with the essential scientific and medical
background needed for a career as a medical scientist,
generally leading to a combined M. D. lPh. D. degree.
National Institutes of Heal th (NTH,; Alcohol, Druq Abuse.
and Menta ~ Health Administration (ADAMEA): Health Resources
~-
Administration (~RA)--federal agencies of the Public Bealth
. .
Service, Department of Health, Education, and welfare that
provide the primary sources calf support for biomedical and
behavioral research and research training. The largest
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agencies, NIB and ADAMEA, are organized into institutes that
pursue va rious health problems.
National Research Service Award Act (NRSA Act, PL 93-34 8,
~ 974) --the Act under which this study is Overtaken . It
charges the Committee with investigating the nation' s
training needs in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.
For sections of this Act pertinent to this study, see
Appendix V.
Panel--refers to any of four specificall y cited disciplinary
panels as sociated with this study--Bas~c Biomedical
Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Sciences, or Health
Services Besearch--or to the Data and Studies Panel ~ which
provides advice and analytical support to the disciplinary
panels and to the Committee.
President's Biomedical Research Panel--enacted as part of PL
9 3- 352 ~ ~ 97 4} , this panel is charged with advising Congress
and the President by April ~ 976 on policy issues rel ating to
the sub ject, content, organization, and operation of
biomedical and behavioral research sponsored by NTH and
NIMH.
Training revs ~ s:
_
Pre do ~oral-- study in a graduate program by pre-Ph ~ r) e
students and by pre-M.D. 's who are engaged in full-time
research training for a minimum of ~ months in a
calendar year. Beyond what is normally considered
graduate education, predoctoral training, as used in
this report. also includes clinical science training in
the Medical Science Training Program often ~ eading to a
combined M. D. Ash. D. degree.
Postdoctoral--specialized research training taking place
after receipt of a Ph. D. or health profession degree.
Post-Ph.D.--specialized research training taking place
. .
after receipt of a Ph. D. degree.
Postprofessional--research training taking place after
receipt of a n~edical, dental, veterinary, or other
health profession degree.
Training Mechanisms (see ~so Chapter 21:
.
Fellowship--awards made directly to the individual,
largely in the form of a stipend, frond a variety of
sources, such as the federal government' voluntary
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health organizations, foundations, and universities; may
include an institutional subvention.
Training grant--awarded to nonprofit privet" or
nonfederal public institutions through peer Levi ew
competition, generally~for S-year renewable periods; in
addition to student support, includes institutional
program support for maintenance of the training
environment.
Research assistantship--graduate student support
obtained through a research grant or contract to a
faculty member; research associateships are similar
awe rd s at t he postd acto ra l level .
Teaching
provi deaf for
designed for
a ssi stantshi'- grade
student support
teaching services; not specifics ly
research training.
Self/private surport--derives from personal resources,
including work, loans, and spouse anchor family.
o
l
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
student support
