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PERSONNEL NEEDS AND TRAINING
FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
THE 197 9 REPORT
of the
COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
FOR B ~ _ ONES
COMMISS ION QN HUMAN RESOURCES
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
National Academy of Sciences
Washington, D.C.
1980
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was
approved by the Governing Board of the National Research
Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of
the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for
their special competences and with regard for appropriate
teal ance .
Thi s report has been reviewed by a group other than the
authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review
Committee consisting or members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering r and the
In s ~ i Lute of Med ic ine a
The work on which this publ ication is based was performed
pursuant to Contract Nos. Nol-oD-5-2l 09 and N01 - D-9-2112
with the National Institutes of Health of the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. Support for this~-project
came from Evaluation Set-Aside Funds ~ Section 513 of the PE
Act), Evaluation Proj eat No . NIHI 75-l .
Available from:
Commission on Human Resources
Nat tonal Research Counc i 1
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W
Washington, D. C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
IS
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OFflCE OF THE PRESIDENT
210 I CON STlTUTIOt~4 AV£ N U E
WASHINGTON, D. C. 2O^lB
The Honorable Patricia Harris
Secretary, Department of Health
and Human Services
Washington, D. C. 20201
My dear Madame Secretary:
MAY 7, 1 980
I am pleased to present to the De par tment of Health and Human Services,
for transmittal to the Congress, the 1979 Report of the Committee on a Study
of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel. This i s
the fifth annual report in the continuing study undertaken by the National
Research Council pursuant to Ti tie I of the National Research Act of 1974 (PL
93-348~. The work has been supported under Contracts N01-01)-~-2109 and
NO1 - D-9-21 1 2 with the National Institutes of Health.
The Act states (Section 473(a))that the purposes of the study are to:
" ( 1 ~ establish (A) the Nati on' s overall need for biomedical and behavioral
research personnel, (B) the subject areas in which such personnel are needed
and the number of such personnel needed in each such area, and (C) the kinds
and extent of training which should be provided such personnel; (2) assess (A)
current training programs available for the training of biomedical and behav-
ioral research personnel which are conducted under this Act at or through
institutes under the National Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug
Abuse, and Mental Ilealth Administration, arid ~ B) other current training prom
grams avail able for the training of such personnel; (3) identify the kinds of
research positions available to and held by ~ udividuals completing such pro-
gr~ms; (4 ~ determine, to the extent feasible, whether the programs referred
to in clause (B) of paragraph (2) would be adequate to meet the needs estate
fished under paragraph ( 1 ~ if the programs referred to ill clause (A) of
paragraph (2) were terminated; and (~) determine what modifications in the
programs referred to In paragraph (2) are required to meet the needs
established under paragraph ( 1~ . "
As pointed out in the Preface, although the provisions of the current
legislation (PL 95-622) do not require a report this year, the Comma ttee
believes that the attached report, which describes its recent activities,
current recommendations and studies, and future study directions, may be of
interest to those who have been following its work.
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The Committee currently is engaged in a number of studies that Will pro-
vide new data and information on issues central to the study mandate. The
results of these studies will be included in future reportsO
We hope that the present report will be helpful. We shall, of course, be
pleased to discuss it and the Committee' s work with you and your staff O
S - y yours g
Philip Handler
President
Enclosure
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PREFACE
Although the current provisions of the National Research Service
Award Act (NRSA, Public Law 93-348) do not require a report for
1979 from the Commi thee on a Study of National Needs for Biomedi-
cal and Behavioral Research Personnel, the Committee believes
that issuance of a report this year is desirable for the purpose
of maintaining continuity with regard both to its recommenda-
tions, especially those concerning numbers of awards to be made
during FYI980-1982, and its presentation of agency data on awards
made under this program. In addition, the Committee this year
presents its views on two major program developments: the new
program of awards for short-term training, and the recently an-
nounced plan to increase predoctoral and postdoctoral stipends
next July. Finally, the Committee believes that a brief overview
of its current studies and direction of research will be of
interest and some value to those who have been following the work
of the Committee. ~
Previous reports by the Committee have been issued in accor-
dance with the provisions of the NRSA Act that estate} ished a
continuing study of the issues concerning and assessments of
national needs for research personnel in the biomedical and
behavioral sciences. The authorizing legislation of 1974 was
amended and broadened in 1976 and again in 1978 in connection
with its renewal, to include the fields of nursing research and
health services research (Appendix A). These amendments, among
other changes, also modified many of the administrative and
management aspects of the programs.
In November 1978 the Congress renewed the NRSA legislation
for 3 years through FYI981. AS a result of the earlier decision
by the Department of Heal th, Education , and Welfare to support
this study from f unds available to the National Institutes of
Health (NIH), this extension of the legislation led to a re exam-
ination by NIH of the working relationship and particularly the
longer-term administrative arrangements between the Committee and
NIH. Unfortunately, the negotiations over modified arrangements
proposed by NIH have been protracted. In turn, this has delayed
funding for a number of studies and other activities projected by
the Committee. The present report, therefore, -shows less pro-
gress than the Committee had planned and anticipated.
Nonetheless, one of the important steps taken by the Com-
mittee this year was a thorough reexamination of its near-term
and long-term objectives, and a reordering of its priorities to
meet these objectives. An intensive 2-day meeting on November 30
and December I, 197S, allowed Committee members and Panel chair-
naen to review the issues the Committee already had addressed, its
current stud ies and directions, and the ma jor questions that need
further attention by the Committee.
v
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Out of the approximately one dozen major topics presented
and debated by the meeting's participants, four areas of inquiry
were assigned the highest priority for investigation over the
next 2 or 3 years: ~ ~ ~ extending knows edge about and improving
capabil i ty for assessing research personnel needs in the f ield of
clinical investigation; ~ 2 ~ assessing possible approaches for
investigating the impact of training grants ~ and ~ oss of train-
ing grants) on the quality of training and enrollments; ~ 3 ~
determining what factors affect the recruitment, productivity,
and retention of scientists in the research labor force, and what
role midcareer training has or can play; and ~ 4 ~ identifying
priority fields for training.
The Committee has begun studies to collect needled data in
the f irst two of these priority areas. Summaries of these
studies are presented in Chapter 2 of this report. The resul ts
of some of these studies should be available in t ime for the
Committee's next report. Because each of the identified priority
areas is complex, the Committee recognizes that in some instances
long-term studies will be required before satisfactory answers
can be ob ta ined .
The importance of developing a balanced program of studies,
of establishing near-term and long-term priorities, and of being
assured of having the time and the resources to accompl ish the
required work is evident to those experienced with the complex i-
ties of assessing personnel needs at the national level. The
Committee is gratif fed that the Congress has acknowledged the
importance of continuing the study of these issues as evidenced
last year by the renewal of its mandate.
Henry W. Riecken, Ph .
Chairman
James B . Wyngaarden, M a D .
Vi ce Ch a i rman
vi
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ACKNOWLE DGMENTS
The Committee is pleased to recognize its indebtedness to
the many individuals and organizations for the assistance
that it has received this past year. We are particularly
pleased, however, to acknowledge once again the continuing
contributions of the chairmen and members of our own four
advisory panels on Basic Biomedical Sciences, Behavioral
Sciences, Clinical Sciences, and Health Services Research,
and the ad hoc group on Nursing Research. The members of
each of these advisory groups have g iven generously of their
time to deliberate issues, analyze and interpret data and
other relevant information, and provide advice and guidance
to the Committee within.their special areas of expertise.
The Committee also gratefully acknowledges the assist-
ance afforded it and its staff by the officials and other
senior staff of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
(ADAMHA), the Division of Nursing of the Health Resources
Administration (HRA), and the National Center for Health
Services Research (NCHSR). We especially wish to thank Dr.
Donald S. Fredrickson, Director, NIH, and the following
members of his staff: Dr. Doris Merritt, Dr. William F.
Raub, Or . Will lam H. Batchel or ~ Dr . Helen H. Gee, and Or .
Solomon Schneyer . Dr . Ba tchelor served ably as the NT H
Proj ect Of f icer for this study and, thus, as the Commi t tee
and i ts staff ' s primary channel for obtaining information,
data, and other assistance from the agency. Dr . Ruth L.
Kirschstein, Director, and Dr. Charles A. Miller, National
Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, al so were
particularly helpful in providing information and assistance
on matters pertaining to the agency's programs of support
for predoctora~ training. Special thanks are due Dr. Harvey
Wichman, Claremont Men's College, who currently is serving
as an Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement Fellow in the
Of f ice of the Director, NIH, for his ass istance in the
development of the Behavioral Science Panel' s recent
workshop, "Establishing Training Programs in Behavior and
Heal th . "
The Committee wishes to express publicly its apprecia-
tion to Dr. Gerald L. Kit erman, Administrator, and Ms.
Michele W. Harvey, ADAMBA, for their continued interest and
assistance with this study. Or . Klerman has g iven generous-
1 y of his time and ~ in his professional role, has partici-
pated in several of the Committee's workshops and symposia.
Dr. Marie J. Bourgeois, Division of Nursing, HRA, and
Dr. Jean Car~nody, NCHSR, have been most helpf ul in providing
information and assistance in their special areas of
respons ib i ~ i ty .
The Committee also gratefully acknowledges
· ~
V11
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Other ind iv idual s deserv ing spec ial men t ion are Or
Thomas E. Morgan, Association of American Medical Colleges ~
for his assistance on matters of importance to the Cl inical
Sciences Panel, and Or . Harold Delaney, American Association
of State Colleges and Universities f who, as consul tent to
the Committee, has provided oversight and guidance for the
Committee's study of issues concerning minorities in the bio-
medical and behavioral sciences.
Within the Commission on Human Resources, the Committee
expresses its appreciation to Dr. Harrison Shull, Chairman,
and Dr. William C. Kelly, Executive Director, who have
provided helpful counsel and needed support throughout the
study. Thanks are also extended to Mrs. Shirley A. Davis
and Mr. Daniel T. McHugh, Office of the Executive Director,
for assistance this year with a number of particularly
complex administrat ive problems .
The Committee is pleased to recognize the capable work
and many contributions made by all the members of its staff
under the overall direction of Dr. Herbert B. Pah1, Staff
Director . Spec i f ical ly, thanks are accorded to the sen for
professional staff, Drs. Allen M. Singer, Pamela C.
Ebert-Flattau, MrO Porter E. Coggeshall ~ and Mr. Robert G.
Snyder, and to Or . Samuel S; Herman, consul tent, whose spe-
cific areas of responsibility are identified at the end of
this report. Special note is also made of the extraordinary
administrative load carried this year by the Staf f Director
and Mrs. Kay C. Harris, Administrative Associate, in connec-
tion with the renegotiation with NIH of the further support
for the Committee's work.
Finally, the Committee is pleased to thank the follow-
ing support staff: J. Richard Albert, Prudence W0 Brown,
Jesse Gary, Lori H. Thurgood, and Ingrid A. Wharton for
excellent technical assistance; and Imani R. Ansari, Marie
Ao Cal ark, Jacquelyn C. Johnson, and Janie B. Marshal] for
outstanding secre tar ial ass istance and other support
services that frequently involved short deadl ines .
The Committee expresses its warmest thanks to the above
and all other persons and organizations who have contributed
to i t s work .
. · .
vet l]
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COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS
FOR B IOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
Chairman: *Henry W. RIECKEN, Ph . D .
Professor of Behavioral Sciences
University of Penny vania
Vice Chairman: *James B . WY~GAARDEN, M. D.
Chairman, Department of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Barry M. BLOOM, Ph.D.
President, Central Research
Pfizer, Inc.
Groton, Connecticut
Robert M. BOCK, PhoDo
Dean of the Graduate School
University of Wisconsin
John J. CONGER, Ph.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychology
University of Colorado Medical
Center
Helen Homans GILBERT
Dover, Massachusetts
*C1if ford GROBSTEIN, Ph.D.
Professor of Biological Sciences
and Pubs ic Policy
University of Cal ifornia at
San Diego
W. Lee HANSEN, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics
University of Wisconsin
*Peter Barton MUTT, LL . M.
Covington & Burling
Washington, D.C.
Lyle V. JONES, Ph.D.
Director, L. L. Thurstone
Psychometric Laboratory
University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
*Robert S. MORISON, M.D.
Professor Emeritus
Richard J. Schwartz Prof essor
of Science and Society
Program on Science, Technology
and Society
Cornell University
Arno G. MOTULSKY, M.D.
Professor of Medicine and Genetics
Director, Center for Inherited
Diseases
University of Washington
Helen M. RANNEY, M.D.
Professor and Chairperson
Department of Medicine
University of California
at San Diego
Robert J. GLASER, M.D. (Past Chairman and Consultant)
President
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
*Members o f the Executive Committee
1X
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