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Tndex
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Index
A
Academic proficiency of American children,
186
Activation models, vision research in, 9
Addiction, SO, 61
Affect, see Motivation
Africa, demographic behavior in, 135
Agendas, 86-88, 242
Aggression, boys and, 71
AIDS, 62-63
Airline industry, see Regulation and
deregulation
Alcohol abuse, prevention of, S9-61
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration (ADAMHA), 81, 228,
230, 232, 235, 249, 250, 256
Allocation, see Choice and allocation
Alzheimer's disease, 19, 57
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 231
American Statistical Association, 223
Amnesia, 16, 17, 19
Animals, 17-18, 56-57, 218, 246, 247; see
also Primate research
Antisocial and prosocial behavior, 68-69
Aphasia, 33-35
Approval voting, see Voting, approval
Arbitration, 124
Archives and records
corporate, 163, 226
federal government, 120, 247
local government, 226
' Arms races, 156, 15~160
Artificial intelligence, 28, 34, 35; see also
Expert systems
Asia, demographic behavior in, 135
Asians, immigration to U.S., 139
Audition, see Hearing
B
Baboon societies, 132
Bargaining, 10~108, 124, 242
Behavior research, cost increases in, 45
Biobehavioral rhythms, SS-56
Birds, song learning of, 17
Blue Cross/Blue Shield, 226
Brain
circuits, 17-19, 54-SS
damage, 16- 17; see also Aphasia
metabolism, 17-18, 54-SS
see also Cognition; Motivation
Bretton Woods system, breakdown of, lSO
Buddhists, 143
275
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276 / Index
C
Cable television, see Regulation and
deregulation
Cardiovascular disorder, 64
Careers, criminal, 66-68, 241, 248
Careers, work
data sources on, 118-121, 248
levels of satisfaction in, 73
mobility in, 112, 116-118
see also Employment; Jobs
Categorical knowledge, cognitive
development in, 21-24, 240
Catholic church, liberation theology, 144
Causal inference, 191-192, 245
Census, Bureau of the, 163, 223, 225
Census data, U.S., 218, 223
Central nervous system, effect on immunity,
64
Cheating, 107
Children
academic proficiency of, 186
divorce effects on, 68, 142
emotional expression, S1-54
see also Aggression; Antisocial and
prosocial behavior; Drug abuse;
Family
Chimpanzees
aggression and, 132
language and, 32
Choice and allocation, 27, 85-125, 242-243,
246; see also Decision making
Classified data, research uses and needs, 160,
163
Clustering, methodological model for, 190
Cognition, 19-31, 240, 248
Cognitive development, 2~21, 240
Cognitive illusion, 26
Cognitive science, artificial intelligence and,
34
Collective bargaining, 124
Collective choice, 86-91
College students, behavioral and social
science majors, 206
Color perception, data-scaling research, 188
Combining evidence, statistical methods for,
196
Commerce, Department of, 236
Communication technology, cooperation and
conflict research use of, 160
Comparative research designs, 176-178
Complex action, motor skills in, 30-31
Computer applications
adaptive testing instruments for, 186
bargaining research and, 108
behavior, mind, and brain, 44, 240
data collection methods, 195-196, 198
decision making and, 27
language and, 36, 37, 240
networks and, 125, 221
reading and, 19, 42
regression models and, 184-185
simulations for testing, 19-20, 70
for social interaction testing, 70
statistical software packages for,
194-195, 224
for vision and hearing research, 8-9,
11-14, 16, 217, 240
Computerized tomography (CT), 34, 218
Computers
costs in universities, 217
use in research, 216, 245; see also
Computer applications
Confidentiality
federal information and, 223
research issues and, 224
Conflict, internationalization and, 155-161,
244
Continuous Work History Sample, Internal
Revenue Service, 225
Contracts, 103-108
asymmetry of information, 104
bargaining and negotiation, 106-108, 242
employment, 110-113
principal-agent models for, 103-107
repeated interactions, theory of, 107
structure, 124
. . . . .
Cooperation, ~nternat~onal~zat~on and,
158-160
Corporations, transnational, 151
Cowles Commission, 122
Crime, 65-69
Criminal careers, 66-68, 241, 248
Criminal justice system, 66-68, 74; see also
Juries
Current Population Survey, 225
Cyclicity, biological, 55
D
Data
access to, 222-225, 246, 247
on jobs and careers, 118-121, 248
resources, 218-226, 246, 247-248
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time-series, 164
see also Classified data; Demographic data
bases; Missing data
Data collection
designs, 169-172, 248
graphic presentation and, l9S-196
methods, 165-199, 244-245
Deaf children, 35, 39
Death and disability, leading causes of, 58
Decision making
experimentation, 122
heuristics, 27
individual, 25-27, 175
internationalization and, 157-158
by juries, 74-77
organizational behavior and, 86
statistical information use in, 26
Decision theory, normative, 25
Defense, Department of, 228, 236, 253
Delinquent behavior, 68
Democracy, 90
Demographic behavior
institutions and cultures, 135, 243
interdisciplinary research centers, 234
Demographic data bases, 163
Developing countries
division of labor in, 152
family planning programs in, 138
population change in, 13~138
reorganization of social arrangements in,
151-152
Dictionary o; Occupational Titles, 120
Diet, see Eating behavior
Diplomatic activities, institution and culture Facial expression
research and, 162
Divorce and separation, effects on women
and children, 68, 142
Drug abuse, 59-61, 66
Drugs, crime and, 66
Dyslexia, 38, 41; see also Language
Empathy, 69
Employers, behavior of, 124
Employment, 108-121
. ,
contracts, 110 - 111
data, 118-120, 129
histories, 111
long-term, 111-113
minimum wage, 111
sex segregation, 115
technological change, effects of, 116
see also Jobs, Unemployment
Ethnographic research, 17~180, 248
Ethnographic study of modern societies,
178-179
Ethology, 56-57
European Fertility Project, 137
Event histories, models for, 185
Evidence, statistical methods for combining,
196
Evolution
human societies, 130-134
language, 134-135
organizational, 93-95
technological, 133-134
Experimental designs, 170-176
Expert systems
for medical diagnostics, 28-29
statistics for, 194-195
Expertise, concepts about, 27-30
Eye-blink response, associative learning in,
18
E
Eating behavior, 56-58, 133-134, 241
Education, Department of, 228, 236, 253
Education, see College students; Graduate
education; Undergraduate education
Electoral systems, 89-91
Emission tomography, 34
Emotional expression, S1-54
Emotional perceptiveness, 53
Emotive circuitry in the brain, 54-55
F
emotion and, S1-53, 241
universals, 53
Facial recognition, neural circuits and, 12
Family, nuclear, 140-143, 244; see also
Children; Divorce and separation;
Marriage
Family planning programs in developing
countries, 138
Family size in developing countries, 136
FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 66
Federal administration of behavioral and
social sciences research, 235
Federal research coordination of biobehavior
and health, 81
Federal statistics, access to, 225
Fellowships
funding recommendations, 46, 80, 122,
161, 199, 207, 211, 245-246
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motivation research, 80
predoctoral research, 209-211
Fertility
in developed countries, 138-139
in developing countries, 136-138, 162
and lactation, 135-136
reduction, 135, 137
Finance, international, 150-151
Fire, human evolution and, 134
Food, see Eating behavior
Foraging, 17, 57, 133-134
Ford Foundation research support, 160
Framing effects, decision making and, 27
Framing of questions, memory and, 175-176
Friendship pattems, 59
Funding, research
agencies, 249, 251-260; see also
specific agencies
recommendations, 246; see also
Recommendations
G
Game theory, 90, 106
Gender
cultural value placed on, 136
discrimination, job setting and, 114-117
social construction of, 76-78
Gender differences, 132
Gender roles
socialization, 115
stereotypes, 78
General Social Survey, 172, 175
Gorillas, language and, 32
Government budget deficits, 102
Graduate education, 207-210, 245-246
H
Health
and behavior, 58-64, 241, 248
stress and risky behavior and, 58-64
Health and Human Services, Department of,
232, 236, 253, 256
Health care, 64-65
Health care delivery systems, 64-65
Hearing, 8-11, 14-15, 240
Hearing aids, 14
Helping behavior, 69
Hispanics, immigration to U.S., 139
History
comparative, 177-178
corporate historical records, 163-164
of employment, 110-113, 225
historical reconstruction, ethnographic
methods for, 180-181
of labor force, 114-115, 119-120
of nation-states, 149-150, 157-158
of the nuclear family, 140-143
of organizational evolution, 93-95
of religion, 143-144
of science and technology, 144-147
of sharecrop contracts, 104
see also Event histories; Evolution;
Human society
Home bases, role in human society
evolution, 133, 134
Housing and Urban Development,
Department of, 236
Human body movement, 30-31
Human reproductive physiology, 132
Human sexual behavior, research needs, 62
Human society, development of, 13~133,
243
Human vocal anatomy, evolution of, 134
Ideological systems, comparative research
design, 179-180
Illness, risk of, 63
Image augmentation, 12
Imagery, 23, 24
Imaging methods, SS
Imaging technology, 34; see also
Neuroimaging
Immigrants
illegal, 118
to the United States, 138
T . .
immigration
in developed countries, 138
employment, relation to, 117
Imprinting, 17
Income dynamics, see Panel Study of Income
Dynamics
Industrialization, family and, 141
Infants
cognitive development in, 240
language and, 33, 134
social-emotional sensitivity, 51
Institute for Nutrition in Central America
and Panama, 138
Institutional constraints, see Organizational
structure
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Intelligence testing, 24
Inter-university Consortium for Political and
Social Research, 204
Interdisciplinary research
centers, 46, 233-235, 248
communications needs in, 213-214
funding recommendations, 46, 123-124,
233, 248
language, 36
project evaluation issues, 232
proposals, recommendations, 230
Internal resampling, statistical technique for,
192-193
Internal Revenue Service, 139, 163
Continuous Work History Sample, 225
International Centre for Diarrheal Disease
Research, 138, 234
International conflict, 155-160
International division of labor, 152-153
International Education Act of 1966, 160
International labor productivity trends,
153-155
International politics, security dilemma,
155-160
International trade, 105
Internationalization
conflict and, 158-160
cooperation, 158-160
decision making and, 157-158
research on, 149-155
Interrelated parameters, statistical technique,
194
Interviews
cooperation and conflict research, 160
structured, 179
Intuition, 30
Ion conductance reduction, brain cells in, 18
J
Jobs, 108-121, 248
data sources, 118-121
discrimination, 113-116, 243
histories, 119
immigrants, effect on, 117-118
loss, 64
mobility, 111, 117
tenure, 113
see also Employment
Juries, 74-76
Justice, Department of, 236
L
Labor
contracts, 124
international competition, 117-118
markets, 108, 117, 242, 243
productivity, international trends in,
153-155
see also Employment
Labor, Department of, 236, 253
Laboratories
equipment recommendations, 79, 246
funding recommendations, 79, 123, 246
motivation research, 79
Language, 10-11, 31-43, 240
computer applications, 36, 37, 240
event-related brain potentials (ERPs), 34
evolution, 134-135, 243
learning, 17, 32-36
Latin America
development of, 149-150
politically oriented religious movements,
143
Legal policy makers, 75
Linguistics, 15, 32-33
Longitudinal research, see Recommendations
Longitudinal studies
data bases, and, 219
designs, 173-175
funding recommendations, 80
M
Magnetic resonance (NMR or MRI), 34, 218
Majority rule, 87
Male rituals, New Guinea, 75
Managerial accounting, 105
Market prices, neoclassical theory of, 96
Markets, economic, 95-103, 122
Markets, financial, 101-103, 124,
150-151, 242
Marriage, 72
Mating, language evolution and, 134
Meat eating, human development and, 133
Media, public policy and, 148
Medical diagnosis, expert systems for, 28
Memory, 15-19, 234, 240
framing of questions and, 175-176
survey design, 172
Mental disorders, 56, 64; see also Aphasia;
Drug abuse; Motivation
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Mergers, 105
Meta-analyses, statistical techniques for,
196-197
Methodology
advances, summary of, 244-245
data collection, funding recommendations
for, 197-199, 246
Middle East, politically oriented religious
movements, 143
Migration, 117-118, 138-139, 248
Military role in research and development,
145
Minority groups
employment, 117
science, participation in, 147
Missing data, statistical techniques for,
194, 245
Models/modeling
activation, vision research in, 9
clustering, 190, 245
contract, principal-agent, 103-107
data representation, 181-190
for event histories, 185
fertility estimation, 137
game theory, 90-91
geometric and algebraic, 187-190
log-linear, for categorical variables,
183-184, 245
multiple-item measurement, 185-186, 245
network, 190, 245
nonhuman primate, 132
nonlinear, nonadditive, 186
organizational structure, 91-92
probability, 182-186
regression, 184-185
Modernization process, family and religion,
140-144
Monkeys, 17-18
Motivation, 50-58, 71, 234, 240-242, 248
Motor skills, complex actions, 30
Multinational corporations, 151
Music, hearing research on, 14
N
National Assessment of Educational Progress
(NAEP), 186
National Election Studies, 221
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH),
204
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 81, 228,
229, 230, 232, 249, 256
National Longitudinal Survey of Inbox
Market Experience, 121
National Opinion Research Center, 172
National Science Foundation (NSF), 81, 172,
204, 206, 223, 228-236, 249, 250,
253, 256-257
National security policy, 157
Neanderthal females, 132, 134
Negotiation, 106-108
Neoclassical economic theory, 111, 113, 117
Neural circuits, see Brain
Neurochemistry, 54
Neuroendocrine correlates of stress, 64
Neuroimaging, 34, 218, 246, 247
Neuropeptides, 18
Neurotransmitters, 17
New Guinea
facial expression research in, 52-53
gender research in, 76
Newtonian formulas, 28
Nonverbal communication, 51, 72
Nuclear deterrence, 107
Nuclear family, social change and, 140-143;
see also Family
o
Occupations and gender, 115; see also
Employment; Jobs; Labor
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), 224
Operant conditioning, 56, 57
Ordered factorial systems, 188-190
Organizational behavior, 86-91
in military establishments, 157
Organizational structure and evolution,
91-95
p
Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID),
118, 119, 121, 139, 163, 173, 219, 221
Parental behaviors, 68-69
Phonemics, 14, 38
Photography, vision research applications, 12
Physicians, expert systems use, 29
Physics
cross-national study of, 146
problem solving in, 29
Political systems
diffusion, 151-152
founding of, 91
and international security, 155-160
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knowledge and policy, 147-149
organizational politics of, 92-93
and religious systems, 143-144
and voting, 8~91
Population change in developing countries,
136-138
Positron-emission tomography (PET),
55, 218
Postdoctoral, see Fellowships
Poverty, see Criminal careers; Employment;
Jobs; Labor; Unemployment
Price adjustments, 124
Price inertia, 109
Primate research, 32, 132
Prisons, cost-effectiveness of, 67
Probability models, data representation in,
182-186
Productivity, 73, 153-155
Prosocial disposition, 68-69
Protestant Reformation, 143
Public policy
behavioral and social sciences and,
147-149
media and, 148
technology and science, 144-149
R
Randomized field experiments, data
collection methods, 171-172
Reading, 37-43
Reasoning, 27-30, 240
Recall, see Memory
Recommendations, research opportunities
and needs, 246
behavior, mind, and brain, 43-46
choice and allocation, 121-125
institutions and culture, 160-164
motivational contexts of behavior, 77-81
research methods, 197-199
Recommendations, research support
animal care, 218, 246, 247
archives, corporate and local government,
access to, 226, 247
computers, 215-218, 246, 247
data bases, large-scale, 219-220, 248
government data, access to, 222-225,
246, 247
graduate education, 207-210, 245-247
grants for individual investigators,
227-228, 246, 248-249
grants, size and duration of, 228-230
interdisciplinary research, 230-235, 248
neuroimaging devices, 218, 246, 247
undergraduate education, 205-207
Recommendations, summary of, 245-249
Records, see Archives and records
Regulation and deregulation, 99-100
Relationships, 72-76
Religion, 140-141, 143-144, 248
Research needs, see Recommendations
Retail price maintenance, 105
Robust statistical techniques, 193-194
S
Satellites, use in censuses, 138
Scaling, geometric models, 187-188, 245
Science
development of, 14~147
education, 27-30
technology and public policy, 144-149
Secondary schools and colleges, behavioral
and social sciences curricula in, 205
Security policies, 157
Seizures, 19
Self-concepts, 70-75, 241
Sexual equality, 142
Sign language, 35, 240
Single-photon tomography (SPET), 218
Small groups, behavior and, 72-76
Smell, 57
Smithsonian Institution, 236, 253
Smoking, see Tobacco abuse
Social change
and nuclear family, 140-143
religion, and politics, 143-144
see also History
Social competence, 54
Social construction theories, 76-77
Social interaction, 69-78
Social referencing, 51-53
Social Security Administration, 139, 163, 225
Speech, see Language
State, Department of, 236
Statistical analysis of data, 190-197, 245; see
also Models/modeling
Status ordering, 75
Stress, 63
Supercomputers, 216
Survey designs, data collection methods,
172-173
Survey of Income and Program Participation,
121, 139, 221
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
nuclear family
