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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
The study was supported by Grant No. 2925-003 between the National Academy of Sciences and Carnegie Corporation of New York and Grant No. 5294-158 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute on Child Health and Human Development, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
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Suggested citation: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2000) Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents. Forum on Adolescence. Mary G. Graham, ed. Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
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FORUM ON ADOLESCENCE 1999-2000
DAVID A. HAMBURG (Chair),
Carnegie Corporation of New York
(President Emeritus)
HUDA AKIL,
Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
CHERYL ALEXANDER,
Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins University
CLAIRE BRINDIS,
Institute for Health Policy Studies, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
GREG DUNCAN,
Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
JACQUELYNNE ECCLES,
School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ABIGAIL ENGLISH,
Center for Adolescent Health & the Law, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
EUGENE GARCIA,
School of Education, University of California, Berkeley
HELENE KAPLAN,
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher, and Flom, New York
IRIS F. LITT,
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University
JOHN MERROW,
The Merrow Report, New York
ANNE C. PETERSEN,
W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, Michigan
KAREN PITTMAN,
International Youth Foundation, Baltimore
ANNE PUSEY,
Jane Goodall Institute's Center, University of Minnesota
MICHAEL RUTTER,
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London
STEPHEN A. SMALL,
Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison
CAMILLE ZUBRINSKY CHARLES,
Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania
BARUCH FISCHHOFF
(Liaison, IOM Council), Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University
ELEANOR E. MACCOBY
(Liaison, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education), Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University
BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES 1999-2000
JACK P. SHONKOFF (Chair),
Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University
EVAN CHARNEY (Vice Chair),
Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts
JAMES A. BANKS,
Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington
SHEILA BURKE,
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
DAVID CARD,
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
DONALD COHEN,
Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, Yale University
MINDY FULLILOVE,
Columbia University
KEVIN GRUMBACH,
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Primary Care Research Center, University of California, San Francisco
MAXINE HAYES,
Department of Community and Family Health, Washington State Department of Health
MARGARET HEAGARTY,
Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University
RENEE JENKINS,
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University
SHEILA KAMERMAN,
School of Social Work, Columbia University
HARRIET KITZMAN,
School of Nursing, University of Rochester
SANDERS KORENMAN,
School of Public Affairs, Baruch College
CINDY LEDERMAN,
Circuit Court, Juvenile Justice Center, Dade County, Florida
SARA McLANAHAN,
Office of Population Research, Princeton University
VONNIE McLOYD,
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
PAUL NEWACHECK,
Institute of Health Policy Studies and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
GARY SANDEFUR,
Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
RUTH STEIN,
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
PAUL WISE,
Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center
RUTH T. GROSS
(Liaison, IOM Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention), Professor of Pediatrics (emeritus), Stanford University
ELEANOR E. MACCOBY
(Liaison, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education), Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University
WILLIAM ROPER
(Liaison, IOM Council), Institute of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Michele D. Kipke, Director
Mary Graham, Associate Director,
Dissemination and Communications
Mary Strigari, Administrative Associate
Elena Nightingale, Scholar-in-Residence
Preface
This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents, held on September 22, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and the Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, with funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the National Institute on Child Health and Human Development, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on adolescence and sleep. Among the questions it addressed were: How much sleep do teenagers need? What are the typical sleep patterns of adolescents? What are the influences on sleep problems and disturbances? What are the consequences of insufficient sleep? Drawing on participants' presentations and discussions, this workshop summary addresses each of these questions. Of necessity, it reflects the particular emphases of the workshop discussions as well as specific statements made by participants during the workshop.
It is important to note that this workshop was an effort intended to take stock of the current knowledge base on adolescent sleep and to highlight key findings from research. Given the limitations of both time and scope, the workshop could not address all issues that are important in this area. For example, the workshop did not explore in depth the social and cultural contexts that influence adolescents and their behavior.
It is also important to note that this workshop report summarizes material presented and discussed at the workshop. Although it references published materials suggested or provided by participants, it is not intended to provide a comprehensive or thorough review of the field. It is our hope that this report will illuminate important issues related to sleep and the well-being of adolescents that deserve further attention and consideration.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
We thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Missy Fleming, Child and Adolescent Health, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL; Anthony Jackson, Disney Learning Partnership, Walt Disney Corporation, Burbank, CA; Reed Larson, Department of Human and Community Development, University of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana; Richard MacKenzie, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Barbara McNeil, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School; and Shepherd Smith, Institute for Youth Development, Sterling, VA.
Although the individuals listed above provided constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring group and the institution.
David Hamburg
Chair, Forum on Adolescence