Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R14
Contents R15-R18
Summary 1-18
I. Historical Perspective and Background 19-20
1 Introduction and Background 21-28
2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference Standards 29-42
II. Application of DRIs for Individual Diet Assessment 43-44
3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of Individuals 45-70
III. Application of DRIs for Group Diet Assessment 71-72
4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 73-105
5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 106-112
6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 113-126
7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using the Dietary Reference Intakes 127-144
IV. Fine-Tuning Dietary Assessment Using the DRIs 145-146
8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual Intakes 147-161
9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 162-167
10 References 168-178
Appendix A: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 179-184
Appendix B: Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical Foundations 185-202
Appendix C: Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups: Statistical Foundations 203-210
Appendix D: Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method for Estimating Prevalence 211-231
Appendix E: Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using Household and Population Data 232-238
Appendix F: Rationale for Setting Adequate Intakes 239-253
Appendix G: Glossary and Abbreviations 254-261
Appendix H: Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee Members 262-266
Index 267-281
Summary Table: Estimated Average Requirements 282-283
Summary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 284-286
Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals 287-289

ever, for the other age groups, only fluoride and pantothenic acid AIs are based on intakes of apparently healthy populations.

TABLE F-1 Adequate Intake (AI) for Calcium

Life Stage Group	AI (mg/d)	Basis for AI
0–6 mo	210	Human milk content
7–12 mo	270	Human milk content + solid food
1–3 y	500	Extrapolation from AI for 4–8 y (desirable calcium retention)
4–8 y	800	Calcium balance, calcium accretion, ∆BMC^b
9–18 y	1,300	Desirable calcium retention, ∆BMC, factorial
19–30 y	1,000	Desirable calcium retention, factorial
31–50 y	1,000	Calcium balance, BMD^c

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R14

Contents R15-R18

Summary 1-18

I. Historical Perspective and Background 19-20

1 Introduction and Background 21-28

2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference Standards 29-42

II. Application of DRIs for Individual Diet Assessment 43-44

3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of Individuals 45-70

III. Application of DRIs for Group Diet Assessment 71-72

4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 73-105

5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 106-112

6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups 113-126

7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using the Dietary Reference Intakes 127-144

IV. Fine-Tuning Dietary Assessment Using the DRIs 145-146

8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual Intakes 147-161

9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 162-167

10 References 168-178

Appendix A: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 179-184

Appendix B: Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical Foundations 185-202

Appendix C: Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups: Statistical Foundations 203-210

Appendix D: Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method for Estimating Prevalence 211-231

Appendix E: Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using Household and Population Data 232-238

Appendix F: Rationale for Setting Adequate Intakes 239-253

Appendix G: Glossary and Abbreviations 254-261

Appendix H: Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee Members 262-266

Index 267-281

Summary Table: Estimated Average Requirements 282-283

Summary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 284-286

Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals 287-289