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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
independence of intakes and requirements, 81 , 83-84 , 85 , 86 , 88
individual-to-individual variation of intakes and, 8 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 134
joint distribution in, 83-84 , 85 , 86 , 204 , 208 , 209 , 213
mean intakes and, 12 , 103-104 , 134 , 138-139
observed mean intakes and, 12 , 96 , 97
prevalence of excessive intakes, 14-15 , 42 , 130 , 131 , 142-143 , 154-155
prevalence of inadequate intakes, 8 , 12 , 73-74 , 76-81 , 86 , 87-89 , 94 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 109-110 , 129-132 , 135-139 , 203-210 , 213 , 214-221 , 225-226
probability approach, 8-9 , 74 , 76-81 , 83-84 , 88-89 , 91 , 205-208 , 209 , 212 , 213 , 229 , 231
RDAs and, 4 , 11 , 24 , 102-104 , 131
requirement distribution and, 8 , 11 , 81 , 83 , 86 , 89-91 , 208 , 209
requirement–intake correlation, 8 , 9 , 74 , 81 , 87-89 , 203-204 , 212-224
requirement variance relative to intake variance, 11 , 12 , 83 , 86 , 91-93 , 212 , 224-229
research recommendations, 16-17 , 165-167
skewed intake distribution and, 95-96
survey data and, 10 , 14-15 , 96 , 98-102 , 128-129 , 132-143
ULs used in, 4 , 13 , 120-124 , 130-131
units of observation, 104
usual intakes and, 7 , 8 , 9 , 76-77 , 81 , 83-84 , 85 , 96 , 97
within-person variation in intakes and, 9 , 10 , 94-95 , 96
Group mean intakes
AIs and, 6 , 12 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 131
defined, 258
EARs and, 12 , 103-104 , 131
and group-level assessments, 12 , 14-15 , 103-104 , 131 , 134 , 138-139
RDAs and, 12 , 103 , 128
H Health claims, 41
Hospital patients, menu planning for, 41
Household inventories, 153
Household-level assessments
adequacy of nutrient intakes, 233-234
application, 234-235
defined, 257
dietary data used in, 104 , 156-157 , 235-236
food energy, 232-233
household requirement and, 232-233 , 234
nutrients, 233-235
population of households, 233
I Inadequacy of nutrient intake, 187 , 205 , 257
Indicators of nutrient adequacy, risk reduction-based, 2 , 23 , 27
Individual-level assessments
AI used in, 4 , 6-7 , 46 , 51 , 58-62 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 194 , 198-200
applications of DRIs in, 4 , 46 , 66-69
in assisted living setting, 66-67 , 68
biological parameters considered, 47 , 66 , 67 , 69
choosing reference standard for, 50-51
confidence of adequacy, 6 , 56-57 , 60 , 64-65 , 67 , 68 , 189-190 , 197 , 199 , 200
confidence of safety, 199 , 201
day-to-day variability in intake and, 5 , 6 , 45 , 48-49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55-56 , 60 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 191-196
dietary intake data for, 49-50 , 54
distribution of daily intakes and, 61-62 , 190 , 198-199 , 201
EAR used in, 4 , 5-6 , 46 , 50-51 , 52-58 , 59 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 185 , 186-197
implementation of approach, 193-195
lifestyle information, 69
limitations of methods, 45-46 , 195-197
measurement of dietary intake and, 47 , 48-50 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 58 , 67 , 187
observed intakes and, 5 , 6 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 66 , 185 , 188
observed mean intakes and, 5-6 , 37 , 45 , 48-50 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 58 , 60-61 , 62 , 63 , 67 , 185 , 186 , 188
precision of, 46-47
in pregnancy planning context, 67-69
probability of inadequacy, 5
