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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
Units of observation.
See also Group-level assessments;
Household-level assessments;
Individual-level assessments;
Population-level assessments
defined, 261
and measuring dietary intakes, 156-157
Univariate distribution
defined, 261
of usual intakes, 76-77 , 209
Unmixing algorithm, 97
U.S. Department of Agriculture
dietary guidelines, 32-33 , 38
food plans, 35 , 39
food use data adjustments, 235
Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, 157
U.S. Department of Defense, 39
Usual intakes of nutrients, 1 .
See also Adjusting intake distributions;
Distribution of usual intakes
and AI, 46 , 59-60 , 110 , 126
average, 74 , 75
confidence levels, 6 , 56 , 64-65
correlated with requirements, 8 , 81 , 87-89 , 212-224
defined, 93 , 185-186 , 261
descriptive analyses of, 133-134
and EARs, 14-15 , 130-131
estimation challenges, 49
group-level assessments, 76-77 , 81 , 83-84 , 85 , 96 , 97 , 130-131
independent of requirement, 81 , 83-84 , 85 , 86 , 88
individual-level assessment, 5 , 7 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48-50 , 51 , 52 , 58 , 59-60 , 64 , 185-186 , 187
mean of, 74
number of days needed to estimate, 6 , 48-49 , 187
from observed intakes, 49 , 50 , 52 , 185
from observed mean intakes, 97 , 186
obtaining information on, 48-50 , 58
random error in, 58 , 164
and ULs, 7 , 64
variance of, 11 , 83 , 161
V Variance in dietary assessment.
See also Within-person variation in intakes collection of intake data and, 94 , 160-161
in day-to-day intakes, 5 , 53 , 60 , 94
in distribution of nutrient requirement, 8 , 53n.1 , 162-163 , 188
in distribution of observed intakes, 94
in distribution of usual intakes, 93
EAR-related variability, 50 , 159-160
measurement error, 98
representative subsamples of groups, 158
sampling variability, 159
standard deviation of prevalence estimates, 158-161
Vitamin A, 22 , 46 , 49 , 56 , 63 , 67 , 95 , 191 , 192 , 197 , 200
Vitamin B6 , 10-11 , 14 , 82-83 , 99-102 , 108 , 117 , 122 , 126 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 142 , 191 , 192 , 269 , 271 , 275
Vitamin B12 , 10-11 , 14 , 15 , 22 , 46 , 63 , 67 , 82-83 , 108 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 142 , 143 , 149 , 191 , 192 , 200 , 269 , 275
Vitamin C, 10-11 , 14 , 46 , 48 , 56 , 63 , 67 , 82-83 , 108 , 118 , 121 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 142 , 191 , 192 , 197 , 269 , 271 , 276
Vitamin D, 10-11 , 15 , 51 , 68 , 73 , 82-83 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 118 , 131 , 143 , 149 , 244-245 , 270 , 274
Vitamin E, 10-11 , 14 , 46 , 56 , 63 , 67 , 82-83 , 108 , 116 , 121 , 124 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 142 , 164 , 191 , 192 , 197 , 269 , 271 , 276
W Weight history, 67 , 69
WIC program, 34-35 , 39
Within-person variation in intakes
adjusting intake distributions for, 9 , 94-95 , 96 , 196-197
asymmetrical, 56
of cholesterol, 193-194
