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OCR for page 284
DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE—NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS (ULa)
Life Stage Group
Calcium (g/d)
Phosphorus (g/d)
Magnesium (mg/d)b
Vitamin D (μg/d)
Fluoride (mg/d)
Infants
0–6 mo
NDe
ND
ND
25
0.7
7–12 mo
ND
ND
ND
25
0.9
Children
1–3 y
2.5
3
65
50
1.3
4–8 y
2.5
3
110
50
2.2
Males, Females
9–13 y
2.5
4
350
50
10
14–18 y
2.5
4
350
50
10
19–70 y
2.5
4
350
50
10
> 70 y
2.5
3
350
50
10
Pregnancy
≤ 18 y
2.5
3.5
350
50
10
19–50 y
2.5
3.5
350
50
10
Lactation
≤ 18 y
2.5
4
350
50
10
19–50 y
2.5
4
350
50
10
a UL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, or any carotenoids. In the absence of ULs, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes.
b The ULs for magnesium represent intake from a pharmacological agent only and do not include intake from food and water.
OCR for page 285
DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
Niacin (mg/d)c
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)
Folate (μg/d)c
Choline (g/d)
Vitamin C (mg/d)
Vitamin E (mg/d)d
Selenium (μg/d)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
45
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
60
10
30
300
1.0
400
200
90
15
40
400
1.0
650
300
150
20
60
600
2.0
1,200
600
280
30
80
800
3.0
1,800
800
400
35
100
1,000
3.5
2,000
1,000
400
35
100
1,000
3.5
2,000
1,000
400
30
80
800
3.0
1,800
800
400
35
100
1,000
3.5
2,000
1,000
400
30
80
800
3.0
1,800
800
400
35
100
1,000
3.5
2,000
1,000
400
c The ULs for niacin, folate, and vitamin E apply to synthetic forms obtained from supplements, fortified foods, or a combination of the two.
d As α-tocopherol; applies to any form of supplemental α-tocopherol.
e ND = Not determinable due to lack of data of adverse effects in this age group and concern with regard to lack of ability to handle excess amounts. Source of intake should be from food only to prevent high levels of intake.
Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
OCR for page 286
DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
include intake
