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Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment (2000)

Chapter: Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals

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Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE—NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: RECOMMENDED INTAKES FOR INDIVIDUALS

Life Stage Group

Calcium (mg/d)

Phosphorus (mg/d)

Magnesium (mg/d)

Vitamin D (μg/d)a ,b

Fluoride (mg/d)

Thiamin (mg/d)

Infants

0–6 mo

210*

100*

30*

5*

0.01*

0.2*

7–12 mo

270*

275*

75*

5*

0.5*

0.3*

Children

1–3 y

500*

460

80

5*

0.7*

0.5

4–8 y

800*

500

130

5*

1*

0.6

Males

9–13 y

1,300*

1,250

240

5*

2*

0.9

14–18 y

1,300*

1,250

410

5*

3*

1.2

19–30 y

1,000*

700

400

5*

4*

1.2

31–50 y

1,000*

700

420

5*

4*

1.2

51–70 y

1,200*

700

420

10*

4*

1.2

> 70 y

1,200*

700

420

15*

4*

1.2

Females

9–13 y

1,300*

1,250

240

5*

2*

0.9

14–18 y

1,300*

1,250

360

5*

3*

1.0

19–30 y

1,000*

700

310

5*

3*

1.1

31–50 y

1,000*

700

320

5*

3*

1.1

51–70 y

1,200*

700

320

10*

3*

1.1

> 70 y

1,200*

700

320

15*

3*

1.1

Pregnancy

≤ 18 y

1,300*

1,250

400

5*

3*

1.4

19–30 y

1,000*

700

350

5*

3*

1.4

31–50 y

1,000*

700

360

5*

3*

1.4

Lactation

≤ 18 y

1,300*

1,250

360

5*

3*

1.4

19–30 y

1,000*

700

310

5*

3*

1.4

31–50 y

1,000*

700

320

5*

3*

1.4

NOTE: This table presents Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in bold type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type followed by an asterisk (*). RDAs and AIs may both be used as goals for individual intake. RDAs are set to meet the needs of almost all (97 to 98 percent) individuals in a group. For healthy breastfed infants, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life-stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake.

a As calciferol. 1 μg calciferol = 40 IU vitamin D.

b In the absence of adequate exposure to sunlight.

c As niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan; 0–6 months = preformed niacin (not NE).

Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×

Riboflavin (mg/d)

Niacin (mg/d)c

Vitamin B6 (mg/d)

Folate (μg/d)d

Vitamin B12 (μg/d)

Pantothenic Acid (mg/d)

Biotin (μg/d)

0.3*

2*

0.1*

65*

0.4*

1.7*

5*

0.4*

4*

0.3*

80*

0.5*

1.8*

6*

0.5

6

0.5

150

0.9

2*

8*

0.6

8

0.6

200

1.2

3*

12*

0.9

12

1.0

300

1.8

4*

20*

1.3

16

1.3

400

2.4

5*

25*

1.3

16

1.3

400

2.4

5*

30*

1.3

16

1.3

400

2.4

5*

30*

1.3

16

1.7

400

2.4g

5*

30*

1.3

16

1.7

400

2.4g

5*

30*

0.9

12

1.0

300

1.8

4*

20*

1.0

14

1.2

400h

2.4

5*

25*

1.1

14

1.3

400h

2.4

5*

30*

1.1

14

1.3

400h

2.4

5*

30*

1.1

14

1.5

400

2.4g

5*

30*

1.1

14

1.5

400

2.4g

5*

30*

1.4

18

1.9

600i

2.6

6*

30*

1.4

18

1.9

600i

2.6

6*

30*

1.4

18

1.9

600i

2.6

6*

30*

1.6

17

2.0

500

2.8

7*

35*

1.6

17

2.0

500

2.8

7*

35*

1.6

17

2.0

500

2.8

7*

35*

d As dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1 μg food folate = 0.6 μg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 μg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach.

e Although AIs have been set for choline, there are few data to assess whether a dietary supply of choline is needed at all stages of the life cycle, and it may be that the choline requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis at some of these stages.

f As α-tocopherol, α-Tocopherol includes RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of α-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS-, and RSS-α-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (SRR-, SSR-, SRS-, and SSS-α-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements.

Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×

Cholinee (mg/d)

Vitamin C (mg/d)

Vitamin Ef (mg/d)

Selenium (μg/d)

Life Stage Group

 

Infants

125*

40*

4*

15*

0–6 mo

150*

50*

5*

20*

7–12 mo

 

Children

200*

15

6

20

1–3 y

250*

25

7

30

4–8 y

 

Males

375*

45

11

40

9–13 y

550*

75

15

55

14–18 y

550*

90

15

55

19–30 y

550*

90

15

55

31–50 y

550*

90

15

55

51–70 y

550*

90

15

55

> 70 y

 

Females

375*

45

11

40

9–13 y

400*

65

15

55

14–18 y

425*

75

15

55

19–30 y

425*

75

15

55

31–50 y

425*

75

15

55

51–70 y

425*

75

15

55

> 70 y

 

Pregnancy

450*

80

15

60

≤ 18 y

450*

85

15

60

19–30 y

450*

85

15

60

31–50 y

 

Lactation

550*

115

19

70

≤ 18 y

550*

120

19

70

19–30 y

550*

120

19

70

31–50 y

g Because 10 to 30 percent of older people may malabsorb food-bound B12, it is advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consuming foods fortified with B12 or a supplement containing B12.

h In view of evidence linking folate intake with neural tube defects in the fetus, it is recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg from supplements or fortified foods in addition to intake of food folate from a varied diet.

i It is assumed that women will continue consuming 400 μg from supplements or fortified food until their pregnancy is confirmed and they enter prenatal care, which ordinarily occurs after the end of the periconceptional period—the critical time for formation of the neural tube.

Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×
Page 287
Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×
Page 288
Suggested Citation:"Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9956.
×
Page 289
Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment Get This Book
×

Since 1994 the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board has been involved in developing an expanded approach to developing dietary reference standards. This approach, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), provides a set of four nutrient-based reference values designed to replace the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) in Canada. These reference values include Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). To date, several volumes in this series have been published.

This new book, Applications in Dietary Assessment, provides guidance to nutrition and health research professionals on the application of the new DRIs. It represents both a "how to" manual and a "why" manual. Specific examples of both appropriate and inappropriate uses of the DRIs in assessing nutrient adequacy of groups and of individuals are provided, along with detailed statistical approaches for the methods described. In addition, a clear distinction is made between assessing individuals and assessing groups as the approaches used are quite different. Applications in Dietary Assessment will be an essential companion to any-or all-of the DRI volumes.

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